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Unravelling Susceptibility In Modern Times: The Validation Of Stuart Close, Kumar M. Dhawale

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy

N/A

Effect Of Adjuvant Vitamin D Therapy On Total Nasal Symptoms Score, Ige, And Eosinophil Levels In Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Rahmi Surayya, Dwi R. Pawarti, Rizka F. Perdana, Citrawati D.K. Wungu

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal

This review investigated the effects of adjuvant vitamin D therapy on Total Nasal Symptoms Score (TNSS), IgE, and eosinophil counts in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). The meta-analysis used databases, such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, SAGE journals, and clinicaltrials.gov. Quality appraisal was performed using RoB 2 and NOS tools. The research was guided by the PRISMA 2020 chart and analyzed using RevMan 5.4. Sixteen articles, including 11 randomised controlled trials and five cohorts, met the inclusion criteria. Fourteen articles reported TNSS, while four reported IgE and eosinophil levels. Vitamin D significantly reduced TNSS (SMD -2.24; 95% …

Pediatric Heart Failure: A Practical Guide For Primary Care Providers Supporting Families Across The Care Continuum, Shahnawaz Amdani, Kriti Puri, Julie Glickstein, Joseph A Spinner, Jonathan N Johnson, Ashraf S Harahsheh, Majd Makhoul, Susan Denfield

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background/Objectives: Pediatric heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome with diverse etiologies and presentations. Primary care providers (PCPs) are critical in early recognition, family education, and coordination of ongoing care in collaboration with pediatric cardiologists. This review provides a comprehensive guide for PCPs to understand the causes, symptoms, treatments, and longitudinal considerations for children with HF.

Methods: We conducted a narrative review synthesizing published evidence and expert consensus guidelines, focusing on the clinical presentation, treatment options, and longitudinal care strategies in children with HF.

Results: HF in children most commonly results from congenital heart disease and …

“Not Today”: Overcoming Prep Hesitancy, Stigma, And Adherence Barriers With Lenacapavir, Margaret Conrad, Meredith Clement

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Numerical Approach To Time-Space Fractional Stochastic Diffusion Equation, Archana Mourya, Kalyanrao Takale, Shrikisan Gaikwad

Baghdad Science Journal

The primary objective of this paper is to propose a Crank-Nicolson scheme tailored to analyze a time-space fractional stochastic diffusion equation subject to additive noise. Using the Caputo definition for time fractional derivatives and the shifted Grunwald-Letnikov definition for space fractional derivatives, a fractional order Crank-Nicolson finite difference scheme is devised to obtain a numerical solution. Considerable attention has been paid to examining the stability and convergence properties of this fractional order Crank-Nicolson method. To validate the effectiveness of the developed method, a comprehensive investigation using a test problem is conducted to assess its accuracy. The study harnesses the power …

Gata2 Mutation Is Associated With Immune Dysfunction And Increased Mycobacterium Haemophilum Susceptibility In Immunocompromised Individuals, Ananya Gupta, Shail B. Mehta, Abhimanyu, Bruce A. Rosa, John Martin, Mushtaq Ahmed, Shyamala Thirunavukkarasu, Farheen Fatma, Gaya K. Amarasinghe, Makedonka Mitreva, Thomas C. Bailey, David B. Clifford, Shabaana A. Khader

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Infections with nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) are on the rise. Here, we investigated an uncommon NTM infection, by M. haemophilum (Mh, n = 4), from a shared geographic location in the United States. All patients had underlying immunosuppressive conditions or treatments. We identified that all these individuals had a nonsynonymous mutation in GATA2 gene, which was absent in healthy controls (HCs, n = 4) from the same geographic area (Missouri, USA). Whole blood from these individuals had attenuated cytokine responses to Mh stimulation for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MIP-1α and MIP-1β, but not to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or another NTM, M. abscessus. Impaired …

A Picture Puzzle Approach To Microbes, Infectious Diseases, History And Art, Adarsh Bhimraj

History of Medicine Seminar

Topics covered in this session:

• What is proper attire for doctors to wear?
• Why read history?
• Picture Puzzles

Enflonsia (Clesrovimab-Cfor): A New Era In Rsv Protection For Infants, Katherine Ghattas Pharmd, Rileigh Smith Pharmd, Amanda Rawa Pharmd

Transformative Medicine

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a leading cause of serious lung infections in infants and young children, especially during the winter months. For decades, preventative options were limited, costly, or only available to babies at high-risk. The FDA approved Enflonsia (clesrovimab-cfor) in June 2025, given as a single injection to protect infants thorough their first RSV season. Since it is designed for broader infant use and can be distributed through programs such as Vaccines for Children, Enflonsia may help close long-standing gaps in RSV prevention.

Unvaccinated By Doubt: How Covid-19 Governance Sparked A Measles Outbreak, Ellen Black

Law Faculty Scholarship

This Article examines how the erosion of public trust in government and public health institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to the resurgence of measles in the United States. It argues that pandemic-era governance—marked by inconsistent scientific messaging, politically charged public health mandates, and the federal government’s coordination with social media platforms to suppress dissenting viewpoints—generated widespread skepticism that continues to undermine vaccination uptake. Through a detailed analysis of lockdown policies, vaccine and mask mandates, and the subsequent revelations regarding governmental influence over online content moderation, the Article demonstrates how conflicting guidance and perceived censorship fostered long-lasting public doubt. …

The Impact Of Intrauterine Devices On The Risk Of Ureaplasma Species Overgrowth: A Review Of The Literature, Joyce Miller

All Publications

Ureaplasma species (Ureaplasma spp.) are commensal organisms of the lower urogenital tract, but overgrowth has been associated with vaginal infections such as bacterial vaginosis (BV) and sequelae, including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, and pregnancy complications such as preterm labor. Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are an effective contraceptive method; however, their use has been linked to an increased risk of urogenital infections, including those involving Ureaplasma spp., which may disseminate and lead to adverse health outcomes. There is still much uncertainty surrounding the connection between Ureaplasma spp. and IUDs, calling for further research to analyze the possible associated adverse effects. …

Interleukin-6 (Il-6) Mediated Pathways In Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (Nafld) And Its Implications On Magnesium And Zinc Mineral Deficiencies: A Scoping Review, Marianne Koleng, Leann Nguyen

Department of Nutrition Student Projects

The prevalence and incidence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is rising. In the United States alone, the prevalence of NAFLD is currently 38% and there has been a 50% increase over the last three decades. The present study investigated the role of ultratrace mineral deficiencies, specifically magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn), and if so, what nutritional interventions could be made to ameliorate or protect against the development of NAFLD. The role of trace and ultratrace minerals in pro-inflammatory cytokine pathways contributing to NAFLD, specifically Interleukin-6 (IL-6), were investigated. IL-6 is produced by hepatocytes and plays a crucial role in …

Mesalamine As A Suspected Cause Of Drug-Induced Pancreatitis: A Case Report And Review Of Diagnostic Considerations, Elias Arellano Villanueva, Miguel Lopez, Alhasan Asaad, Jose E. Campo Maldonado

School of Medicine Publications

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common cause of gastrointestinal-related hospitalizations in the United States. It is characterized by pancreatic inflammation and necrosis, with diagnosis based on elevated pancreatic enzymes, characteristic imaging, and epigastric pain radiating to the back. While gallstones and alcohol are the predominant etiologies, drug-induced pancreatitis (DIP) accounts for up to 5% of cases and remains a diagnostic challenge. Over 500 medications, including mesalamine, have been implicated. Proposed mechanisms of DIP include pancreatic duct obstruction, toxic metabolite accumulation, hypersensitivity reactions, and localized angioedema. Prompt recognition and withdrawal of the offending agent are critical to prevent complications.

We report …

Investigating Potential Alzheimer's Disease Therapies Through An Agent-Based Model Of Impaired Microglia Metabolismmodeling Impaired Microglia Metabolism, Cheyenne Ty, Abigail Penland, John Gerving, Martin Mendoza-Ceja, Megan Pratt, Kamila Larripa

Spora: A Journal of Biomathematics

Alzheimer’s disease is the leading cause of dementia globally and is marked by amyloid-β plaque accumulation, decreased brain pH, disrupted metabolism, and increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, are essential for maintaining brain homeostasis and are critically involved in the progression of AD. While microglia can initiate protective immune responses to injury and disease, dysregulated microglial metabolism may contribute to the exacerbation of Alzheimer's pathology. To investigate potential therapeutic strategies, we developed an agent-based model simulating the effects of exercise and metabolic enhancement on dysfunctional microglia. Our findings suggest that …

Ybx1-Mediated Activation Of Srebp2 Drives Sorafenib Resistance Via Cholesterol Biosynthesis In Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Veerababu Nagati, Dennis Kwabiah, Yamile Abuchard, Ana Ayala Pazzi, Shaibir Hussain, Salique H. Shaham, Manish Tripathi

Research Colloquium

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive, largely chemo-resistant cancer with a poor prognosis and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Currently, there is no effective systemic chemotherapy for HCC. Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor commonly used as the first-line treatment for advanced HCC. However, acquired drug resistance significantly limits its clinical effectiveness. The Y-box binding protein (YBX1) is an oncogenic RNA-binding protein found to be upregulated in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells and tissues.

Methods: HCC model SK Hep1, YBX1 overexpression, and knockdown cells were prepared by transient transfection with puromycin selection, and stable cell lines were established through …

Chronic Diarrhea And Severe Hypokalemia In An Aids Patient: Unmasking Cryptosporidium Infection, Nida Asif, Elizabeth Mills, Sikandar Zia

Research Colloquium

Background: Cryptosporidiosis is a common cause of chronic diarrhea in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome particularly those with CD4 counts below 100 cells/mm3. In such cases, persistent gastrointestinal losses can result in severe electrolyte abnormalities, including life threatening hypokalemia. Recognizing this association is critical as delayed correction may result in serious morbidity. Reporting cases with this complication enhances clinical awareness and may guide more vigilant electrolyte monitoring in similar patients.

Case presentation: A 41-year-old male with a history of HIV diagnosed in 2005 and progression to AIDS (acquired human immunodeficiency) presented to the emergency department with a one-month history of …

Cerebral Malaria In Chad- A Case Report Series, Megan W. Szobody, Blaise Djomg Yang, Noel Johnson, Kelsey Potter-Baker

Research Colloquium

Malaria is a serious disease caused by various species of the Plasmodium genus. Among these, Plasmodium falciparum is widely considered the most dangerous, due to its ability to infect both young and mature red blood cells (RBCs). Malarial disease, caused primarily by P. falciparum, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa, and notably in Chad, accounting for over 10,000 deaths each year and with an incidence rate of over 3 million. Anyone can acquire falciparum malaria after being bitten by infected anopheles mosquitoes, but in pregnant women and young children, this disease is often deadly. A …

Ground-Based Modeling Of Deep-Space Risks To The Spleen And Intestine In Mice, Edith Nathalie Pineda Sotomayor

Theses and Dissertations

Deep-space missions, such as those planned for the cis-lunar space and Mars, pose unique challenges to astronaut health due to prolonged microgravity (MG) exposure and low-dose chronic irradiation (CIR). Understanding the impact of these stressors on secondary lymphoid tissues, such as the spleen and intestine, is crucial for ensuring crewmembers' well-being, given the impracticality of conducting this research with human samples. Using a ground-based facility, we exposed C57BL/6 female and male mice to CIR (1.74 Gy at a dose rate of 0.0029 Gy/h) and/or simulated MG (SMG) via hind limb unloading (HLU) for one month. Spleen and intestinal tissues were …

1,2,4-Triazole-Based First-In-Class Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors Of The Bacterial Enzyme Mray, Tomayo Berida, Tzu-Yu Huang, Stefanie C Weck, Marcel Lutz, Samuel R Mckee, Nathalie Kagerah, Destinee L Manning, Mohamed E Jahan, Sushil Mishra, Jennifer Herrmann, Rolf Müller, Robert J Doerksen, Christina L Stallings, Christian Ducho, Sudeshna Roy

2020-Current year OA Pubs

MraY is an essential bacterial enzyme for peptidoglycan synthesis in cell walls and serves as a promising but unrealized target for developing effective antibacterial drugs. Nature has provided a remarkable array of nucleoside inhibitors of MraY, and researchers have skillfully refined these structures to develop inhibitors that effectively mimic natural products. Yet, both natural products and their synthetic variants often face challenges regarding inadequate

Pediatric Tuberculosis At An Urban Hospital In Haiti: Nursing Implications, Jocelyne Arnoux Fréderic, Margarett Alexandre, Becky M. Baird, Ellen L. Palmer, Mary Gilliland, Charla Edwards

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Purpose Statement: This project assessed the demographics, clinical features and treatment outcomes of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) at an urban children’s hospital in Haiti in 2023.

Background: TB is a global health problem and is the second leading cause of death after COVID-19. Ending the TB epidemic by 2035 is a health target of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated 1.25 million children became ill with TB. Haiti has the highest rate of TB in the Western Hemisphere with a 2023 incidence rate of 149 cases per 100,000 people compared to the …

Effects Of Short Text Message Reminders On Uptake Of Human Papillomavirus Vaccines, Irene C. Ugweje

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

HPV is a sexually transmitted infection linked to cervical and other cancers, but a vaccine can reduce its effects. The project site wanted to establish an evidence-based HPV vaccine intervention for adolescents due to poor uptake. This quality improvement project examined how Rand et al.'s text message reminder research affected HPV vaccination rates in 11–17-year-olds. A primary care clinic in metropolitan Maryland implemented the trial for 12 weeks. Doretha Orem's self-care deficit hypothesis and Cheryl B. Stetler's evidence-based practice reform methodology underpinned the initiative. The study included 522 adolescents: 372 in the comparing group and 150 in the implementation group. …

Chromoblastomycosis Of The Diabetic Foot: A Diagnostic Challenge, Edwardo Abrego Ii, Laura Ackerman, Mario Trujillo-Acosta

Research Colloquium

Background: Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a rare transcutaneous fungal infection, estimated to affect roughly 1 in 8 million Americans annually. CBM is considered an occupational disease in tropical climates for farm workers exposed to contaminated soil/plants. This infection has an insidious onset and can be recurrent, yielding verrucous/nodular lesions that can be mistaken with polymicrobial bacterial infections in diabetic patients. If not promptly diagnosed and treated, CBM can lead to malignant transformation, which places an emphasis on a thorough history as this can influence proper workup.

Case Presentation: A 66-year-old Hispanic insulin-dependent type II diabetic male presented to the …

A Puzzling Case Of Visual Disturbances Leads To A Fatal Neurodegenerative Diagnosis, Courtney J. Austin, Aaron Carrillo, Jennifer Rojas Huen, Victoria Parada

Research Colloquium

Background: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease in which early diagnosis is complicated by the presence of early non-specific and atypical presentations. Sporadic CJD (sCJD), the most common type of CJD, is caused by the spread of a disease-forming prion known as PrPSc. PrPSc multiplies and binds to the normal form of prion, or PrP, converting it to an abnormal, structurally altered disease form that spreads throughout the brain. sCJD can initially present with six different phenotypes: cognitive, affective, classic, visual (Heidenhain variant), atactic (Oppenheimer-Brownell variant), and indeterminate. The classic presentation of CJD includes rapidly progressive dementia with …

Optimizing Antibiotic Stewardship In Pneumonia: Evidence-Based Protocols For Enhanced Treatment And Resistance Reduction In A University-Affiliated Community Hospital, Carlos Luis Alejos, Jennifer Rojas Huen, Joan Beatrice Capellan, Ricardo Serna, Tejaswini Swamy, Jose Campo Maldonado

Research Colloquium

Introduction: National guidelines recommend early, targeted diagnostics such as respiratory viral panels, procalcitonin testing, Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal swabs, and sputum cultures, for the effective management of pneumonia. However, our retrospective review at a university-affiliated community hospital revealed inconsistent application of these tools. These may contribute to excessive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, higher costs, and increased antimicrobial resistance. The reason is that we aim to implement a standardized pneumonia order set in the electronic medical record (EMR) to improve diagnostic accuracy and antibiotic stewardship.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of adult inpatients admitted with community-acquired, hospital-acquired, …

Progressive Pulmonary Sarcoidosis In A Young Adult Mimicking Miliary Tuberculosis: A Case Report And Literature Review, Aura M. C. Calderon, Luis Salcedo, Ivan Mogollon, Francisco Arias, Juan Pablo Gomez

Research Colloquium

Introduction: Pulmonary sarcoidosis can pose considerable diagnostic challenges, particularly in young adults hailing from regions endemic to tuberculosis (TB), wherein radiographic manifestations may closely mimic those of miliary TB. This case underscores the necessity of sustaining an extensive differential diagnosis and accentuates the critical role of histological verification in the assessment of diffuse pulmonary micronodular infiltrates, especially in instances where the infectious workup yields negative results.

Case Report: A 26-year-old male from the Democratic Republic of Congo, with no significant medical history, presented with a 10–12 month history of chronic dry cough and exertional dyspnea. He denied fever, weight loss, …

Ethical Issues Involved In Solid Organ Xenotransplantation., Daniel J Hurst, Chris Bobier, Luz A Padilla

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

Xenotransplantation (specifically, genetically modified pig-to-human transplant of organs, tissues, or cells) clinical trials are set to begin in the United States after decades of pre-clinical studies and recent decedent and compassionate use investigations. This article provides a primer on the key ethical issues attendant with this emerging therapy. We explore four central areas of concern: (i) the use of animals to meet human transplant needs, as well as their welfare since they are housed in non-natural conditions, (ii) the risk of infectious disease transfer from the porcine graft to the human recipient, known as xenozoonosis, (iii) patient selection criteria for …

Differential Effects Of Macrophage Subtype-Specific Cytokines On Fibroblast Proliferation And Endothelial Cell Function In Co-Culture System, Phillip Mcclellan, Thomas R. Wong, Sara Hijaz, David R. Fletcher, Ozan Akkus, Tracey L. Bonfield, James M. Anderson, Adonis Hijaz

Faculty Scholarship

Macrophages are involved in several critical activities associated with tissue repair and regeneration. Current approaches in regenerative medicine are focusing on leveraging the innate immune response to accelerate tissue regeneration and improve long-term healing outcomes. Of particular interest in this regard are the currently known, four main M2 macrophage subtypes: M2interleukin (IL)-4,IL-13, M2IC, M2IL-10, M2non-selective adenosine receptor agonists (NECA) (M2IL-4,IL-13 → M2(NECA). In this study, rat bone marrow-derived macrophages (M₀) were polarized to each of the four subtypes M2IL-4,IL-13 → M2NECA and cultured for 72 h in vitro. Luminex assay results highlighted increased production of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) …

Abnormal Invasive Hemodynamics In Heart Transplant Recipients, Navin Rajagopalan, Donna R. Dennis, Julia Akhtarekhavari, Kenneth Campbell

Physiology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND Few studies have quantified invasive hemodynamic parameters in post heart transplant recipients. AIM To report the incidence of abnormal hemodynamics in heart transplant recipients at 1-year and 3-year post-transplant and determine if there was any correlation with recipient and donor characteristics. METHODS Data from 279 consecutive heart transplant recipients from 2007 through 2020 were analyzed. Clinical variables regarding both recipients and donors as well as hemodynamic variables obtained via right heart catheterization during 1-year and 3-year annual testing were recorded. Simple and multiple linear regression tests were used to determine how recipient and donor variables influenced hemodynamic parameters at …

Perceived Knowledge And Confidence Of Beta-Lactam Allergy Management Among Pharmacy Students On Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences., Jamie L Wagner, David R Oliver, Bruce M Jones, Kayla R Stover, Misha T Watts, Wesley D Kufel, Lena Mcdowell, Edo-Abasi U. Mcgee, T Lynn Stevenson, Christopher M Bland

PCOM Scholarly Works

Pharmacist engagement in allergy clarification has demonstrated increased appropriate antibiotic use. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge and confidence of pharmacy students in their final professional year regarding beta-lactam (BL) allergies. Students from 5 schools of pharmacy participated in a 22-question survey pertaining to experience with drug allergies, knowledge of BL allergies, and confidence regarding BL allergy management. Data were summarized among all respondents and further analyzed by infectious disease (ID) interest. A total of 160/521 students responded to the survey (31%). Most students (73%) had no course dedicated to drug allergies; however, 84% indicated the …

Validity Of Cephalosporin Skin Prick Testing In Children With Self-Reported Cephalosporin Allergy: A Cross-Sectional Study, Bashar Talib Huweidy, Bashar I. Mohammed, Jessar Saleem Hasan, Ghaith Wadhah Hamdoon

Al-Ameed Journal for Medical Research and Health Sciences

Background: A comprehensive study evaluated the risk of nonunion per fracture in a population of over four million adults and determined that rates vary depending on patients' risk factors, nonunion rates can reach in excess of 10%. This study aims to address the issue by scrutinizing the demographic characteristics of patients, pinpointing the biological risk factors for long bone nonunion and evaluating the nonunion management effectiveness. Methods: This analytical, observational retrospective cohort study used medical record data from a regional hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia (2020–2023), involving 147 eligible patients. Data were analyzed using logistic regression with a significance level of …

Refractory Neutropenic Fevers In Aml: Unmasking Voriconazole-Resistant Invasive Aspergillosis, Abdel Martinez Borrego, Sahir Bhatti, Cesar Gutierrez

Research Colloquium

Background: Persistent fever in neutropenic patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) often raises concern for invasive fungal infections (IFIs), especially when unresponsive to broad-spectrum antibiotics and first-line antifungal agents like voriconazole. Invasive aspergillosis (IA), primarily caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in this population, with mortality rates exceeding 50% in refractory cases. The emergence of azole-resistant Aspergillus, now reported in up to 10–15% of isolates in some regions, has complicated management. Patients may present with nonspecific symptoms such as persistent fevers, as well as concerning findings like cutaneous lesions—a clue to hematogenous spread—and …