Digital Commons Network^™

Killing Manong Johnny, Lakan Umali

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

Ekphrasis By Sand, Buwan Sayajon

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

Saranghae, Monina Morales!, Kaisa Aquino

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

The Little Mermaid, Alpine Christopher Patio Moldez

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

Practical Applications And Theoretical Possibilities On The Study Of Kapres Of The Sociedad Científica, Christian Jil Benitez

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

Mga Praktikal Na Aplikasyon At Teoretikal Na Landasin Ng Mga Pag-Aaral Sa Kapre Ng Sociedad Cientifica, Alvin Yapan

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

A Rose In The Rubble, Francezca Kwe

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

Toward Somewhere Livable: Contemporary Filipino Fiction Against Primers Of Values, Edgar Calabia Samar

Kritika Kultura

This introduction to the Kritika Kultura special issue positions contemporary Filipino fiction as a counter-practice to state-driven moral discourses that flatten history, depoliticize crisis, and naturalize inequity. Reading against the NCCA’s Filipino Values for the Common Good, the essay argues that literary work in Filipino refuses the primer’s rhetoric of timeless virtues by foregrounding structural violence, decolonial epistemologies, and the uneven terrains of translation. Through close attention to the nine selected works written originally in Filipino— and to the English translations that accompany them—the introduction shows how fiction enacts a literacy of refusal that interrupts the coercive demands of state, …

In The Trenches: The Value Of Value In Contemporary Philippine Fiction, Glenn Diaz

Kritika Kultura

In this critical introduction, I investigate the possibilities in as well as the potential limits of the notion of “halaga” or value in thinking about the works that are part of this Kritika Kultura special literary section on contemporary Philippine fiction. I argue that the value of value as a critical paradigm is simultaneously formal, political, thematic, and practical, as much an aesthetic curiosity as it is a discursive dilemma, and that any inquiry into what is valued in Philippine fiction today necessarily inquires into how one lives at a fraught historical moment marked by persistent structural violence. I situate …

Exploring K-Pop Fandom As A Space Of Support: The Case Of Lgbtq+ Fans From Australia And The Philippines During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Thomas Baudinette, Kelsey Scholes

Kritika Kultura

This article draws upon qualitative interviews with seventeen LGBTQ+ individuals to explore the role of K-pop fandom in providing support to queer communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article adds a new critical perspective into academic and journalistic accounts of K-pop fandom to insist on K-pop consumption as a practice that fundamentally improves fans’ mental health. Beginning by establishing how K-pop fandom spaces, particularly on social media, were considered to already support LGBTQ+ fans’ attempts to make sense of their gendered and sexual identities under societal heteronormativity, the article details specific benefits that LGBTQ+ fans experienced with regard to their …

Red Flag In The Pearl Of The Orient?: The Image Of China In The Philippine Periodical La Solidaridad (1889-1895), Lois Mauri Anne Liwanag, Tiffany Ritz Mendoza, Sophia Marie Enriquez, Vianca Jamyla Joven, Leslie Anne Liwanag, Michael Charleston "Xiao" Chua

Kritika Kultura

This paper attempts to deduce how certain articles in La Solidaridad that specifically discussed China present a general image of the said Celestial Empire. Its significance lies in the fact that it can provide further knowledge of how Filipino intellectuals of that time perceive the Philippines in relation to its neighbors in Asia as well as the dynamics of the region’s political situation. This article is also important due to its potential to provide a Filipino perception of China before it was altered by the Philippine-Chinese territorial conflict that emerged during the latter part of twentieth century. This paper has …

Symbolism In Liu Yichang’S Inside The Temple, Lingshuang Lai, Yue Zhang

Kritika Kultura

Liu Yichang’s (刘以鬯, 1918–2018) novella Inside the Temple (Sinei; 寺内), has been widely regarded, along with The Drunkard (Jiutu; 酒徒) and Intersection (Duidao; 对倒), as one of the best representatives of Liu’s work due to its narrative completeness and unique literary style. This article explores the symbols that Liu adopts in Sinei as he merges Western stream-of-consciousness techniques with Chinese poetic language. Liu’s synthesis offers fresh insight into humanity, life, and society from two perspectives: “abstract” and “concrete.” Certain images in the novella carry an “abstract” geometric quality and can be categorized as either symbols of the “straight line” (zhixian; …

Towards A Trans-Ethnic Representation Of Survival: Illness And Medical Writing In The Rag Doll Plagues, Qianqian Xu, Baojie Li

Kritika Kultura

As a peculiar condition affecting the body or mind, illness is an inescapable aspect of human existence. While intimately connected to the body, it does not belong solely to the domain of natural science. Instead, illness is a phenomenon inherently embedded in power relations and cannot be understood without the influence of external factors such as politics, religion, ideology, and economics. In Alejandro Morales’s historical novel The Rag Doll Plagues, the diachronic histories of different geographic spaces intersect synchronically due to the pervasive presence of human disease. Morales invites readers to explore the interplay between illness— particularly epidemic and pandemic …

Whose Story Is It? Postcolonial Racialization, Social (Im)Mobility, And Crony Capitalism In Tash Aw’S Five Star Billionaire, Chi Miao

Kritika Kultura

Malaysian Chinese author Tash Aw’s novel Five Star Billionaire narrates the stories of five Malaysian Chinese individuals striving to establish themselves in Shanghai by seeking opportunities for advancement, economic prosperity, and personal transformation. Drawing from Dan Shen’s narratological theory of dual narrative dynamics, which states how texts can have overt and covert narrative progressions, this article elucidates the novel’s hidden agenda by exploring how the characters’ experiences in contemporary China are intricately connected to their past in Malaysia. If interpreted according to the narrative’s overt progression, Five Star Billionaire depicts individuals who are enticed and ensnared by the forces of …

Restoring A Cultural Wetland With Poetry: How Huahai Writes And Acts With A Chinese Environmental Conscious, Qingqi Wei

Kritika Kultura

My translation of Huahai—a Chinese ecological poet who is both an artist and activist—has revealed his environmental insights that are meant to be ecocritical, cross-cultural, and practically constructive. His “Twenty-Four Solar Terms”1 sound structurally at a natural pace with the seasonal changes, tune the poetic rhythms with those of the solar terms, and exude the essence of national culture without preaching archaic and complex moralities. Equally important is the poet’s anxieties based on a broader context of climate change in that he critically emphasizes excessive human activities. His concerns with global warming explicitly strike a chord with contemporary readers during …

Pilosopiko-Hermeneutikong Pagbasa Sa Mga Kaisipan Nina Bonifacio P. Sibayan, Ernesto A. Constantino, At Andrew B. Gonzalez, Fsc Hinggil Sa Wikang Panturo Sa Sistemang Pang-Edukasyon Ng Pilipinas, Jay Israel De Leon

Kritika Kultura

Pinag-aralan sa papel na ito ang kaisipan ng tatlong Pilipinong lingguwista na sina Bonifacio P. Sibayan (1916-2005), Ernesto A. Constantino (1930-2016), at Andrew B. Gonzalez, FSC (1940-2006) hinggil sa wikang panturo sa sistemang pang-edukasyon ng Pilipinas. Sa pangkalahatan, nilayon ng pag-aaral na tukuyin ang mga pagkakasundo at di-pagkakasundo ng mga pananaw ng tatlong lingguwista mula sa isang diyalohikong pagbasa sa lente ng pilosopikal na hermeneutika ni Hans-Georg Gadamer. Ipinalagay ni Gadamer na ang bawat isang inidibidwal ay may sariling “abot-tanaw” o saklaw ng paningin mula sa isang partikular na punto de bista, kabilang na ang kaniyang mga kaalaman, damdamin, at …

Introduction, Vincenz Serrano

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

Front Matter, Kritika Kultura

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

Belliphonic Tolkien: Listening To The Wars In Middle-Earth, Ali Mirzabayati

Journal of Tolkien Research

This paper explores the belliphonic—the sonic dimension of warfare—in J. R. R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings, focusing on the Battle of the Pelennor Fields. While modern warfare studies emphasize the sounds of mechanized combat, the acoustic landscapes of ancient and medieval battles remain understudied. Drawing on recent scholarship by Clauss, Lummer, Potthoff, and Pretzer, this study situates Tolkien’s soundscapes within both historical and mythological traditions. Tolkien’s immersion in classical, Anglo-Saxon, and Norse literature, combined with his experience of World War I, enabled him to create richly layered battle sounds in which horns, cries, silence, and environmental …

Judicial Discretion And Ultra Petita In Employment Termination Cases: Lessons From Dutch Arbitration System, Laode Muhammad Sabur, Abdul Razak, Hamzah Halim, Jamhur

Hasanuddin Law Review

The principle of ex aequo et bono occupies a unique position within Indonesia’s legal landscape: although not expressly codified, it is increasingly invoked by judges to pursue substantive justice in employment termination disputes. This judicial practice, however, raises concerns regarding legal certainty and the boundaries of judicial authority, especially when decisions extend beyond the parties’ claims and risk violating the ultra petita doctrine. This article examines the application of ex aequo et bono in Indonesian labor courts through a normative legal analysis, using both comparative and conceptual approaches. A focal point of the study is Supreme Court Decision No. 223 …

Sharenting In Malaysia: Balancing Parental Rights And Children’S Privacy In The Digital Age, Siti Zaharah Jamaluddin, Mohammad Abu Taher, Iman Syamil Ahmad Rujhan

Hasanuddin Law Review

This study explores the phenomenon of “sharenting,” the widespread practice of parents sharing information, photos, and videos of their children online, within the Malaysian context. As social media becomes deeply embedded in daily life, sharenting serves as a common means for parents to document and share their parenting journey. However, this practice raises significant concerns about striking a balance between parental rights and children’s rights to privacy, consent, and protection from long-term digital exposure. While Malaysian parents often view sharenting as an expression of their rights, it may inadvertently infringe upon the child’s autonomy and digital footprint, which is permanent …

Energetics And Kinetics Of Alkali Ion Exchange In Analcime, Jinyi Liu, An T. Ta, R. Seaton Ullberg, Jean Wilfried Hounfodji, Michael Badawi, Hans Conrad Zur Loye, Simon R. Phillpot

Faculty Publications

We employ density functional theory calculations to investigate the energetics and diffusion mechanisms of alkali metal ions (Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺, and Cs⁺) within the analcime framework. While Na⁺preferentially adsorbs at the center of the 8-member ring, DFT calculations show that larger ions, such as Cs⁺, occupy the center of the cage due to steric constraints. The computed exchange energies indicate that exchange of Na⁺by Cs⁺is thermodynamically favorable. Migration energy barriers, determined using the climbing image nudged elastic band method, show that Na⁺is …

The Economics Of Liability In Low Orbit Satellites, Mitchell Rieder

Student Work

This paper aims to answer three main questions regarding this proportional liability approach:

• What is the microeconomic perspective of utilizing proportional liability, and how can it be applied to the LEOS industry?
• What are the benefits of such an approach? How do these benefits differ from existing policy propositions?
• What steps are necessary before proportional liability can be implemented?

Through the evaluation of these questions, this paper seeks to demonstrate the policy viability of proportional liability, additionally showing that this policy will perform in much the same way as a standard Pigouvian tax, which existing research has evaluated though differing …

Compliance With International Humanitarian Law And Peacebuilding In Post-Conflict Kosovo, Avni H. Alidemaj, Alban Maliqi, Johne Doone, Valdon Bytyci

Hasanuddin Law Review

Unprecedented violent conflicts occurred worldwide during the 20th century. Millions of lives lost, infrastructure destroyed, and generational effects on post-conflict nations. Meanwhile, international humanitarian law was developed to reduce conflict damage. Government parties to International Humanitarian Law (IHL) conventions have enforceable obligations to implement, promote, and perform their duties, helping to promote their wider recognition and enforcement. During the Kosovo conflict, Serbian military commanders and the police violated international humanitarian law by breaking fundamental precepts. The study of the Kosovo conflict prioritizes criminal accountability and historical documentation over the enduring societal consequences of violations of IHL. There are not many …

Shaping The Labor Market Of Vietnam In The Age Of Artificial Intelligence: Comparative Insights From The European Union, Hong Nhung Pham, Thi Thuy Lam Tran

Hasanuddin Law Review

The right to work has always been a fundamental right of human which was recorded in law documents. However, the recent development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has created an issue that it may affect the domestic and international labor markets. In Vietnam, where over half of the population participates in the labor force, the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to significantly reshape both employment dynamics and the regulatory landscape. While AI presents opportunities to create new types of employment, it simultaneously threatens to displace existing jobs, particularly among low-skilled and vulnerable workers. Despite the growing relevance of …

Design Of Hydrogen Powered High Altitude Canard-Wing Aircraft For Aerosol Injection Into The Stratosphere, Edward N. Hogea

Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Independent Study

This paper presents the conceptual design and preliminary performance assessment of a hydrogen-powered, high-altitude canard-wing aircraft intended for stratospheric aerosol injection missions. The aircraft is designed to deliver a 50,000 lb aerosol payload at 65,000 ft while sustaining cruise for approximately 3.5 hours. Liquid hydrogen propulsion is employed to eliminate carbon dioxide emissions, minimizing the aircraft's environmental footprint and enhancing the climate impact of the stratospheric aerosol injection mission. An iterative design process using established aircraft sizing methods and RDSwin was conducted to refine the geometry, propulsion, weights, aerodynamics, stability, and mission capabilities of this aircraft. The final configuration features …

Design Of Hydrogen Powered High Altitude Conventional Tube-Wing Aircraft For Aerosol Injection In Stratosphere, Raymond J. Hogea

Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Independent Study

This paper presents the conceptual design and performance analysis of a hydrogen-powered, high-altitude aircraft developed for long-endurance aerosol dispersion missions. Raymer’s methodology is used for initial sizing of the aircraft, followed by utilizing a hybrid weight estimation method comparing the Raymer, Torenbeek, NASA, and Roskam weight estimation methodologies to create a robust weight estimation. Analysis of aerodynamic, propulsion, weight, stability, and mission performance is conducted in RDSwin to demonstrate a sustained operation for a mission including a 65,000 ft altitude, 3.5-hour cruise segment for dispersing a 50,000 lb aerosol payload. Numerous iterations of the aircraft are performed to refine aircraft …

Economic Sanctions In International Arbitration Proceedings, Admir Muratović

Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review

The world is witnessing the imposition of new economic sanctions on an every-day basis. After the Russian annexation of the Crimean Peninsula in 2014, and in particular with the invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the issue of economic sanctions received an upsurge of public scrutiny. Russian investors and companies, a number of which are facing economic sanctions, do substantial businesses in States that imposed sanctions targeting them. At the same time, Russian entities have established business relationships with corporations originating in such States. On the other hand, after the Crimea annexation, Russia adopted certain measures to counter the effect …

Society For Immunotherapy Of Cancer: Standards For Reporting Of Multiplex Immunohistochemistry/Immunofluorescence Assays (Stormi), Sam Sater, Carlo B Bifulco, Jaime Rodriguez-Canales, Joe Yeong, Guray Akturk, Michael Angelo, Carmen Ballesteros-Merino, Peter Bankhead, Subham Basu, Jorge M Blando, Saska Brajkovic, Marco Cassano, Benjamin J Chen, Ahmet F Coskun, Tricia R Cottrell, Carlos E De Andrea, Robin H Edwards, Colt Egelston, Logan L Engle, Marc S Ernstoff, Rong Fan, Michael Feldman, Bernard A Fox, Jerome Galon, Robyn Gartrell, Sacha Gnjatic, Benjamin F Green, James L Gulley, Anne Hellebust, Stephen Hewitt, Travis J Hollmann, Lucas A Horn, William J Howat, Clifford C Hoyt, Shawn M Jensen, Arutha Kulasinghe, Wiem Lassoued, Steven Lott, James Mansfield, Sebastian Marwitz, George Netto, David B Page, Edwin Parra, David L Rimm, Scott J Rodig, Roberto Salgado, Denis Schapiro, Kurt A Schalper, Joel C Sunshine, Michael J Surace, Alexander S Szalay, Magdalena Thurin, Jose C Villasboas, Keith Wharton, Ignacio I Wistuba, Jennifer H Yearley, Yinyin Yuan, Geroge Zaki, James Ziai, Janis M Taube

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Multiplex immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry (mIF/IHC) are increasingly employed antibody-based technologies that use tissue sparingly and facilitate the detection of co-localized or neighboring biomarkers. Specifically, these platforms enable spatial analyses of the tumor microenvironment as well as extended applications, for example, describing normal tissue anatomy, autoimmunity, infectious diseases, etc. mIF/IHC has greatly enhanced biomarker discovery efforts, and a growing number of studies suggest superiority to traditional IHC. Standardization of staining approaches, reporting of image analysis strategies and resultant data is critical for facilitating cross-study comparisons, validation, deployment, and generalization of findings. To address this challenge, The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer …

Efficacy Of Intravenous Immunoglobulin In Patients With Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy With Or Without Diabetes: Insights From A Multicenter Prospective Comparative Study., Samir P. Macwan, Shalini Mahajan, Peter Novak, Khosro Farhad, Ericka Wong, Thomas H. Brannagan, Sohail Masood, Fawad Piracha, Marinos C. Dalakas

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is the most frequently observed autoimmune neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). While intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) is a well-established treatment for CIDP, its efficacy in diabetic patients remains uncertain due to their exclusion from prior randomized trials, largely because of concerns about confounding diabetic axonal neuropathy.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of IVIG therapy in CIDP patients with diabetes mellitus (CIDP-DM) compared to those without diabetes (CIDP).

DESIGN: Multi-center, prospective, observational study after at least 3 monthly infusions of IVIG therapy.

METHODS: Thirty-six patients meeting diagnostic criteria for CIDP were enrolled and …