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2025

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A Burial Cave From The Third–Early Fourth Centuries Ce At Iqrit (Pp. 59–96), Fanny Vitto Jan 2025

A Burial Cave From The Third–Early Fourth Centuries Ce At Iqrit (Pp. 59–96), Fanny Vitto

'Atiqot

A rock-cut chamber-tomb with plain kokhim, dating to the Late Roman period, was excavated at the site of Iqrit in Upper Galilee. In the tomb were found 26 coins, made of bronze, silver and billon, complete glass vessels—of them an askos-shaped bottle is worth of mention—and gold, silver and bronze jewelry. One of the rings was set with a jasper gem depicting a warrior, apparently personifying Alexander the Great. The cave probably belonged to a family who used it for slightly more than a century, from the end of the second to the early fourth centuries CE. The relatively large …

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A Local Imitation Of A Neo-Babylonian Stamp Seal From A Burial Cave Near Gelilot (Pp. 53–57), Tallay Ornan Jan 2025

A Local Imitation Of A Neo-Babylonian Stamp Seal From A Burial Cave Near Gelilot (Pp. 53–57), Tallay Ornan

'Atiqot

A burial cave, dating to the second–fourth centuries CE was uncovered at Gelilot in the central coastal plain. Within the finds in the cave was a reused, local imitation of a Neo-Babylonian stamp seal. The impression on the seal shows a common, sixth–fifth century BCE Neo-Babylonian theme of a worshipper in front of the symbols of the gods Marduk and Nabu. The schematized style of the seal, the choice of material (black serpentine) and lack of celestial symbols point to its being a local production.

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A Middle Bronze Age Tomb At Kibbutz Ma‘Alē Ha-Hamisha (Hebrew, Pp. 15*–20*; English Summary, P. 170), Yitzhaq Meitlis Jan 2025

A Middle Bronze Age Tomb At Kibbutz Ma‘Alē Ha-Hamisha (Hebrew, Pp. 15*–20*; English Summary, P. 170), Yitzhaq Meitlis

'Atiqot

A tomb, unearthed in Kibbutz Ma‘ale Ha-Hamisha, was completely preserved, dating from Middle Bronze Age IIA–B. The tomb yielded numerous finds, some of which were intact. Worth of mention are a Tell el-Yahudiyeh juglet, exhibiting a non-frequent decoration, a rare two-handled amphoriskos and a dagger made of arsenic copper. The finds from the tomb correspond typologically and geographically to the finds in the tombs at nearby Moza.

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Animal Bone Remains From Fassuta (Pp. 51–52), Liora Kolska Horwitz Jan 2025

Animal Bone Remains From Fassuta (Pp. 51–52), Liora Kolska Horwitz

'Atiqot

A total of 39 animal bones were recovered from the Middle Bronze Age tombs at Fassuta. The bone sample, although small, closely resembles fauna recovered from contemporary tombs in the country. The remains of domestic sheep and goats are most common in the assemblage, with immature animals predominant.

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Middle Bronze Age Tombs At Fassuta (Pp. 17–42), Lilly Gershuni, Mordechai Aviam Jan 2025

Middle Bronze Age Tombs At Fassuta (Pp. 17–42), Lilly Gershuni, Mordechai Aviam

'Atiqot

Located in the northern upper Galilee, the ancient site was established on a hill named Fasil Danyal, in the vicinity of which are several springs. A salvage excavation was undertaken in two built tombs, damaged during construction in the village of Fassuta. Tomb 1 is rock-cut, rectangular-shaped and covered with limestone slabs. It contained pottery vessels, metal artifacts — among them weapons and a bronze belt and buckle — and a steatite scarab of Neferhotep I (an heirloom). Tomb 2 is much smaller, consisting of only a modest content, including a votive bowl. The tombs were probably part of a …

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The Metal Objects From Fassuta (Pp. 43–49), Sariel Shalev Jan 2025

The Metal Objects From Fassuta (Pp. 43–49), Sariel Shalev

'Atiqot

Six of the metal items recovered from Tomb 1 at Fassuta were sampled and analyzed. The chemical analysis revealed that five of the items were made of tin bronze and one item, a shaft-hole axe, was made of arsenic copper with lead. Interestingly, it was noted that during the Middle Bronze Age levels of lead at 4% or more are only found in this type of axe and in the duckbill-shaped axe. It can be said that the metallurgical profiles of the objects from Fassuta well fit our knowledge of archaeometallurgy of MB I (MB IIA).

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The Early Bronze Age Site Of Me‘Ona In The Western Galilee (Hellenistic Amphora Fragments, By Gerald Finkielsztejn) (Pp. 1–15), Eliot Braun Jan 2025

The Early Bronze Age Site Of Me‘Ona In The Western Galilee (Hellenistic Amphora Fragments, By Gerald Finkielsztejn) (Pp. 1–15), Eliot Braun

'Atiqot

This Early Bronze Age site is mostly covered by the modern cemetery of Moshav Me‘ona in the western Galilee. Soundings conducted at the site revealed a considerable quantity of artifacts, mostly potsherds, but also flint, a basalt bowl and a bone cylinder, dating to Early Bronze Age I and II. The pottery types in the assemblage suggest that the western Galilee is a region with distinct ceramic styles in EB I. The site seems to have been abandoned at the end of EB II, as there is no sign of activity in EB III. Later, in the Hellenistic and Roman–Byzantine …

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A Salvage Excavation Near Tel Regev (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–14*; English Summary, P. 169), Zach Horovich, Doron Lipkunsky Jan 2025

A Salvage Excavation Near Tel Regev (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–14*; English Summary, P. 169), Zach Horovich, Doron Lipkunsky

'Atiqot

In a salvage excavation conducted north of Tel Regev, at the foot of the Carmel Ridge, two strata were exposed, dating from the Early Bronze Age and the Byzantine period. An artificial fill, comprising a compact, uniform layer of crushed lime, was unearthed, containing an abundance of EB I–III sherds. It was evidently constructed with debris from the adjacent tell, probably serving a non-military rampart, built to protect the tell from flooding by nearby Naḥal Zippori. Based on the finds, it seems that the “rampart” was built toward the end of the Early Bronze Age.

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The Glass Finds From Arab Kefar Sava (Pp. 127–130), Natalya Katsnelson Jan 2025

The Glass Finds From Arab Kefar Sava (Pp. 127–130), Natalya Katsnelson

'Atiqot

The site excavated at Kefar Sava yielded 42 poorly preserved glass items, which originated in the Early Islamic period occupation and in the Ottoman-period cemetery. In addition, small chunks of raw glass, found together with minor remnants of blown vessels, might attest to glass production in the area during the Byzantine–Early Islamic periods. These finds complement Ayalon’s findings in his surveys, which pointed at evidence of glass production in the Kefar Sava area.

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Glass Artifacts From Tomb 7 At Fardisya (East) (Hebrew, Pp. 75*–82*; English Summary, P. 138), Yael Gorin-Rosen Jan 2025

Glass Artifacts From Tomb 7 At Fardisya (East) (Hebrew, Pp. 75*–82*; English Summary, P. 138), Yael Gorin-Rosen

'Atiqot

Tomb 7, of the double-arcosolia type, excavated at Fardisya, yielded one-hundred glass vessels and glass jewelry. All the vessels were free blown, except for one that was mold-blown. Most of the vessels represent well-known types, probably produced in the region during the Late Roman period (late third–first half of fourth centuries CE). Among the finds is a rare bottle of light green glass with three legs.

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An Early Islamic Site And A Late Islamic Cemetery In Arab Kefar Sava (Hebrew, Pp. 83*–96*; English Summary, Pp. 139–140), Amir Gorzalczany Jan 2025

An Early Islamic Site And A Late Islamic Cemetery In Arab Kefar Sava (Hebrew, Pp. 83*–96*; English Summary, Pp. 139–140), Amir Gorzalczany

'Atiqot

In a trial excavation at Kefar Sava two strata were exposed, including part of a kiln, probably the firing chamber of a pottery kiln dating to the eighth–eleventh centuries CE, and 24 pit graves from the Late Islamic period. All the graves were used for single, primary burials. Two burial groups were identified: one group of tombs was oriented east–west, while another group was oriented northeast–southwest. The deviation of the tombs’ axes was probably the result of an attempt to match the position of the sunrise during the various seasons. Burial gifts included glass vessels, pieces of cloth and coins.

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Or ‘Aqiva: Remains Of A Farming Complex And Irrigation System From The End Of The Byzantine–Beginning Of The Early Islamic Periods In The Agricultural Hinterlandof Caesarea (Hebrew, Pp. 49*–60*; English Summary, Pp. 133–134), Uzi Ad Jan 2025

Or ‘Aqiva: Remains Of A Farming Complex And Irrigation System From The End Of The Byzantine–Beginning Of The Early Islamic Periods In The Agricultural Hinterlandof Caesarea (Hebrew, Pp. 49*–60*; English Summary, Pp. 133–134), Uzi Ad

'Atiqot

Salvage excavations in the northern industrial zone of Or ‘Aqiva unearthed a complex belonging to the agricultural hinterland of Caesarea during the late Byzantine–Early Islamic periods. The complex included a building, a well, a water channel, a large round plaza and walls that delimited paths in the cultivated area. The finds included pottery, glass vessels and coins, mainly dating to the late Byzantine–Early Islamic periods. The architectural finds and the impressive size of the round plaza imply that the complex was built under state initiative. The irrigation system exposed here is the fist evidence of agricultural activity in a region …

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Tombs, Quarries And Agricultural Installations At Fardisya (East) (Hebrew, Pp. 61*–74*; English Summary, Pp. 135–137), Boaz Zissu, Haim Moyal, Amir Ganor Jan 2025

Tombs, Quarries And Agricultural Installations At Fardisya (East) (Hebrew, Pp. 61*–74*; English Summary, Pp. 135–137), Boaz Zissu, Haim Moyal, Amir Ganor

'Atiqot

At Fardisya, in western Samaria, two concentrations of rock-hewn installations were recovered, including winepresses, tombs, quarries, a limekiln, game boards and cupmarks. The finds in Winepress 1 and in double-arcosolia Tomb 7 date to the Late Roman–Byzantine periods.

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Two Horn-Shaped Glass Vessels From The Ancient Cemetery At Migdal Ha-‘Emeq (Pp. 123–126), Yael Gorin-Rosen Jan 2025

Two Horn-Shaped Glass Vessels From The Ancient Cemetery At Migdal Ha-‘Emeq (Pp. 123–126), Yael Gorin-Rosen

'Atiqot

Two horn-shaped vessels, recovered from the Migdal Ha-‘Emeq caves, represent a rare type that was here-to-far known only from collections around the world. Both horns are mold-blown, decorated with ribbing, dating from the fourth to the early fifth centuries CE. As these horns were found in situ, they were dated both on the basis of their typology and archaeological context. It is suggested that the horn-shaped vessels were locally produced in a glass workshop situated in the Lower Galilee.

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The Ancient Cemetery At Migdal Ha‘Emeq (El-Mujeidil) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–47*; English Summary, Pp. 131–132), Ayelet Tatcher, Zvi Gal Jan 2025

The Ancient Cemetery At Migdal Ha‘Emeq (El-Mujeidil) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–47*; English Summary, Pp. 131–132), Ayelet Tatcher, Zvi Gal

'Atiqot

Sixteen tombs were excavated in the northern part of the city of Migdal Ha-‘Emeq in the Galilee. These rock-hewn tombs belong to a large cemetery, which was used during the Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine and Early Islamic periods; a secondary use of the tombs was made during the Mamluk and Ottoman periods. Tow tomb groups were documented: the early tombs comprised loculi (kokhim) and were sealed by a roll stone; the later tombs comprised arcosolia with burial troughs and their opening was frequently sealed by a roll stone. The finds within the tombs—a limestone ossuary, an oil lamp decorated with a …

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The Coins From Tel ‘Afar (Pp. 119–122), Gabriela Bijovsky Jan 2025

The Coins From Tel ‘Afar (Pp. 119–122), Gabriela Bijovsky

'Atiqot

A total of 55 coins were found in the excavations of Tel ‘Afar, only 14 were identifiable. The coin assemblage is quite homogeneous, dating from the end of the fourth to the end of the sixth centuries CE, including four North African minimi.

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Byzantine-Period Coins From The Sea At Dor (Pp. 81–94), Danny Syon, Ehud Galili Jan 2025

Byzantine-Period Coins From The Sea At Dor (Pp. 81–94), Danny Syon, Ehud Galili

'Atiqot

Underwater rescue surveys, carried out in the southern anchorage at Dor, revealed a Byzantine-period assemblage, which was probably part of a ship’s cargo. The numismatic finds include 28 bronze coins and a silver coin, as well as a hoard of 53 bronze coins. The coins represent almost all the Byzantine rulers that ruled the Empire, from Anastasius I to Constans II, including seventh-century Arab imitations. The mints represented are of the expected variety, e.g., Constantinopole, Antioch and Nicomedia. The coins may be divided into two parcels, one containing the early coins and the other, the later ones. One of the …

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Tel ‘Afar: A Byzantine Site South Of Caesarea (Pp. 95–118), Martin Peilstöcker Jan 2025

Tel ‘Afar: A Byzantine Site South Of Caesarea (Pp. 95–118), Martin Peilstöcker

'Atiqot

Salvage excavations at Tel ‘Afar, about six kilometers south of Caesarea, unearthed remains dating to the Byzantine period. A massive building was exposed, with square towers at its corners, buttresses on each side and two vaulted openings. The finds from the building and around it clearly date to the Byzantine period, but provide no clue to its use or function. Numerous roof tiles, marble fragments and many tessarae were found in all the excavated areas – they might belong to the building revealed during Porath’s excavations at the site, which he identified as a villa belonging to a wealthy citizen …

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The Coins From Or ‘Aqiva (North) (Pp. 75–79), Gabriela Bijovsky Jan 2025

The Coins From Or ‘Aqiva (North) (Pp. 75–79), Gabriela Bijovsky

'Atiqot

Forty-six coins were unearthed in the Or ‘Aqiva excavations, including a hoard of 22 coins. All the coins, from the hoard and isolated coins as well, were of bronze, except for a Ptolemaic silver tetradrachm. All the coins in the hoard, but one, are of the ‘Apollo Standing’ type, originally minted in Antioch. The Or ‘Aqiva coins date to the Hellenistic period, from the reign of Ptolemy II to that of Antioch III; no control marks were found, and thus, it is difficult to establish their mint classification.

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Excavations At Or ‘Aqiva (North) (With Contributions By Moshe Sade And Dror Segal And Israel Carmi) (Pp. 51–73), Eli Yannai Jan 2025

Excavations At Or ‘Aqiva (North) (With Contributions By Moshe Sade And Dror Segal And Israel Carmi) (Pp. 51–73), Eli Yannai

'Atiqot

The site is located on the sand dunes north of Naḥal Hadera, two kilometers northeast of Caesarea. Excavations revealed building remains from the Hellenistic period, consisting of limestone foundations with a mud-brick superstructure. Hundreds of potsherds from this period were found, representing a large variety of domestic vessels, as well as metal objects, a hoard of coins and faunal remains. After the Hellenistic settlement was abandoned, a limekiln of the Roman period was constructed in the area. The pottery from the kiln dated to the fourth century CE. A severely damaged winepress, dating to the Byzantine period, was uncovered close …

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A Sounding Near The Summit Of Gush Halav (Pp. 41–50), Samuel R. Wolff Jan 2025

A Sounding Near The Summit Of Gush Halav (Pp. 41–50), Samuel R. Wolff

'Atiqot

A small salvage excavation was undertaken on the summit of the hill of Gush Halav in the Upper Galilee. Meager architectural remains were uncovered, probably originating in the Late Roman–Byzantine periods, with later additions in the eleventh century CE. By the thirteenth century CE the architectural complex went out of use, as evidenced by the pottery finds. The pottery dates to Iron Age II, the Persian–Hellenistic, Late Roman–Byzantine, Fatimid and Crusader/Ayyubid periods.

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Results Of A Salvage Excavation At Kabri (Pp. 19–39), Dina Shalem Jan 2025

Results Of A Salvage Excavation At Kabri (Pp. 19–39), Dina Shalem

'Atiqot

Salvage excavations at Tel Kabri, located in the western Upper Galilee, revealed part of a Middle Bronze Age II fortification system and architectural remains from the Early Bronze Age and MB II. The pottery finds date to the Early Chalcolithic period, Early Bronze Age I, Middle Bronze Age II and Iron Age II.

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Late Chalcolithic Burial Remains And Early Bronze Age I Dwelling Remains From A Karstic Cave At Shoham (Northeast) (With Contributions By Yossi Nagar And Nili Liphschitz) (Pp. 1–18), Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink Jan 2025

Late Chalcolithic Burial Remains And Early Bronze Age I Dwelling Remains From A Karstic Cave At Shoham (Northeast) (With Contributions By Yossi Nagar And Nili Liphschitz) (Pp. 1–18), Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink

'Atiqot

Since the 1990s, excavations at Shoham, located at the eastern edge of the Lod Valley, yielded several karstic caves used for burial and dwelling during the Late Chalcolithic period and the Early Bronze Age. One such cave is described in this article. The finds included, inter alia, sherds of rectangular or domiform ceramic ossuaries, V-shaped bowls and some fenestrated pedestal bowls, dating to the Late Chalcolithic period, as well as pottery types typical of Late EB I. The cave is part of a large system of cemeteries comprising karstic caves, which served the population living in nearby settlements on the …

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The Upper Aqueduct To Jerusalem, The Church Of The Kathisma And Other Remains Near Hebron Road, Jerusalem (With A Contribution By Gabriela Bijovsky) (Hebrew, Pp. 69*–90*; English Summary, Pp. 160–162), Ya'akov Billig Jan 2025

The Upper Aqueduct To Jerusalem, The Church Of The Kathisma And Other Remains Near Hebron Road, Jerusalem (With A Contribution By Gabriela Bijovsky) (Hebrew, Pp. 69*–90*; English Summary, Pp. 160–162), Ya'akov Billig

'Atiqot

Sections of the Upper Aqueduct to Jerusalem were revealed while widening Hebron Road in Jerusalem, enabling a better understanding of its original route and date. Most of the finds scattered on surface level near the aqueduct—mainly pottery and coins—dated to the Late Roman and Byzantine periods; finds dating to the First and Second Temple periods were found as well. Other elements discovered during the excavation and surveys in the area include: agricultural terraces, burial caves, a winepress, a cistern and a quarry. In the surveyed area, at the site of Bir Qadismo, were numerous finds scattered on the surface, which …

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The Coins From Khirbat Burnat (Southwest) (Pp. 147–155), Gabriela Bijovsky Jan 2025

The Coins From Khirbat Burnat (Southwest) (Pp. 147–155), Gabriela Bijovsky

'Atiqot

Forty-seven coins were discovered in the excavation at Khirbat Burnat (Southwest); three were unidentifiable. The majority of the coins were found in the dwelling complex, and dated mostly to the Seleucid through the Early Roman periods. The assemblage also includes a few Late Roman, Byzantine and Mamluk coins. The numismatic finds show a clear predominance of Jewish coins struck in Jerusalem, and confirm the dating of the complex from the end of the second century BCE to the second century CE.

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Glass Vessels From The Late Hellenistic And Early Roman Periods At Khirbat Burnat (Southwest) (Pp. 141–146), Tamar Winter Jan 2025

Glass Vessels From The Late Hellenistic And Early Roman Periods At Khirbat Burnat (Southwest) (Pp. 141–146), Tamar Winter

'Atiqot

The excavation at Khirbat Burnat (Southwest) yielded some 90 small glass fragments, nearly two-thirds of them diagnostic. Most of the glass finds date from the Late Hellenistic (second half of the first century BCE) and Early Roman (second half of the first century CE) periods. Several pieces date from the Late Roman period, and a few, from the Byzantine period. Most of the Late Hellenistic and Early Roman vessels were free-blown, a few were cast, and one piece was mold-blown. The glass assemblage from Khirbat Burnat is typical of the Late Hellenistic and Early Roman periods; however, only few assemblages …

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Settlement Remains From The Late Hellenistic And Early Roman Periods At Khirbat Burnat (Southwest) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–68*; English Summary, Pp. 157–159), Hagit Torge Jan 2025

Settlement Remains From The Late Hellenistic And Early Roman Periods At Khirbat Burnat (Southwest) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–68*; English Summary, Pp. 157–159), Hagit Torge

'Atiqot

Excavations at Site 8a at Khirbat Burnat (Southwest), within the Modi‘in Region Industrial Zone, revealed remains of a simple oil press (bodeda) and a cooking pot dating to Iron Age II; fragmentary walls, potsherds, a stone altar and metal objects from the Persian period; and agricultural terraces and scattered finds from the Byzantine period. Most of the remains, however, belong to a large rural dwelling complex, which was occupied during the Late Hellenistic and Early Roman periods (second century BCE–second century CE). Nine buildings and three courtyards were identified, all founded on bedrock and connected with passageways. Several installations were …

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Er-Rujum (Sha‘Alabim East): An Intermediate Bronze Age (Eb Iv) Site In The Ayyalon Valley (Pp. 75–140), Ianir Milevski, Elisabetta Boaretto, Anat Cohen-Weinberger, Elisheva Kamaisky, Hamoudi Khalaily, Nili Liphschitz, Sariel Sade, Sariel Shalev Jan 2025

Er-Rujum (Sha‘Alabim East): An Intermediate Bronze Age (Eb Iv) Site In The Ayyalon Valley (Pp. 75–140), Ianir Milevski, Elisabetta Boaretto, Anat Cohen-Weinberger, Elisheva Kamaisky, Hamoudi Khalaily, Nili Liphschitz, Sariel Sade, Sariel Shalev

'Atiqot

At the site of Er-Rujum, located on the western slopes of the Ramallah Anticline in the northern part of the Ayyalon Valley, an Intermediate Bronze Age site was discovered below Ottoman-period rujums. The architecture at the site comprised broadrooms, with a central space and passages between them, demonstrating similarities with other Intermediate Bronze Age buildings excavated in the Jordan Valley and the Judean Hills. The finds at the site included pottery typical of the Southern Family, dominated by storage jars, flints, groundstone tools, a metal blade and beads, as well as faunal and botanical remains; pottery dating to Middle Bronze …

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The Early Bronze Age Iv Site At Sha‘Ar Ha-Golan (With A Contribution By Steven A. Rosen) (Pp. 1–73), Emanuel Eisenberg Jan 2025

The Early Bronze Age Iv Site At Sha‘Ar Ha-Golan (With A Contribution By Steven A. Rosen) (Pp. 1–73), Emanuel Eisenberg

'Atiqot

Excavations undertaken in two separate areas (100, 200) at Sha‘ar Ha-Golan, revealed the remains of domestic structures dating to Early Bronze Age IV. These represent the remains of a single-stratum rural settlement that extended over some 200 dunams, one of the largest settlements of this period that have been exposed so far in the country. The structures are multi-roomed rectilinear buildings, with dwelling units comprising three or more rooms. The plans of the buildings are not unified; most of them have a large central broadroom, its roof sometimes supported by columns, which stood on stone bases. Additional elements, such as …

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Petrographic Examination Of Plaster From The Umayyad Aqueduct To Ramla (Pp. 221–225), Alexander Tsatskin Jan 2025

Petrographic Examination Of Plaster From The Umayyad Aqueduct To Ramla (Pp. 221–225), Alexander Tsatskin

'Atiqot

The plaster from the Umayyad aqueduct to Ramla was analyzed petrographically to identify its composition and the phases of application. It was established that the aqueduct was coated with several layers of plaster at different stages. The plaster layers differ in quality, the first episode represented by a high-quality pink plaster and the last, by a whitish plaster of inferior quality.

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