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2025

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Structural Basis For Promoter Recognition By Pseudomonas Phage Dev Virion Associated Rna Polymerase, Brittney Bird Sep 2025

Structural Basis For Promoter Recognition By Pseudomonas Phage Dev Virion Associated Rna Polymerase, Brittney Bird

All ETDs from UAB

Bacteriophage DEV, a member of the Schitoviridae family, encodes a large virion-associated RNA polymerase (vRNAP) and shows significant potential for use in phage therapy. However, many aspects of DEV’s biology remain poorly understood, especially how it regulates transcription once inside the host. Recent work in our lab suggests that gene product 71 (gp71) functions as a DNA-dependent vRNAP. Analogous to the vRNAP of coliphage N4, gp71 likely initiates transcription by recognizing single-stranded DNA templates that contain early gene hairpin promoters. Based on this, my working hypothesis is that specific interactions between gp71 and the DEV early promoters PE1 and PE5 …

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Impact Of Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation On Corticostriatal Synaptic Function And Morphology, Charlotte Franziska Brzozowski Sep 2025

Impact Of Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation On Corticostriatal Synaptic Function And Morphology, Charlotte Franziska Brzozowski

All ETDs from UAB

Lewy Body Dementias (LBDs), including Parkinson’s Disease Dementia (PDD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), are defined by α-synuclein (α-syn) accumulation in Lewy Pathology (LP). LP is abundant in cortical layer V intratelencephalic (IT) neurons, a subset of neurons that also degenerate in the pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA) in humans, which is homologous to the secondary motor cortex (M2) in mice, as observed in PD postmortem tissue. IT neuron projections to the striatum are an intrinsic part of the motor basal ganglia circuitry, believed to modulate cognitive aspects of executive motor control, such as updating motor plans. M2 projections to …

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Characterizing The Role Of Pneumococcal Surface Protein A And Humoral Immunity To Biofilm Antigens During Streptococcus Pneumoniae Colonization, Jessica Lane Sep 2025

Characterizing The Role Of Pneumococcal Surface Protein A And Humoral Immunity To Biofilm Antigens During Streptococcus Pneumoniae Colonization, Jessica Lane

All ETDs from UAB

Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), or “the pneumococcus”, is a Gram-positive bacterium that colonizes the upper respiratory tract as a pathobiont. Spn is a deadly human pathogen, and one of the leading etiological agents of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). One virulence factor of Spn is pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), a choline-binding protein (CBP) at the surface of the bacteria that interacts with the host environment. Here, we demonstrated a novel role for PspA involving adhesion to dying host nasal epithelial cells via a multimeric complex with host lactoferrin (LF) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). We found that the PspA-GAPDH complex aggregated the bacteria …

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The Hepatic Glucagon Receptor As A Novel Regulator Of Lifespan, Alexander Tate Lasher Sep 2025

The Hepatic Glucagon Receptor As A Novel Regulator Of Lifespan, Alexander Tate Lasher

All ETDs from UAB

In developed nations the average lifespan has nearly doubled over the last 200 years, and the proportion of humans living into old age is ever increasing. While this is certainly a testament to the effectiveness of modern medicine and infrastructure, it presents a unique challenge to public health. Gains to health have not necessarily kept pace with the gains in lifespan, and the expanding aged population positions age-associated diseases to reach unprecedented prevalence. In light of this challenge, a mechanistic understanding of the aging process is necessary to identify factors that control longevity and to ultimately develop strategies for healthy …

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Bridging The Gap: Exploring The Facilitators And Barriers In The Self-Management Of Diabetes And Pain In Rural Southern Communities, Kennedy Nicole Butler Sep 2025

Bridging The Gap: Exploring The Facilitators And Barriers In The Self-Management Of Diabetes And Pain In Rural Southern Communities, Kennedy Nicole Butler

All ETDs from UAB

Southern rural communities experience a higher prevalence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated comorbidities, which increases rates of premature mortality due to socio-environmental factors, pre-existing health conditions, and economic burden in comparison to their urban counterparts. Fifty percent of individuals with T2D experience pain or chronic pain (CP); however, individuals in rural communities disproportionately experience symptoms of CP. CP is a physically debilitating condition that can inhibit mobility and reduce quality of life. T2D and the co-occurrence of CP can limit an individual's ability to engage in self-managing behaviors. While diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) programs, along with …

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Influenza A Virus Increases Susceptibility To Streptococcus Pneumoniae By Damaging The Airway Epithelium, Erin Yepsen Earnhardt Sep 2025

Influenza A Virus Increases Susceptibility To Streptococcus Pneumoniae By Damaging The Airway Epithelium, Erin Yepsen Earnhardt

All ETDs from UAB

Influenza A Virus (IAV) is commonly complicated by secondary bacterial infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Recent work from our lab demonstrates that an IAV-induced loss of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in the airway disrupts the rheostatic properties of the airway surface liquid (ASL). In cystic fibrosis, caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, there is an increase in the bacterial burden of the airway. However, the underlying mechanisms and damage caused by IAV-induced CFTR dysfunction in the airway remains unknown. Using a primary differentiated human bronchial airway epithelial cell culture (HBEC) system, …

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The Role Of The Glycerol Metabolism Regulator Glpr On Pseudomonas Aeruginosa’S Physiology, Nicholas Jordan Evans Sep 2025

The Role Of The Glycerol Metabolism Regulator Glpr On Pseudomonas Aeruginosa’S Physiology, Nicholas Jordan Evans

All ETDs from UAB

Chronic infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in people with cystic fibrosis. P. aeruginosa persists in the CF lung through adaptations, including altering the expression of metabolic genes to acquire nutrients that are abundant in the CF airway. Glycerol in the airway is imported and metabolized by proteins encoded in the glp regulon, which is regulated in part by GlpR. The loss of GlpR was previously shown to increase biofilm development in a P. aeruginosa CF isolate compared to a wound isolate. In the first half of this work, we investigated the influence that …

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Investigating The Role Of Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling In The Cystic Fibrosis Airways, Meghan June Hirsch Sep 2025

Investigating The Role Of Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling In The Cystic Fibrosis Airways, Meghan June Hirsch

All ETDs from UAB

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene which results in complications in organs such as the lung, pancreas, liver, and intestines. In the lung, defective CFTR results in thick, sticky mucus that causes susceptibility to colonization of opportunistic pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), progressive lung damage, and ultimately a decrease in life expectancy in affected individuals depending on severity of disease. Additionally, one of the characteristics of this disease, with and without PA infection, is chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation has also been associated with accelerated aging …

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A Short Trip: A Mixed Methods Investigation Of The Perceived Effects Of Vaporized Dmt Vs Vaporized 5-Meo-Dmt, Cynthia Estrella Ortiz Sep 2025

A Short Trip: A Mixed Methods Investigation Of The Perceived Effects Of Vaporized Dmt Vs Vaporized 5-Meo-Dmt, Cynthia Estrella Ortiz

All ETDs from UAB

The rise in psychedelic use has been accompanied by increased interest in alternative routes of administration, including vaporization. However, little is known about the characteristics and outcomes associated with vaporized forms of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT). This mixed-methods study examined the subjective experiences and mental health correlates of individuals who reported using vaporized DMT, vaporized 5-MeO-DMT, or psilocybin mushrooms in the past six months. A total of 209 adults completed an online survey assessing demographic variables, substance use, and psychological functioning, including measures of global health (PROMIS), subjective happiness, magical ideation, spiritual connection, psychosis-like experiences (CAPE-42), and hypomanic symptoms. …

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The Eco-Evolutionary Consequences Of Spatial Patterning Of Macroalgal Life Cycle Stages And Reproductive Mode Variation, Alexis Oetterer Sep 2025

The Eco-Evolutionary Consequences Of Spatial Patterning Of Macroalgal Life Cycle Stages And Reproductive Mode Variation, Alexis Oetterer

All ETDs from UAB

Haploid-diploid life cycles offer valuable insight into the evolution of sex and ploidy cycling, but empirical research has largely focused on diploid-dominant taxa, such as angiosperms. Expanding empirical studies to include a broader range of eukaryotic diversity is critical to ultimately understand responses to climate change. This dissertation addresses gaps in our understanding of macroalgal reproductive modes by examining macroalgae Gracilaria vermiculophylla and Ulva spp. along the Delmarva Peninsula. To understand how hard and soft bottom habitats have structured genetic diversity and reproductive modes in Gracilaria vermiculophylla and how these habitats have shaped colonization of this area, we used nine …

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Compartmentalized Antigen Presentation By Intestinal Epithelial Cells Directs Cd4 T Cell Fate, Christopher Garrett Wilson Sep 2025

Compartmentalized Antigen Presentation By Intestinal Epithelial Cells Directs Cd4 T Cell Fate, Christopher Garrett Wilson

All ETDs from UAB

The intestinal epithelium maintains a complex relationship with both commensal microbiota and enteric pathogens while orchestrating local immune responses. Although intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) can express MHC class II molecules during inflammation, their functional contribution to pathogen-specific adaptive immunity and immunological memory remains poorly defined. This dissertation investigates the hypothesis that IECs actively shape CD4+ T cell responses through antigen presentation, using Citrobacter rodentium infection as a physiologically relevant model of human attaching and effacing bacterial pathogens. The C. rodentium model offers unique advantages for dissecting epithelial-immune interactions: it naturally infects mice through oral inoculation, exhibits precise anatomical tropism for …

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Modeling The Basal Ganglia Network Using Leaky Integrate-And-Fire Neurons To Explore Its Role In Facilitating Purposive Saccades, Saarth Anjali Chitale Sep 2025

Modeling The Basal Ganglia Network Using Leaky Integrate-And-Fire Neurons To Explore Its Role In Facilitating Purposive Saccades, Saarth Anjali Chitale

All ETDs from UAB

Saccadic eye movements provide a well-defined behavioral readout for investigating how the basal ganglia (BG) contribute to action selection. While saccades are controlled by multiple brain regions, including direct excitatory inputs from various cortices, the BG exerts a key inhibitory influence. Decades of experimental work using saccadic behavioral paradigms in non-human primates have yielded important insights into the activity of BG populations. These include the caudate nucleus, subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus externus, and substantia nigra pars reticulata, as well as dopaminergic afferents from the substantia nigra pars compacta and efferent projections to the superior colliculus, which controls eye movements. Despite …

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Amygdala Npy+ Interneurons Are Activated By Aversive Stim-Uli, Patric Perez Sep 2025

Amygdala Npy+ Interneurons Are Activated By Aversive Stim-Uli, Patric Perez

All ETDs from UAB

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) serves as a critical endogenous anxiolytic and stress-buffering molecule, yet the temporal and spatial dynamics of NPY+ cells during fear learning re-main unknown. Temporal dynamics can be measured with in vivo calcium imaging tech-niques, which enable real-time monitoring of cell-type-specific neural activity in freely behaving animals. Snapshots of neuronal activation can be measured using c-Fos im-munohistochemistry, thereby providing excellent spatial resolution. Here, I employ cut-ting-edge approaches to characterize the temporal and spatial activation patterns of NPY+ cells in amygdala, a key fear-regulating brain region negatively impacted by aversive events. I first used in vivo fiber photometry, together …

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Standardizing Sea Urchin Husbandry: Tank Effects, Gamete Production, And Co-Culture, Raven Amber Edwards Sep 2025

Standardizing Sea Urchin Husbandry: Tank Effects, Gamete Production, And Co-Culture, Raven Amber Edwards

All ETDs from UAB

This dissertation seeks to further knowledge of sea urchin husbandry in three major areas that have so far not been investigated substantially: optimal conditions for housing sea urchins in a lab-based recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), impacts of repetitive spawning regimens on reproductive output, and co-culture utilizing juvenile oysters. All studies utilize a commercial recirculating aquaculture system that is relatively novel for culturing sea urchins. The first chapter investigated the influence of housing conditions on sea urchin growth outcomes. Under the conditions of this study, the size of the tank showed limited influence on growth; however, stocking density was found to …

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Pao Induces Er Stress In Endothelial Cells Leading To Barrier Function Dysfunction And Inhibition Of Brd4 Prevents Lewisite-Induced Peribronchial Fibrosis, Huaxiu Zeng Sep 2025

Pao Induces Er Stress In Endothelial Cells Leading To Barrier Function Dysfunction And Inhibition Of Brd4 Prevents Lewisite-Induced Peribronchial Fibrosis, Huaxiu Zeng

All ETDs from UAB

Arsenicals are members of one of the most important global environmental vesicants and are a persistent bio accumulative carcinogen. One of the vesicants and chemical warfare agents is lewisite, which causes lung injury with pulmonary edema, hemorrhage, and respiratory failure. A single cutaneous exposure to lewisite in mice induces systemic lung injury through arsenical-mediated mechanisms. Some subjects develop Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (BOS) where there is evidence of airway dysfunction and pathologic narrowing of the airways with extracellular protein deposition and fibroblast invasion. In vitro for human lung endothelial cells, Phenyl arsine Oxide (PAO) exposure, as surrogate of lewisite, leads to …

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Proteasome Augmentation Is Protective Against Alzheimer’S Disease And Agerelated Cognitive Decline, Kanisa Davidson Sep 2025

Proteasome Augmentation Is Protective Against Alzheimer’S Disease And Agerelated Cognitive Decline, Kanisa Davidson

All ETDs from UAB

Proteostasis is essential for the degradation of oxidized, misfolded proteins and proper function of neuronal plasticity. Proteasome inhibition has been shown to exacerbate cognitive and behavioral deficits in aging and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) models. Proteasomal activity is decreased across human and animal models of AD. We hypothesize that aging and AD markers, β-amyloid and/or hyperphosphorylated tau, impair proteasome function, thereby preventing the proteasome’s capacity to degrade critical synaptic proteins essential for memory formation. We investigated the role of pharmacological and genetic augmentation on proteasomal function, to rescue aging and AD-like cognitive deficits in cell culture, Drosophila, and mice. We demonstrate …

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Differential Susceptibility: How Parenting Behaviors Predict Adolescent Antisocial Behavior In The Context Of Candidate Plasticity Genes, Amanda Moore Sep 2025

Differential Susceptibility: How Parenting Behaviors Predict Adolescent Antisocial Behavior In The Context Of Candidate Plasticity Genes, Amanda Moore

All ETDs from UAB

Adolescent antisocial behavior (ASB) has been consistently linked to parenting behaviors, yet individual variability in response to parenting remains poorly understood. Grounded in the differential susceptibility theory, this study examined how candidate plasticity genes interact with poor parenting to predict ASB in adolescents. A sample of 272 youth from the Birmingham Youth Violence Study provided genetic data and participated in two waves of behavioral and parenting assessments. Parenting behaviors were measured using a composite index of harsh, inconsistent, and low-nurturance parenting. ASB was assessed through self- and parent-reported measures of delinquency, aggression, and conduct problems. The study tested whether individual …

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Psychedelics And Psychosis: An Interdisciplinary Re-Examination, Haley Maria Dourron Sep 2025

Psychedelics And Psychosis: An Interdisciplinary Re-Examination, Haley Maria Dourron

All ETDs from UAB

Psychedelics have long been described as potential drug models of psychosis. There is also concern that psychedelics might worsen psychotic symptoms in individuals with a history of psychotic disorders. This dissertation examines the overlap between psychedelic-induced states and non-affective psychotic disorders (NAPD) from both subjective and neurological perspectives, as well as the perceived impact of psychedelic use in people with a history of NAPD. Nineteen people with a history of NAPD who had used psychedelics were interviewed about their experiences. Participants generally described psychedelic and psychotic experiences as distinct, though both affected similar experiential domains, such as sensory alterations. Altered …

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Murder On The Axonal Express: Synucleinopathy Disruption Of 14-3-3 Protein-Protein Interactions Impairs Axonal Trafficking, Frank Sanders Pair Sep 2025

Murder On The Axonal Express: Synucleinopathy Disruption Of 14-3-3 Protein-Protein Interactions Impairs Axonal Trafficking, Frank Sanders Pair

All ETDs from UAB

14-3-3s are a family of proteins highly expressed in the brain. These proteins exert their functions mainly through protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and have thousands of binding partners. 14-3-3s have been shown to be present in pro-teinaceous aggregates of alpha-synuclein (αsyn), a pathological hallmark of synucleinopathies. This includes such diseases as Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). 14-3-3 proteins, particularly the 14-3-3θ isoform, have been shown to be protective in multiple synucleinopathy models. However, reduced soluble levels of 14-3-3s and increased phosphorylation of 14-3-3θ at S232 observed in synucleinopathies like DLB may impair their protec-tive ability, potentially due …

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An Analysis Of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Levels With Structural And Functional Connectivity In Antipsychotic Medication-Naïve First Episode Psychosis Patients, Genelle Dano Samson Sep 2025

An Analysis Of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Levels With Structural And Functional Connectivity In Antipsychotic Medication-Naïve First Episode Psychosis Patients, Genelle Dano Samson

All ETDs from UAB

Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and abnormalities in emotional expression, social interaction, and motivation. Cognitive deficits and alterations in perception are core features of psychosis spectrum disorders, though the neurobiological bases of these impairments are not thoroughly understood. Examination of the structures responsible for cognition, along with how their connectivity and neurochemistry are altered in psychosis, is crucial to understanding and treating schizophrenia. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and plays a crucial role in the regulation of neuronal activity. Evidence from animal models and postmortem …

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Nmr-Based Metabolomic Profiling For Brain Cancer Diagnosis And Treatment Guidance, Julia R Zickus, José S Enriquez, Paytience Smith, Bill T Sun, Muxin Wang, Aldo Morales, Pratip K Bhattacharya, Shivanand Pudakalakatti Sep 2025

Nmr-Based Metabolomic Profiling For Brain Cancer Diagnosis And Treatment Guidance, Julia R Zickus, José S Enriquez, Paytience Smith, Bill T Sun, Muxin Wang, Aldo Morales, Pratip K Bhattacharya, Shivanand Pudakalakatti

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a routinely used analytical tool for studying chemical entities of varying molecular sizes, ranging from approximately 20 Da to ~45 kDa, and in some cases even larger. Over the past two decades, the use of NMR spectroscopy has significantly expanded to the study of metabolomics. In this medium-sized review, the application of NMR-based metabolomics in the diagnosis, therapeutic intervention, and guidance of therapy for various types of brain cancer is discussed.

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Ubiquitination-Targeted Therapies Improve Bmd Ipsc Myogenic Cell Engraftment And Dystrophin Expression In Vivo, Muchen Liu, Somik Chatterjee, Jianbo Wu, Zeinab Kashaniasl, Ashok Kumar, Chunru Lin, Radbod Darabi Sep 2025

Ubiquitination-Targeted Therapies Improve Bmd Ipsc Myogenic Cell Engraftment And Dystrophin Expression In Vivo, Muchen Liu, Somik Chatterjee, Jianbo Wu, Zeinab Kashaniasl, Ashok Kumar, Chunru Lin, Radbod Darabi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is caused by in-frame mutations in dystrophin gene, leading to progressive muscle weakness, and cardiac and respiratory complications. Currently, there is no cure. We have recently identified the importance of poly-ubiquitination in regulating dystrophin stability through the binding of lncRNA H19 to the dystrophin C-terminal zinc-finger domain (ZNF), inhibiting TRIM63-mediated poly-ubiquitination. We also demonstrated that BMD mutations lead to conformational changes in ZNF domain, reduced lncRNA H19 binding and increased dystrophin ubiquitination. Here we used BMD iPSCs to investigate the in vitro myogenic potential of BMD myogenic cells, as well as in vitro and in vivo …

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The Growing Armamentarium Of Image-Guided Tumor Ablation In Interventional Oncology, Ripal Gandhi Sep 2025

The Growing Armamentarium Of Image-Guided Tumor Ablation In Interventional Oncology, Ripal Gandhi

All Publications

Minimally invasive image-guided tumor ablation techniques have been established as safe, effective methods to treat a variety of unresectable soft tissue tumors. Standard thermal ablation methods include radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, and cryoablation. However, newer non-thermal and/or non-invasive ablation techniques are now available as alternative options to treat soft tissue tumors, particularly those that are near critical structures or otherwise susceptible to thermal energy sink effects. The 4 types of emerging ablation techniques discussed in this review are as follows: irreversible electroporation, pulsed electric field, high-intensity focused ultrasound, and histotripsy. While the clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of …

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Montana Kaimin, September 11, 2025, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula Sep 2025

Montana Kaimin, September 11, 2025, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.

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Spatial-Temporal Variation Of Diarrhea Among Children Under 5 Years Old Between 2010-2020 In Rwanda, Amans Ntakarutimana Dr., Patrick A. Tschida Dr., Elias Nyandwi Dr. Sep 2025

Spatial-Temporal Variation Of Diarrhea Among Children Under 5 Years Old Between 2010-2020 In Rwanda, Amans Ntakarutimana Dr., Patrick A. Tschida Dr., Elias Nyandwi Dr.

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

We used secondary data from the Rwanda Demographic and Health Surveys of 2010, 2015, and 2020 to assess the spatial-temporal variation of diarrhea among children under 5 years old between the years 2010 and 2020 in Rwanda. Stratified descriptive statistics, pairwise comparisons, and logistic regression designs were used for data analysis in SPSS. A statistically significant variation of diarrhea among children under 5 years old was observed across districts, regions, and urban–rural areas but not at the national level between 2010–2020. Some districts of the Western region, including Nyabihu (OR = 2.5), Ngororero (OR = 2.3), and Karongi …

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Neurotransmitter Signaling In Molecular And Behavioral Immune Responses To Pathogens In C Elegans, Benson Otarigho, Alejandro Aballay Sep 2025

Neurotransmitter Signaling In Molecular And Behavioral Immune Responses To Pathogens In C Elegans, Benson Otarigho, Alejandro Aballay

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Neurotransmitter signaling pathways play major roles in both molecular and behavioral defenses against pathogen invasion, shaping the ability of Caenorhabditis elegans to sense and respond to environmental challenges. Given the conservation of neurotransmitter signaling pathways, their understanding may not only provide insights into the neurobiology of C. elegans but also has broader implications for our understanding of neural-immune interactions and host defense mechanisms in higher organisms. In this review, we discussed the literature on various neurotransmitter signaling pathways, including serotonergic, dopaminergic/octopaminergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic pathways, and how these pathways modulate molecular and behavioral immune defense against pathogens.

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September 11, 2025, James Madison University Sep 2025

September 11, 2025, James Madison University

The Breeze, 2020-

The Breeze is the student newspaper of James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Virginia.

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The Hidden Link Between Hiv And Cardiomyopathy: Unraveling Hiv's Impact On The Heart, Toluwalase Awoyemi, Oluwaremilekun Zeth Tolu-Akinnawo, Andrew Greek, Oluwakemi Adenuga, Chukwuebuka Asogwa, Isaac Ekundayo, Olamide Odusola, Oyinlola O. Fasehun, Mercy Ajayi, Onyinye Ugoala Sep 2025

The Hidden Link Between Hiv And Cardiomyopathy: Unraveling Hiv's Impact On The Heart, Toluwalase Awoyemi, Oluwaremilekun Zeth Tolu-Akinnawo, Andrew Greek, Oluwakemi Adenuga, Chukwuebuka Asogwa, Isaac Ekundayo, Olamide Odusola, Oyinlola O. Fasehun, Mercy Ajayi, Onyinye Ugoala

School of Medicine Publications

This comprehensive review examines the complex relationship between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cardiomyopathy, focusing on the underlying molecular mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies. It highlights the significant global health burden posed by HIV and its potential to cause long-term cardiovascular complications. The review investigates the pathogenesis of HIV-associated cardiomyopathy. It elucidates the intricate cellular and molecular pathways involved, including the actions of neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes in cardiac inflammation. Key signaling pathways such as TNF-NF-κB and the caspase-1 inflammasome are detailed, as they contribute to cardiac infection and injury. The clinical manifestations of HIV-associated cardiomyopathy …

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Human Toxocariasis, Susana Lopez-Alamillo, Pravallika Padyala, Megan Carey, Megan M Duffey, Jill E Weatherhead Sep 2025

Human Toxocariasis, Susana Lopez-Alamillo, Pravallika Padyala, Megan Carey, Megan M Duffey, Jill E Weatherhead

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Human toxocariasis is a globally prevalent zoonotic parasitic infection caused by larvae of Toxocara species, primarily Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati. Toxocariasis is commonly transmitted to humans through the ingestion of embryonated Toxocara eggs found in contaminated soil, water, or on surfaces contaminated with animal feces. Unlike in dogs and cats, humans are not definitive hosts for Toxocara spp., and, as a result, Toxocara larvae do not complete their life cycle in humans. Instead, following accidental oral ingestion of embryonated eggs, Toxocara larvae undergo an aberrant larval migratory cycle to various organs including the lungs, liver, muscles, and central …

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Innovative Glycerin Impregnation Of Female Livestock Genital Organs And Satisfaction Assessment For Veterinary Anatomy Education In Thailand, Paisan Tienthai, Jantima Intarapanya, Pawana Chuesiri Sep 2025

Innovative Glycerin Impregnation Of Female Livestock Genital Organs And Satisfaction Assessment For Veterinary Anatomy Education In Thailand, Paisan Tienthai, Jantima Intarapanya, Pawana Chuesiri

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Veterinary anatomy education faces several challenges, including increasing student enrollment, regulatory restrictions on animal use, and limitations of traditional preservation methods. Formalin preservation poses health risks, while plastination is costly and lacks flexibility. The conventional and modified Elnady Techniques present a safer and more cost-effective alternative, offering soft and flexible specimens; however, the adverse features still appear, and some steps require expensive equipment. This study aims to refine these Elnady Techniques, called ‘innovative glycerin impregnation’ for preserving female reproductive organs by reducing costs and simplifying the process using basic equipment. Additionally, veterinary students' satisfaction with glycerin-preserved specimens was compared to …

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