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2025

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C. S. Lewis’S Most Important Message: The Abolition Of Man As Lewis’S Self-Conscious Struggle For The Value Of Human Persons, Dwain Tissell Jan 2025

C. S. Lewis’S Most Important Message: The Abolition Of Man As Lewis’S Self-Conscious Struggle For The Value Of Human Persons, Dwain Tissell

Sehnsucht: The C. S. Lewis Journal

Over the roughly sixty years since C. S. Lewis’s death, many have asked, what was the message he most wanted to convey? A decade before Lewis’s passing, Dr. James Houston asked him that very question. Lewis answered that he was fighting “reductionism.” More specifically, Houston heard C. S. Lewis to be most concerned about reduction of the value of the human person. At the time of this writing, Houston is 101 years of age, and he has kept a low profile all these years about his relationship with C. S. Lewis. From 1947 until 1954, he and Lewis were more …

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Gender And The Abolition Of Man: The Masculine And The Feminine In Lewis’S Natural Law Thought, Joshua P. Herring Jan 2025

Gender And The Abolition Of Man: The Masculine And The Feminine In Lewis’S Natural Law Thought, Joshua P. Herring

Sehnsucht: The C. S. Lewis Journal

C. S. Lewis wrote extensively about gender in both nonfiction and fiction works. In nonfiction, he lays out a specific understanding of gender with logical clarity; in fiction, Lewis develops a series of poetic images magnifying the depth of meaning found in being masculine and feminine. In both forms of writing, Lewis celebrates the goodness of God’s gift of gender, and summons his readers to receive the gift with gratitude. Reading Lewis’s works on gender functions as an antidote to gender ideology. Rather than a severing of felt experience and bodily reality, Lewis calls his readers to see the ideas …

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The Positive Educational Program Of The Abolition Of Man, Jon Fennell Jan 2025

The Positive Educational Program Of The Abolition Of Man, Jon Fennell

Sehnsucht: The C. S. Lewis Journal

Readers of The Abolition of Man, certainly those who have engaged it repeatedly and have thought deeply about what it says, recognize that the book is fundamentally a commentary on the reality—and predictable consequences—of the miseducation of the young. Much has been written on this topic. Not so commonly recognized, nor as frequently understood, is the positive educational program that arises out of Lewis’s largely critical “reflections on education.”2 The Abolition of Man, like its fictional counterpart, That Hideous Strength, elaborates a nightmare scenario. That scenario is the product of what, logically, is a reduction and absurdum. The details of …

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The Eschatological Vision Of The Abolition Of Man, Joshua J. Paladino Jan 2025

The Eschatological Vision Of The Abolition Of Man, Joshua J. Paladino

Sehnsucht: The C. S. Lewis Journal

C. S. Lewis’s The Abolition of Man is ultimately an eschatological work, a vision of the end of history, a warning about the fully conditioned society, an insight into the nature of the universal and homogeneous state, and even a prophecy of Hell on Earth. The end-times significance of the Abolition is perhaps overlooked because it lacks an apocalyptic framing. Lewis presented, rather, a “snug” eschatology.1 There is none of the apocalyptic drama that Lewis crafted in The Last Battle. We do not hear the Lion roar, “Now it is time,” before watching Father Time squeeze the sun in his …

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The Riddle Of The Sphinx, Owen Barfield, Rory O'Connor Jan 2025

The Riddle Of The Sphinx, Owen Barfield, Rory O'Connor

Sehnsucht: The C. S. Lewis Journal

Owen Barfield, whom C. S. Lewis described archetypally as his “Second Friend” —“the man who disagrees with you about everything . . . not so much the alter ego as the antiself ”1 —expressed his agreement with the argument of The Abolition of Man and his admiration of the book on a number of occasions. For example, describing various means by which one can become aware of the presuppositions of one’s thoughts, Barfield once wrote: One, of which the best example I know is C. S. Lewis’s The Abolition of Man, is to take some typical utterance by a contemporary …

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Secondary Metabolites From Usnea Sp. And An Evaluation Of Their Cytotoxic And Antibacterial Activities, Dewi Meliati Agustini, Riga Riga, Elvira Hermawati, Budi Saputra Jan 2025

Secondary Metabolites From Usnea Sp. And An Evaluation Of Their Cytotoxic And Antibacterial Activities, Dewi Meliati Agustini, Riga Riga, Elvira Hermawati, Budi Saputra

Baghdad Science Journal

The genus Usnea was reported to synthesize the bioactive secondary metabolites, including cytotoxic and antibacterial activities. To continue our study on bioactive compounds from Usnea sp, we studied secondary metabolites and their bioactivities of Usnea sp. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical constituents of lichen Usnea sp. Methanol extract of Usnea sp. was prepared by solid liquid extraction followed by fractionation and purification of the crude extract by several chromatographic techniques using n-hexane and ethyl acetate as solvents to obtain two pure compounds (1 and 2). The …

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Synthesis, Characterization, And Thermal Studying Of Vo(Ii), Cu(Ii), Zn(Ii), Cd(Ii), And Au(Iii) Complexes With Azo Dye And Evaluation As Antioxidants, Areeg Malek Fadhel, Abbas Ali Salih Al-Hamdani, Wail Al Zoubi Jan 2025

Synthesis, Characterization, And Thermal Studying Of Vo(Ii), Cu(Ii), Zn(Ii), Cd(Ii), And Au(Iii) Complexes With Azo Dye And Evaluation As Antioxidants, Areeg Malek Fadhel, Abbas Ali Salih Al-Hamdani, Wail Al Zoubi

Baghdad Science Journal

Complexes of Vanadyl, Copper, Zinc, Cadmium, and Aureate with their double valence and Aureate with its triple valence were prepared using the azo dye (2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-((3-hydroxyphenyl) dixenyl)phenyl)ethane-1-one prepared newly from diazonium salt With 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone, after isolation. The prepared materials were identified by available spectroscopic methods and diagnostic techniques for C.H.N, IR, UV-Vis, 1H&13C-NMR, Mass, thermogravimetric analysis curve, differential scanning calorimetry, and complexes, these techniques included as well as determining the metal percentage, determining the chlorine content, magnetic susceptibility, and molar conductivity. The results showed that the ligand is anionic (negative) tetradentate when coordinated with Vanadyl, Copper, Zinc, Cadmium …

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Eco-Friendly Method For Removal Of Some Heavy Metals In Water; Physical And Analytical Study, Khaled Elgendy, Mounir Zaky, Atef Amer, Abdel Nasser Mohammed Jan 2025

Eco-Friendly Method For Removal Of Some Heavy Metals In Water; Physical And Analytical Study, Khaled Elgendy, Mounir Zaky, Atef Amer, Abdel Nasser Mohammed

Baghdad Science Journal

This study sought to examine the removal of some heavy metal ions from an aqueous media utilizing an adsorbent made from waste materials Cyperus papyrus and nano Cyperus papyrus. Because of their abundance of (OH) groups, Cyperus papyrus biomaterials are promising adsorbents for removing heavy metals. Therefore, this study proposed removing Al, Fe, Pb, and Cd from aqueous solutions using dried Cyperus papyrus. The effectiveness of removal was determined to be in this sequence Fe >Pb> Cd>Al. In another method, some of the cyperus papyrus was converted to nanopowder and used to investigate the elimination of Pb and Cd …

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Development Of Hybrid Machine Learning In Patient Diagnosis Classification Using The Xrp Model (Extraction, Reduction & Prediction), Hendra Nusa Putra, Sarjon Defit, Gunadi Widi Nurcahyo Jan 2025

Development Of Hybrid Machine Learning In Patient Diagnosis Classification Using The Xrp Model (Extraction, Reduction & Prediction), Hendra Nusa Putra, Sarjon Defit, Gunadi Widi Nurcahyo

Baghdad Science Journal

This study, carried out over six months at an Indonesian hospital, explores the benefits of standardizing medical record data and integrating health information systems for healthcare delivery. Utilizing a quantitative research approach, it focuses on the impact of precise data mining extraction on data analysis and the advantages of an integrated system for accessing patient records. Advanced data mining methods were employed for feature extraction, selection, and dataset reduction to enhance data classification accuracy. Findings revealed a direct correlation between the accuracy of data extraction and the reliability of data classification, highlighting the significant role of dataset reduction in improving …

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Synthesis And Description Of Some New Heterocyclic Imideis Compounds Derived From Ciprofloxacin Drug, Jinan D. Ayyash, Sameaa J. Khammas Jan 2025

Synthesis And Description Of Some New Heterocyclic Imideis Compounds Derived From Ciprofloxacin Drug, Jinan D. Ayyash, Sameaa J. Khammas

Baghdad Science Journal

The target of this work included synthesis of several new derivatives (B-B17) from Ciprofloxacin drug and evaluating antibacterial activities for some derivatives. The analogs were synthesized, designed, and characterized by 1HNMR, and FTIR. The first step involved the preparation of a 2-Chloroacetyl Ciprofloxacin drug from the reaction of Ciprofloxacin with chloroacetyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine. Then, the yield B with 2-aminobenzothiazole in the presence of glacial acetic acid as a catalyst to produce derivatives (B1-B8), Potassium phthalimide or Succinimide was used to prepared (B9-B12) compounds , and the (B13-B17) compounds were synthesis from 4-acetyl ciprofloxacin (B).The antibacterial …

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Evaluating The Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein Levels In Sera Of Iraqi Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis, Tabarak Siraj Ibrahim, Bushra Faris Hasan Jan 2025

Evaluating The Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein Levels In Sera Of Iraqi Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis, Tabarak Siraj Ibrahim, Bushra Faris Hasan

Baghdad Science Journal

The biomarker significance of chemokine (Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein) was evaluated in the sera of 80 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and 40 control men and women. A test ELISA kit was used in the Human Reader HS apparatus to measure the serum COMP, CRP, and RF. The Nihon Kohden Europes (MEK-6550K) analyzer apparatus was used for the testing of Complete Blood Count and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), The Westergren device was used in this evaluation. The results demonstrated that COMP, CRP, RF, and ESR showed a significantly increased median in RA patients compared to control (COMP:104.79±1.95 vs. 47.79±1.34 ng/ml; …

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Colorimetric Determination Of Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) By Indirect Method With Ferrous Ion And 1,10 Phenanthroline, Suhad Abdel Moneim Yassin, Khalaf F. Alsamarrai Jan 2025

Colorimetric Determination Of Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) By Indirect Method With Ferrous Ion And 1,10 Phenanthroline, Suhad Abdel Moneim Yassin, Khalaf F. Alsamarrai

Baghdad Science Journal

CyanoCobalamin (Vitamin B12) was determined using a simple, reliable, and affordable colorimetric method. According to this method, excess Ferrous sulfate (FeSO4.7H2O, or FS) is used to reduce vitamin B12, and the excess FS reacts with the reagent 1,10-phenanthroline to produce a soluble red color complex. The greatest wavelength of the spectrum of this complex was 510 nm. The concentration linearity range was 5-100 µg/mL. The RSD% values were 0.107-0.259% for intraday and 1.085-0.1378% for interday, while the Rec% values ranged from 95 to 100.833%. LOD and LOQ values were respectively 0.016 µg/mL and 0.053 µg/mL. The method was used to …

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Synthesis, Identification, And Biological Evaluation Of New Coumarin-Pyrazoline Derivatives As Anti-Oxidant Agents, Wafaa Yusuf Khalaf, Leaqaa Abdulredha Raheem, Rita Sabah Elias Youssef Jan 2025

Synthesis, Identification, And Biological Evaluation Of New Coumarin-Pyrazoline Derivatives As Anti-Oxidant Agents, Wafaa Yusuf Khalaf, Leaqaa Abdulredha Raheem, Rita Sabah Elias Youssef

Baghdad Science Journal

The coumarin scaffold was combined with nitrogen containing heteroatom molecule known as pyrazoline to increase its biological activity, and it demonstrated a wide range of activity. The study involved the synthesis of a new compound by condensation method, and the structural structures of the prepared compounds were characterized using spectroscopic and analytical studies FT-IR, 1H-NMR,13CNMR, and mass spectrometry, through which it was proven that pyrazoline ring through the appearance of protons of the methylene group in different coupling constants. On the other hand, the proton of C11’, adapts to two different adjacent angles for the two protons of the methylene …

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Impact Of Ultraviolet Radiation On The Aging Properties Of Pvc Films Doped By Tin(Iv) Complexes, Hanan Ibrahiem, Emad Yousif, Gamal A. El-Hiti, Mohammed H. Al-Mashhadani, Dina S. Ahmed, Muna Bufaroosha Jan 2025

Impact Of Ultraviolet Radiation On The Aging Properties Of Pvc Films Doped By Tin(Iv) Complexes, Hanan Ibrahiem, Emad Yousif, Gamal A. El-Hiti, Mohammed H. Al-Mashhadani, Dina S. Ahmed, Muna Bufaroosha

Baghdad Science Journal

Using 1H-, 13C-, and 119Sn-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies in addition to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for structural identification, we synthesized and studied three tin complexes of Ibuprofen in this study. To improve poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)'s photo-stability, the produced complexes were mixed one at a time. FTIR techniques were employed to evaluate their effectiveness, and the results indicated the formation of new groups inside the polymer structure following exposure to ultraviolet radiation. We also investigated the weight loss of the polymer under irradiation and calculated the average molecular weight by comparing the viscosity before and after …

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Relative Chronology Of The Proto-Historic Remains At Naḥal Saflul 71 In The Gal‘Ed Hills (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–20*; English Summary, Pp. 221–223), Nimrod Getzov Jan 2025

Relative Chronology Of The Proto-Historic Remains At Naḥal Saflul 71 In The Gal‘Ed Hills (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–20*; English Summary, Pp. 221–223), Nimrod Getzov

'Atiqot

Two areas were excavated (A, B) at the site, and a report on Meir’s Excavation C (1976–1982) is included as well. Six round, rock-hewn pits were exposed in Area A, all of which probably belong to one system. In Area B, three natural steps were found on bedrock, as well as part of a pressing installation(?) for wine or oil production. Areas A and B were covered with gray soil that contained stones, potsherds, flint items and animal bones. The site also yielded limestone and basalt vessels, pottery spindle weights, bone points and archaeozoological remains. The pottery at the site …

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Excavations At Tel Lod: Remains From The Pottery Neolithic A, Chalcolithic, Early Bronze Age I, Middle Bronze Age I And Byzantine Periods (Pp. 141–218), Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Robert Kool, Nili Liphschitz, Henk K. Mienis, Vladimir Zbenovich Jan 2025

Excavations At Tel Lod: Remains From The Pottery Neolithic A, Chalcolithic, Early Bronze Age I, Middle Bronze Age I And Byzantine Periods (Pp. 141–218), Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Robert Kool, Nili Liphschitz, Henk K. Mienis, Vladimir Zbenovich

'Atiqot

The salvage excavations at the ancient tell of Lod revealed six strata (I–VI). Stratum I consisted of much-disturbed topsoil. The partial remains of three buildings were uncovered in Stratum II, dated to the Byzantine period. Stratum III consisted of sand deposits with a high concentration of MB I potsherds. Stratum IV represented the main phase of human occupation at the site, containing the remains of two superimposed settlements (Strata IVa, IVb), dating from the later phases of EB I. Stratum IVa revealed segments of three sundried mud-brick walls, lacking stone foundations; a large storage jar was found sunk into a …

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Tell Qasile (North): Remains Of A Pre-Ghassulian Structure On Fichmann Street, Tel Aviv (Pp. 131–139), Ronit Lupu, Ayelet Dayan Israel Antiquities Authority Jan 2025

Tell Qasile (North): Remains Of A Pre-Ghassulian Structure On Fichmann Street, Tel Aviv (Pp. 131–139), Ronit Lupu, Ayelet Dayan Israel Antiquities Authority

'Atiqot

The excavation revealed remains of walls, living surfaces, pottery sherds, flint artifacts, stone vessels and animal bones that can be attributed mainly to Pre-Ghassulian entities dating within the first half of the fifth millennium BCE. The small assemblage of finds from the site suggests a chrono-cultural attribution within the transitional period between the late Wadi Rabah and the beginning of the Ghassulian Chalcolithic cultures. The faunal assemblage comprises mainly sheep/goat remains, as well as a single hippopotamus(?) bone. The site represents an important milestone in the research of late prehistory in the Tel Aviv area, attesting to the presence of …

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Abu Ghosh, Jasmine Street: A Pre-Ghassulian Site In The Judean Hills (Pp. 85–130), Ianir Milevski, Ofer Marder, Henk K. Mienis, Liora Kolska Horwitz Jan 2025

Abu Ghosh, Jasmine Street: A Pre-Ghassulian Site In The Judean Hills (Pp. 85–130), Ianir Milevski, Ofer Marder, Henk K. Mienis, Liora Kolska Horwitz

'Atiqot

The excavations at Abu Ghosh revealed two phases dated to the Pre-Ghassulian period, between the end of the sixth millennium and the mid-fifth millenium BCE. Three archaeological-sedimentary layers were identified at the site: Layer I—topsoil, Layer II—possibly EB I, and Layer III—Pre-Ghassulian. The architecture of Layer III consisted of rectilinear units, with apparent passages and entrances between them, whose walls were built on stone foundations. Most of the pottery shows affinities with the Qatifian-Besorian horizons typical of southern sites. The lithic assemblages are characterized by sickle blades, bifacials and perforators. The groundstone tools and stone bowls are characteristic of repertories …

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Neolithic Flint Workshops At Giv‘At Rabi (East) In Lower Galilee (Pp. 63–83), Omry Barzilai, Ianir Milevski Israel Antiquities Authority Jan 2025

Neolithic Flint Workshops At Giv‘At Rabi (East) In Lower Galilee (Pp. 63–83), Omry Barzilai, Ianir Milevski Israel Antiquities Authority

'Atiqot

This article presents the flint assemblages from the Neolithic workshops exposed at Giv‘at Rabi (East), which produced bidirectional blades, unidirectional blades and bifacial tools. The Neolithic blades were produced from wide cores with relatively few preparations. The bifacial tools included unfinished and finished cortical axes and adzes. These techno-typological characteristics suggest that the workshops at Giv‘at Rabi (East) should be dated to the Final Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPNB) and the Early Pottery Neolithic (PN) periods. The discovery of the Neolithic workshops at Giv‘at Rabi (East) contributes to our understanding of the organization of the lithic industries in the region of Lower …

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Beisamun: An Early Pottery Neolithic Site In The Hula Basin (Pp. 1–61), Hamoudi Khalaily, Tali Kuperman, Nimrod Marom, Ianir Milevski, Dmitry Yegorov Jan 2025

Beisamun: An Early Pottery Neolithic Site In The Hula Basin (Pp. 1–61), Hamoudi Khalaily, Tali Kuperman, Nimrod Marom, Ianir Milevski, Dmitry Yegorov

'Atiqot

The excavation was conducted along the western fringes of the site of Beisamun. Three areas were opened (Areas A–C), revealing four layers. Layer I, the upper layer, is a dark brown clayey soil, which contained few archaeological finds. Layer II is a gray-brown clayey soil, rich in organic material and ash—most of the artifacts and architectural remains, dating to the Pottery Neolithic, were found in this layer. Layer III (in Area C) was rich in architectural remains dating to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic period. The lowest layer (Layer III in Areas A and B; Layer IV in Area C) is of …

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Excavations At The Dar El-Gharbiya Neighborhood Of Kafr Yasif: A Crusader Estate In The Territory Of ‘Akko (With A Contribution By Yael Gorin-Rosen)(Pp. 233–261), Danny Syon, Edna J. Stern Jan 2025

Excavations At The Dar El-Gharbiya Neighborhood Of Kafr Yasif: A Crusader Estate In The Territory Of ‘Akko (With A Contribution By Yael Gorin-Rosen)(Pp. 233–261), Danny Syon, Edna J. Stern

'Atiqot

Six excavation squares and three test trenches were opened. In Square A, a building was unearthed, probably first constructed in the Byzantine period and reused, probably as a stable, in the Crusader period (twelfth century); the last phase of the building (also a stable?) dates to the Mamluk period (fourteenth–fifteenth centuries). The earliest architectural stratum in Squares B and D dates to the late Byzantine or Early Islamic period, followed by an architectural phase from the Crusader period (the twelfth century); the last phase, including a water system, dates to the Mamluk period. Square C contained a large quantity of …

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Middle Bronze Age Iia And Later Settlement Remains Near Yehud On The Coastal Plain (Pp. 131–174), Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Oren Shmueli, Eli Yannai, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Eyal Vadaei Jan 2025

Middle Bronze Age Iia And Later Settlement Remains Near Yehud On The Coastal Plain (Pp. 131–174), Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Oren Shmueli, Eli Yannai, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Eyal Vadaei

'Atiqot

Three areas (A–C) were excavated and six archaeological strata were identified. Area A yielded sparse remains of the late Byzantine (Stratum I), Persian (Stratum II) and transitional Iron Age II/Persian (Stratum III) periods. Area B yielded the poorly preserved remains of a pottery kiln of the vertical or up-draft type, dated by pottery to the late Byzantine period. Area C yielded three strata (VI–VIII) with sparse remains dating from MB IIA. The pottery included local wares and imports from Cyprus, analogous to the finds from the Palace III phase at Afeq, between the end of MB IIA and the beginning …

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Animal-Based Economy And Local Ecology: The Early Bronze Age Ii Fauna From Qiryat Ata––Area S (Pp. 99–109), Edward F. Maher Jan 2025

Animal-Based Economy And Local Ecology: The Early Bronze Age Ii Fauna From Qiryat Ata––Area S (Pp. 99–109), Edward F. Maher

'Atiqot

The species exploited at Qiryat Ata are dominated by domestic animals, the most common being sheep and goats. Very few wild animals are present in the assemblage, comprising less than 6% of the identifiable remains, including fallow deer, wild pig and sea turtle.

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Rescue Excavations At The Early Bronze Age Site Of Qiryat Ata––Area S (With A Contribution By Hamoudi Khalaily) (Pp. 63–98), Amir Golani Jan 2025

Rescue Excavations At The Early Bronze Age Site Of Qiryat Ata––Area S (With A Contribution By Hamoudi Khalaily) (Pp. 63–98), Amir Golani

'Atiqot

The excavations in Area S, within the Early Bronze Age site of Qiryat Ata, revealed four settlement phases, all of which are associated with EB II (General Site Stratum I). Phase 4 consists of several beaten-earth surfaces and a few architectural remains. Two adjacent and nearly complete structures (Structures 1 and 2) were exposed in Phase 3; they appear to have been part of a much larger building complex. In Phase 2, a large architectural unit was unearthed (compound? insula?), comprising several buildings of irregular plan around an open courtyard; the nature of this compound may indicate a public function. …

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Faunal Remains From The Early Bronze Age Site Of Qiryat Ata—Area N (Pp. 45–57), Nuha Agha Jan 2025

Faunal Remains From The Early Bronze Age Site Of Qiryat Ata—Area N (Pp. 45–57), Nuha Agha

'Atiqot

The assemblage consists of animal remains recovered from clear stratigraphic EB IB (N = 64) and EB II (N = 66) contexts. The identified remains were of livestock—sheep, goats, cattle and pigs—and a few wild animals, such as mountain gazelle and fallow deer. The age of the cattle remains in the EB II phase attests that most animals reached maturity; hence, their value was in secondary products, such as milk and/or labor, rather than their meat. In both periods, hunting of wild animals played only a marginal role in the economy of the site. These finds revealed that the transition …

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Rescue Excavations At The Early Bronze Age Site Of Qiryat Ata––Area N (Pp. 11–44), Amir Golani Jan 2025

Rescue Excavations At The Early Bronze Age Site Of Qiryat Ata––Area N (Pp. 11–44), Amir Golani

'Atiqot

The excavations in Area N revealed building remains attributed to four phases, dating to EB IB (General Strata III–II) and EB II (General Stratum I). In Phase 4, structures with rounded outer corners were uncovered, characteristic of EB IB and early EB II in the southern Levant. During Phases 3–1, dated to EB II, smaller and more compact spaces were created, pointing to ongoing renovations in the buildings. These complex architectural remains may represent evidence of social organization at a time when the site was apparently a fully urbanized settlement. The ceramic finds fit in well with the pottery corpus …

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Three Canaanite Design Scarabs, One Egyptian Obsidian Scarab And One Syrian Cylinder Seal From A Burial Cave Near Ras ‘Ali, In Naḥal Zippori (Pp. 1–11), Baruch Brandl Jan 2025

Three Canaanite Design Scarabs, One Egyptian Obsidian Scarab And One Syrian Cylinder Seal From A Burial Cave Near Ras ‘Ali, In Naḥal Zippori (Pp. 1–11), Baruch Brandl

'Atiqot

Four scarabs and a cylinder seal were unearthed in a burial cave near Ras ‘Ali, in Naḥal Zippori. Three of the scarabs are made of glazed steatite and one, of obsidian; the seal is made of serpentine. The three glazed steatite scarabs are locally made Canaanite products, while the obsidian scarab seems to have been imported from Egypt. The cylinder seal is a Syrian product that was imported from the Syrian coast, most probably from Ugarit. All the glyptic finds are typical of MB IIC in Canaan (sixteenth century BCE).

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Crusader, Ayyubid And Mamluk-Period Remains From Tiberias (Pp. 183–208), Edna J. Stern Jan 2025

Crusader, Ayyubid And Mamluk-Period Remains From Tiberias (Pp. 183–208), Edna J. Stern

'Atiqot

The excavation exposed five primary phases of occupation, dating from the Roman to the Ottoman periods. In Phase 5, accumulations containing Roman- to Fatimid-period pottery were found. In Phase 4, a building was erected, a small part of which was excavated; twelfth-century pottery was found, as well as some residual sherds dating to the Umayyad, Abbasid and Fatimid periods. Phase 3 continued the use of the Phase 4 building, with the addition of walls and the raising of floors; finds on the floor included pottery vessels, glass vessels and a stone mortar, all dating to the thirteenth century. Phase 2 …

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The Fatimid, Crusader And Mamluk–Early Ottoman Ceramic Finds From The ‘Akko Marina: Some Insights Into Medieval Maritime Activity (Pp. 139–168), Edna J. Stern Jan 2025

The Fatimid, Crusader And Mamluk–Early Ottoman Ceramic Finds From The ‘Akko Marina: Some Insights Into Medieval Maritime Activity (Pp. 139–168), Edna J. Stern

'Atiqot

Ceramic sherds, dating from the Fatimid, Crusader and Mamluk–early Ottoman periods (eleventh to c. sixteenth centuries CE), were found while deepening the ‘Akko Marina. Of the Fatimid period, only a cooking bowl and a glazed bowl are represented. The pottery dating to the Crusader period consists of different types of glazed bowls, cooking ware, amphorae, a lid and oil lamps. The few sherds from the Mamluk–early Ottoman period belong to glazed vessels. The pottery retrieved from the ‘Akko Marina might have originated in trade, served as ballast, or may have arrived with pilgrims, merchants or other individuals who came to …

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The Burial Ground At Ḥorbat Za‘Aq (Pp. 1–23), Irit Yezerski Jan 2025

The Burial Ground At Ḥorbat Za‘Aq (Pp. 1–23), Irit Yezerski

'Atiqot

Thirty-two rock-cut burial tombs were documented in the burial ground excavated at Ḥorbat Za‘aq, in the southern Judean Shephelah. The majority of the tombs date to Iron Age IIB–III; one tomb (Tomb 13) dates to MB IIB–C; another (Tomb 48), to the Roman or Byzantine period; and two tombs (Tombs 22 and 23) were reused in the Early Roman period. These tombs probably belonged to families who lived in villages or farms in the vicinity of the burial ground. The Iron Age IIB–III rock-cut tombs at H. Za‘aq were hewn according to local architectural traditions; however, they share certain features …

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