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2024

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Looking For Melayu: Translators And Seafarers, Corazon D. Villareal Dec 2024

Looking For Melayu: Translators And Seafarers, Corazon D. Villareal

Kritika Kultura

This essay explores literary relations between the Philippines and Malaysia through a study of translational exchange between the two countries. It argues that translational exchange between the Philippines and Malaysia cannot be understood only through a study of contemporary translations since the connections between the two countries date back to pre-colonial times. Other than a discussion of some contemporary translations, the article cites two cases of translational exchange. The first is Pigafetta’s account of Enrique, the Malay slave/translator who accompanied Magellan in his expedition to the Philippines, and the appropriation of this account by a Malaysian historical novelist. The other …


Region And Microhistory: Writing The Chinese Diaspora In The Philippines, Richard T. Chu, Caroline S. Hau Dec 2024

Region And Microhistory: Writing The Chinese Diaspora In The Philippines, Richard T. Chu, Caroline S. Hau

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


A Question Of Izzat: Honor, Shame And Ownership Among Sunni Muslims In South Asia And The British Diaspora, Lila Ramos Shahani Dec 2024

A Question Of Izzat: Honor, Shame And Ownership Among Sunni Muslims In South Asia And The British Diaspora, Lila Ramos Shahani

Kritika Kultura

This paper is part of a larger project that looks at Asian writers in the English-speaking world. It focuses on literature representing British-Muslim identities in relation to post- 9/11 and post-7/7 debates on national identity, cultural and religious expression, and the future of multiculturalism in Britain. While the postcolonial paradigm offers a rich site for examining the long-term consequences of colonialism in relation to first- and second- generation writers, the complex politics of location in recent British-South Asian fiction points to the emergence of a new set of positionalities. I argue that much contemporary minority writing has come to reflect …


Translating The "No Man", Markus Locker Dec 2024

Translating The "No Man", Markus Locker

Kritika Kultura

On the premise that language is untranslatable a priori into another (Ricoeur), this essay suggests that the task of the translator is not only to translate what words express, but likewise what they do not express. The translation of the expressionless word (Benjamin) leads the translator into the realm of the self, imagined vis-à-vis language and culture. It is through the imagination that the self encounters the non-self (Fichte), i.e. the expressionless self that complements the expressed self. The ultimate task of translation—it is thus argued—equally requires the translation of the non-self, i.e. the poetization (Novalis) of the human confined …


Higher Than The Original Stands The Translation: Translating Heidegger Into Filipino, Remmon E. Barbaza Dec 2024

Higher Than The Original Stands The Translation: Translating Heidegger Into Filipino, Remmon E. Barbaza

Kritika Kultura

This paper is a reflection on the author’s experience of translating Martin Heidegger into Filipino. It first addresses the questions of principles underlying the act of translation, such as those of fidelity (to both source and target languages, original author and translator), as well as the role of the translator as an intermediary between the original author and the readers. Then it demonstrates examples of his experience of translating selected key terms and passages in Heidegger—such as sein, stellen, Ereignis, and their cognates—indicating the difficulties as well as the challenges that arise in the work of translation. A notable problem …


A Pouring Out Of Words: Das Kapital In Bahasa Indonesia Translation, Ramon Guillermo Dec 2024

A Pouring Out Of Words: Das Kapital In Bahasa Indonesia Translation, Ramon Guillermo

Kritika Kultura

Due to the recent global crises, Karl Marx’s fundamental work, Das Kapital (1867), has seen a resurgent interest. This renewed interest has also resulted in the production of several new translations of this work into various languages. It was quite a coincidence therefore that the first complete translation into Bahasa Indonesia was published as Kapital: Sebuah Kritik Ekonomi Politik in Jakarta by the Hasta Mitra Press in 2004. The translator was Oey Hay Djoen (1929-2008), an activist and former political prisoner on Buru island during the Soeharto Orde Baru regime. According to Oey, he used Ben Fowkes’s English translation for …


Culture On Trial: Translating Gremer Chan Reyes's Men At Sea, Hope Sabanpan-Yu Dec 2024

Culture On Trial: Translating Gremer Chan Reyes's Men At Sea, Hope Sabanpan-Yu

Kritika Kultura

Translation has emerged as a relevant medium through which countries can be familiar with and understand each other, and people can gain access to knowledge which would not have been available in any other way. Translation works like a mirror where one can reflect upon the self as well as use it as a window to look through other cultures. This paper refers to this contextual frame as it attempts to introduce a Cebuano text, Gremer Chan Reyes’ Men at Sea, to English speakers.


Fidelity In Translating Religious Practice: Illustrations From Filipino Christanity, Jose Mario C. Francisco Sj Dec 2024

Fidelity In Translating Religious Practice: Illustrations From Filipino Christanity, Jose Mario C. Francisco Sj

Kritika Kultura

What fidelity consists in has always been a central concern in translation studies and practice. This essay first discusses its shifting meaning in relation to the various turns in contemporary translation theory, and their application to the translation of religious practice. It then examines the translation of late medieval post-Reformation Spanish Catholicism into Filipino Christianity through an analysis of its texts and performances. It concludes by revisiting the meaning of fidelity and relates it to root-metaphors for translation in some Philippine languages. Fidelity appears not as the transfer of an unchanging meaning but as the recognition of self within the …


The Undiscovered Country: Shakespeare In Philippine Literatures, Judy Celine Ick Dec 2024

The Undiscovered Country: Shakespeare In Philippine Literatures, Judy Celine Ick

Kritika Kultura

Far from being a corpus of faithful renderings in local languages, Shakespearean translations in and into Philippine literatures participate in the afterlife of Shakespearean texts where Shakespeare is only one among many points of origin. Taking off from the late nineteenth century, the essay covers Shakespearean texts translated into some major Philippine languages—Tagalog, Kapampangan, Hiligaynon, and Bikolano—over the course of the twentieth century. The essay attempts to locate and describe some key qualities of Shakespearean translations in Philippine literatures, account for the shifting nature of authorship in these local practices of translation, and finally gestures towards probing the question of …


Translation And/As Research, Harry Aveling Dec 2024

Translation And/As Research, Harry Aveling

Kritika Kultura

The paper will consider some possible relationships between literary translation and research, the latter briefly defined as “the curiosity-driven production of new knowledge” (Nowotny xix). Two of these relationships are simple: (1) research as a stage in the preparation for the process of translation, and (2) research about the cultural and historical dimensions of already-existing translations. The third is more complex and controversial. The paper further asks: (3) whether the practice of translation is in itself an act of research. The third question raises further considerations about the different types of knowledge to be found in the university, and how …


Turning From The Margins: Discoursing Heidegger At The End Of Life As We Know It, Agustin Martin G. Rodriguez Dec 2024

Turning From The Margins: Discoursing Heidegger At The End Of Life As We Know It, Agustin Martin G. Rodriguez

Kritika Kultura

The essay discusses Heidegger’s almost mystical understanding of the Turning after the era of the forgetfulness of Being and his warning of the danger of Western technology. Critically exploring Heidegger’s conception of this danger, the essay proposes that the danger of Western technology can be creatively engaged by the rationalities that were marginalized by its propagation. The essay shows that the “less developed” nations still comprehend the world according to the rationalities marginalized by the Westernization of the world, and these rationalities bear with them the possibility of bringing the dominant world rationality to a more rational and creative way …


Lexical Creativity In Thai English Fiction, Pairote Bennui, Azirah Hashim Dec 2024

Lexical Creativity In Thai English Fiction, Pairote Bennui, Azirah Hashim

Kritika Kultura

Unlike some varieties of English in Southeast Asia, the notion that there is a ‘Thai English’ is debatable. This paper examines distinctive non-native features of a lexicon found in contemporary Thai writing in English to ascertain if English in this Expanding Circle country is developing its own linguistic norms. An analysis of features of lexical creativity in five short stories and novels is carried out to determine whether the characteristics found indicate that a Thai English vocabulary exists. An ‘integrated framework’ which combines concepts in World Englishes by Braj B, Kachru, Peter Strevens, and Edgar W. Schneider is adopted in …


Kambal Na Disyerto: Ang Kolonyal Na Kanon At Komersyalismo At Ang Panimulang Pagpapaagos Ng Mga Agos Sa Disyerto, Corazon Lalu-Santos Dec 2024

Kambal Na Disyerto: Ang Kolonyal Na Kanon At Komersyalismo At Ang Panimulang Pagpapaagos Ng Mga Agos Sa Disyerto, Corazon Lalu-Santos

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


On Photography In Late Capitalism: Reflections On The Vicissitudes Of The Image From A Filipino Persepctive, E. San Juan Jr. Dec 2024

On Photography In Late Capitalism: Reflections On The Vicissitudes Of The Image From A Filipino Persepctive, E. San Juan Jr.

Kritika Kultura

Ever since its invention at the outset of industrial capitalism in 19th-century Europe, photography has been used in the service of profit/capital accumulation worldwide. Appearances acquired saleable reality or marketable truth-value. The use of imagery and various forms of reproduction (film, advertising in TV, Internet, malls) subtends the dynamics of exchange-value in fixating human desires attuned to manipulated appearances. Can the critical analysis of photographic images help elucidate the mechanisms of ideology and the illusion industry for an emancipatory project? This essay seeks to enable a hypothetical inquiry into the magic of images with reference to the Philippine milieu, designed …


Mis-Education, Translation And The Barkada Of Languages: Reading Renato Constantino With Nick Joaquin, Vicente L. Rafael Dec 2024

Mis-Education, Translation And The Barkada Of Languages: Reading Renato Constantino With Nick Joaquin, Vicente L. Rafael

Kritika Kultura

This paper re-visits the classic piece by Renato Constantino, “The Mis-education of the Filipino” (1959/1966), inquiring into the colonial basis of his anti-colonial critique of American English. It explores the affinity between his view of language and those of American colonial officials, especially around the relationship between English and the vernacular languages. Both conceived of that relationship in terms of a war of and on translation. It then turns to an important but overlooked essay by Nick Joaquin published around the same time as Constantino’s, “The Language of the Streets” (1963). By closely considering Joaquin’s views on “Tagalog slang” as …


General Introduction, Kritika Kultura Dec 2024

General Introduction, Kritika Kultura

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


The Making Of Jose Garcia Villa's Footnote To Youth, Jonathan Chua Dec 2024

The Making Of Jose Garcia Villa's Footnote To Youth, Jonathan Chua

Kritika Kultura

This article recounts the story behind the publication of Villa’s stories and his book Footnote to Youth: Tales of the Philippines and Others (1933) in the United States. First, the conditions of the American literary marketplace are briefly described. Second, documents pertaining to the realization in print of Villa’s stories and his book are analyzed as sites of negotiations between colonial subject (Villa) and the colonial master (his American editors and publishers). Finally, an account of how Villa was made to circulate in the Philippines after the publication of his stories and his book in the United States is given. …


Front Matter, Kritika Kultura Dec 2024

Front Matter, Kritika Kultura

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Safehouse, Allan Popa Dec 2024

Safehouse, Allan Popa

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Salvage (Selections), Carl Javier Dec 2024

Salvage (Selections), Carl Javier

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Selected Days, Raymond John De Borja Dec 2024

Selected Days, Raymond John De Borja

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Crónica De Filipinas En La Poesía De Zoilo Hilario, Isaac Donoso Dec 2024

Crónica De Filipinas En La Poesía De Zoilo Hilario, Isaac Donoso

Kritika Kultura

Debido a la fragmentación lingüística, la literatura filipina en español, que había tenido el papel de diseñar el devenir de la nación, fue segregada y olvidada en bibliotecas y tiendas de antigüedades. De ser patrimonio nacional, la literatura filipina en español acabó constituyendo “recuerdos de familia”. Usando como ejemplo la vida y poesía en español de Zoilo Hilario (1892-1963), el presente artículo trata de realizar una crónica de Filipinas en el siglo XX atendiendo al valor estético y político del Modernismo filipino y al conflicto generacional que la intervención norteamericana produjo en el archipiélago. Desde el cenáculo literario «El Jardín …


“Dao”, Martin Villanueva Dec 2024

“Dao”, Martin Villanueva

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Staging The Nation: Claro M. Recto’S Domestic Dramas, Eugenio Matibag Dec 2024

Staging The Nation: Claro M. Recto’S Domestic Dramas, Eugenio Matibag

Kritika Kultura

Near the beginning of a prolific and productive career as a writer and statesman, Claro M. Recto (1890-1960) authored two prize-winning dramas that were performed at the Manila Grand Opera House. Each of the plays—La ruta de Damasco (1913) and Solo entre las sombras (1917)—is a drama that represents the interactions of an ilustrado family in its relationship to the imposition of cultural practices and power structures under American rule. This essay proposes that in these dramas written by an ilustrado and performed for an interpellated ilustrado audience, the ilustrado home stands as a metonym of the nation, its family …


Gods, Monsters, Heroes, And Tricksters In Adelina Gurrea’S Cuentos De Juana, Rosario Cruz-Lucero Dec 2024

Gods, Monsters, Heroes, And Tricksters In Adelina Gurrea’S Cuentos De Juana, Rosario Cruz-Lucero

Kritika Kultura

Gurrea’s Cuentos de Juana (Juana’s Tales) may be read as a palimpsest of the whole of Philippine history, with its indigenous system of thought and knowledge refusing to be erased or overwritten but instead, actively engaging with its colonial history. Colonialism did not so much mean the loss of the people’s teleological world as its dispersion into the Spanish world of significations. Moreover, as a unit of Philippine literary history, Cuentos bridges the gap between Philippine indigenous cosmology (now called “folklore” or even “superstition”) and modern narrative traditions. It thus confirms the continuity of this history, despite the interruptions wrought …


¡Hay Un Caimán!’: Una Aproximación Al Estudio Del Poema A La Laguna De Bay De Fernando Canon, Beatriz Álvarez Tardío Dec 2024

¡Hay Un Caimán!’: Una Aproximación Al Estudio Del Poema A La Laguna De Bay De Fernando Canon, Beatriz Álvarez Tardío

Kritika Kultura

Constancia es la clave para entender la figura de Fernando Canon, quien participó en muchos de los acontecimientos más importantes de la historia de Filipinas entre los siglos XIX y XX: un Ilustrado que luchó en la revolución del Katipunan; que ayudó a Rizal a distribuir su novela Noli me tangere en Filipinas en 1887; que tomó parte en el Congreso de Malolos; que enseñó en la Escuela de Ingeniería y Arquitectura; que fue Secretario del Conservatorio de Música de la Universidad de Filipinas cuando se fundó en 1916 y que escribió y publicó ensayos y poesía. Cuando tenía casi …


Editor’S Introduction, Adam Lifshey Dec 2024

Editor’S Introduction, Adam Lifshey

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Social Capital And The Martial Law Technocracy: The Making And Unmaking Of A Power Elite, Teresa S. Encarnacion Tadem Phd Dec 2024

Social Capital And The Martial Law Technocracy: The Making And Unmaking Of A Power Elite, Teresa S. Encarnacion Tadem Phd

Kritika Kultura

This paper attempts to show the extent to which a faction of the Philippine technocracy during the martial law years utilized its social capital (used interchangeably with cultural capital) to become a potent economic bloc in society only to see it gradually depleted.Led by then Prime Minister and concurrent Finance Minister Cesar E.A. Virata, this bloc consisted of key senior economic officials who were closely associated with IMF-World Bank policies. Their social capital was founded on their family and educational backgrounds, paving the way for their acquisition of the technical expertise required by the business community and later, by government. …


Death, Event, And A Deconstruction Of Gihapon In ‘Flores Ni Maria Santisima’, Cyril Belvis Dec 2024

Death, Event, And A Deconstruction Of Gihapon In ‘Flores Ni Maria Santisima’, Cyril Belvis

Kritika Kultura

This paper proposes a deconstructive reading of Flores ni Maria Santisima, a Hiligaynon novena written by Padre Raymundo Lozano and printed in 1867. Set against the economic bustle of nineteenth-century Iloilo after it opened port to foreign trade,the novena demonstrates a homological relationship between capitalism and the practice of spiritual accumulation in the Flores. Nevertheless,teasing out the liminality of this text undermines its self-assurance as a monologic triumph of signification.A recurrent word in the novena, gihapon (always) plays an important transactional role in the promise of a happy death. As an incalculable event which subverts anticipation, death is a call …


Nativism Or Universalism: Situating Lgbt Discourse In The Philippines, J. Neil C. Garcia Dec 2024

Nativism Or Universalism: Situating Lgbt Discourse In The Philippines, J. Neil C. Garcia

Kritika Kultura

Despite or precisely because of the fact that it is being increasingly globally invoked, the LGBT signifier bids us to understand its discursive performances in various localities, particularly in the global south, whose conservative traditions this form of politics most visibly challenges, at the same time that it can only do so translationally—which is to say, as a form of transcultural syncretism. More specifically, this paper offers a postcolonial reading of LGBT discourse in the Philippines, examining the confluence between the discourse of Western “psychospirituality” and the local idiom of interiority (kalooban), as evinced, in particular, in the minoritized identity …