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2024

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Bodies And Body Politics Of China's Northeastern Rust Belt, Yina Cao, Xudong Guo Dec 2024

Bodies And Body Politics Of China's Northeastern Rust Belt, Yina Cao, Xudong Guo

Kritika Kultura

The old industrial zone in northeastern China—China’s rust belt region—is a fertile site to explore the body’s political significance in China’s industrial rises and falls. In recent years, writers in the rust belt region have been increasingly concerned about the social impact of the region’s economic decline, with Zhang Meng’s film The Piano in a Factory (2010) and Shuang Xuetao’s novella Moses on the Plain (2016) being the most representative. Taking these two ar- tistic works as examples, this article discusses the implications of “organ” metaphors describ- ing the “rust belt.” This article uses the perspective of body politics and …


Toxic Environments In The Handmaid's Tale, Its Sequels, And Other Feminist Dystopias, Péter Hajdu Dec 2024

Toxic Environments In The Handmaid's Tale, Its Sequels, And Other Feminist Dystopias, Péter Hajdu

Kritika Kultura

Margaret Atwood’s 1985 novel, The Handmaid’s Tale, was much more concerned with sexist oppression than environmental issues. The late 2010s experienced a boom in feminist dystopian novels, including a sequel by Atwood herself, and the television series adaptation of the novel is also part of this trend. This development evolves in a much more environmentally conscious context, which necessarily influences the interpretation both of the 1985 novel and the sequels. This article offers readings of recent feminist dystopias from the viewpoint of current environmental crises, especially the pollution crisis and climate change. The basic problem the religious fundamentalist regime of …


Reading Corporeality In The Climate Change Era: A Comparative Study Of Seamus Heaney's And Hua Hai's Ecological Poetry, Chao Xie Dec 2024

Reading Corporeality In The Climate Change Era: A Comparative Study Of Seamus Heaney's And Hua Hai's Ecological Poetry, Chao Xie

Kritika Kultura

Few critics have paid serious attention to the corporeality depicted in the Nobel Laureate Seamus Heaney’s climate change poetry, despite the fact that the body has become an increasingly crucial topic in the climate change era. In a situation similar to Heaney’s, the Chinese ecopoet Hua Hai has stressed the mutual transformations between different forms of bodies in his works, but there have been few studies on Hua’s ideas of the body. These ideas are closely related to Confucianism and Daoism in particular. This article, referencing corporeal theories in the West and the East, is a comparative reading of Heaney’s …


Corporeality, Genetic Technology, And Climate Change In The Year Of The Flood, Young-Hyun Lee Dec 2024

Corporeality, Genetic Technology, And Climate Change In The Year Of The Flood, Young-Hyun Lee

Kritika Kultura

In her novel The Year of the Flood, Margaret Atwood vividly illustrates the unmistakable impact of climate change on people’s lives these days. Genetic manipulation has become one of the technologies that people have grown dependent on to solve environmental problems in this age of climate change, where severe droughts, rising sea levels, melting glaciers, and the like are being reported more frequently than ever. But genetic engineering has profound consequences for human corporealities, as both COVID-19 and The Year of the Flood show. In the novel, Atwood presents a world where humanity finds it hardly possible to survive without …


Corpus Interruptus: An Introduction To The Forum Kritika On Theorizing Corporeality In The Climate Change Era, Simon C. Estok Dec 2024

Corpus Interruptus: An Introduction To The Forum Kritika On Theorizing Corporeality In The Climate Change Era, Simon C. Estok

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


A Tropical Traumaturgy: Rereading The Folk In "May Bagyo Ma't May Rilim", Christian Jil R. Benitez Dec 2024

A Tropical Traumaturgy: Rereading The Folk In "May Bagyo Ma't May Rilim", Christian Jil R. Benitez

Kritika Kultura

As a counterpoint to the foremost understanding of the poem dubbed as “May Bagyo Ma’t May Rilim” (lit. “There may be storm and dark”) (1605) as an articulation of an unnamed native’s submission to Catholicism, as well as a testament to their then unwavering faith, the present essay attempts to reconsider the poem through a comparative reading alongside folk poetry wagered to have come from earlier times. In other words, the poem is reread through a temporal realignment of it in the conventional periodization of Philippine (literary) history, moving it from its frequent grouping among texts from (early) Spanish colonization …


Postcolonial Pharmakon: Traumatic Transmission In Tony Perez's Cubao-Kalaw Kalaw-Cubao, Ryan Ku Dec 2024

Postcolonial Pharmakon: Traumatic Transmission In Tony Perez's Cubao-Kalaw Kalaw-Cubao, Ryan Ku

Kritika Kultura

Tracing Tony Perez’s Filipino modernism in Cubao–Kalaw Kalaw–Cubao to trauma, this article considers whether the novel’s processing of psychic trauma also amounts to the processing of national trauma. Seemingly positing representation as the means of traumatic processing, Perez, in distinguishing the unconscious transmission of the traumatic event from the conscious narration of its aftereffects, in fact premises representation on deconstruction. Consisting in the displaced and deferred repetition, or writing, of trauma, this process is facilitated in the novel by three discursive practices—Catholicism, psychotherapy, and creative writing—that are derived from the colonial history of the Philippines. Rather than corresponding to the …


The Compositional Paradox In Violence: Classes Of Bhadralok And Chotolk In The Naxalite Novel, Debjani Sarkar, Nirban Manna Dec 2024

The Compositional Paradox In Violence: Classes Of Bhadralok And Chotolk In The Naxalite Novel, Debjani Sarkar, Nirban Manna

Kritika Kultura

This article problematizes the class and caste-based binary of the bhadralok and the chotolok entwined with the Naxalite/Maoist insurgency in India. These long-catalogued terms have been defined and categorized in this article through a study of Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Lowland (2013) and Swati Sengupta’s Guns on My Red Earth (2013). In the 1970s, India’s tryst with communism in the form of the Naxalite-Maoist movement saw these two srenis (bhadralok and chotolok) of Bengali society come together. Though superficially corresponding to the Marxist class binary of the bourgeois and the proletariat, these classes entail a subtle difference and do not necessarily …


Memory Lost And Revived: Zhang Chengzhi's Fictional Works On Educated Youth Sent To The Countryside, Jane Qian Liu Dec 2024

Memory Lost And Revived: Zhang Chengzhi's Fictional Works On Educated Youth Sent To The Countryside, Jane Qian Liu

Kritika Kultura

The experience of life as sent-down youth was often depicted as a poignant life journey in many contemporary Chinese literary works, the memory of which people tend to obliterate. However, in his earlier fictional works, particularly in Rivers of the North (1984), Zhang Chengzhi (b. 1948) endeavors to revive that memory by having his protagonists revisit the locations where they were once sent, as a result of which they not only revisit “inhabited space”, but also relive “past time”. Youthful idealism which is closely associated with these geographical peripheries is revived and the memory of life as sent-down youth once …


The Postcolonial Condition In Kiran Desai's The Inheritance Of Loss: Predicament Of Migrants And Resistance Of Minorities, Sheikh Mehedi Hasan Dec 2024

The Postcolonial Condition In Kiran Desai's The Inheritance Of Loss: Predicament Of Migrants And Resistance Of Minorities, Sheikh Mehedi Hasan

Kritika Kultura

Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss (2006) juxtaposes two worlds—Kalimpong in India and New York in the US—and explores themes such as migration, alienation, globalization, multiculturalism, and, of course, neocolonialism. However, this article mainly focuses on how the novel encapsulates the predicament of the postcolonial condition, conceptualizing the postcolonial condition as a global condition of power relations continuing from the advent of colonial capitalism. In doing so, the article, with reference to Michel Foucault’s analysis of power, violence, and resistance, examines the fragmented stories of individuals as reflected in the novel to demonstrate that the plight of the postcolonial condition …


Democratic Poetics: A Comparative Study Of The Us And Iran, Behnam Fomeshi Dec 2024

Democratic Poetics: A Comparative Study Of The Us And Iran, Behnam Fomeshi

Kritika Kultura

Walt Whitman (1819–1892), the father of American free verse, and Nima Yushij (1897–1960), the father of Persian New Poetry, each played a central role in his respective poetic tradition. Whitman’s free verse and Yushij’s New Poetry are the results of translating the discourse of democracy to a literary discourse. In this way, there are multiple points of comparison between these poets’ corresponding approaches to poetic theory, practice, and context. The purpose of the present study is to unravel the relationship between sociopolitical situations in Whitman’s and Yushij’s societies and examine the resulting literary changes. Analysis of the points of similarity …


A Study On Reconstruction Of Movement And Space In Basho's Haiku: Movement And Space On Horse, Hyunyoung Lee, Jooyoung Kim Dec 2024

A Study On Reconstruction Of Movement And Space In Basho's Haiku: Movement And Space On Horse, Hyunyoung Lee, Jooyoung Kim

Kritika Kultura

To write a poem is to unlock an immaterial space to invite and inhabit varied events and people from the material space. Japanese haiku is a fixed-verse poetry with a 5-7-5 string of sound units. Interestingly, Matsuo Bashō (松尾芭蕉: 1644-1694), the best-known Japanese haiku poet, succeeds in unfolding a diversity of spatialities through this 17-syllable genre. How could Bashō use only 17 syllables to open complicated spatialities in his haiku? To do this, Bashō implants a series of mobile variables into his haiku. Horse, as a figure constantly interacting with Bashō in the journey, stands out from other living beings, …


Consumed By Affects: Kwentong Jollibee [Jollibee Stories], Happy Objects, And The Formation Of Intimate Publics, Jeremy De Chavez Dec 2024

Consumed By Affects: Kwentong Jollibee [Jollibee Stories], Happy Objects, And The Formation Of Intimate Publics, Jeremy De Chavez

Kritika Kultura

In 2016, the Jollibee Food Corporation, a Philippine multinational company that owns the world’s largest Asia-based fast-food chain Jollibee, launched Kwentong Jollibee [Jollibee Stories], a highly successful digital marketing campaign. Kwentong Jollibee advertisements have a reputation for being able to express the shared sentiments of a diverse collective. Typically simple and highly sentimental narratives, those advertisements promote good intentions and feelings as reliable and facile antidotes to everyday problems, cultivating a commodity culture that encourages an irrational trust in the powers of positive affects. In this paper, I examine the role of positive feelings and affects in synchronizing private and …


Construction And Comprehension Of Fictional Dystopia: A Cognitive Study Of Anna Burns's Milkman, Roghayeh Farsi, Abbas Ali Hallaji Dec 2024

Construction And Comprehension Of Fictional Dystopia: A Cognitive Study Of Anna Burns's Milkman, Roghayeh Farsi, Abbas Ali Hallaji

Kritika Kultura

This paper investigates how fictional dystopia is constructed and comprehended, relying upon the cognitive operations of categorization and positioning. It argues that characters develop out of tensions between self-aligned categories and others-aligned ones. The argument is carried out through a detailed analysis of Burns’s fictional dystopia, Milkman (2018). It divides the novel along three story levels, each level examining how the narrator, as the presenting self, positions her presented self with respect to other characters, to herself, and to readers. The study also looks for the narrator’s cognitive urges for portraying herself along the imposed categories and inflicted positions. It …


The Philippines In Contemporary Mexican Poetry: Presence And Omission, Ignacio Ballester Pardo Dec 2024

The Philippines In Contemporary Mexican Poetry: Presence And Omission, Ignacio Ballester Pardo

Kritika Kultura

In 1606, Antonio de Morga published Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, appearing to establish a point of contact, which endures in the still-overlooked but undeniably extant relationship of the Philippines with contemporary Mexican Spanish-language poetry. Although minimal, certain Philippine ties have been observed in recent decades in Mexico, the country with the greatest number of Spanish speakers in the world. Unlike Cuba or Puerto Rico, the Philippines has been forgotten by Hispanic culture in a tradition that continues in the twenty-first century. Despite this uprooting from, which might be observed in a first a preliminary study that other researchers may …


Editor's Introduction, Vincenz Serrano Dec 2024

Editor's Introduction, Vincenz Serrano

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Front Matter, Kritika Kultura Dec 2024

Front Matter, Kritika Kultura

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Filipino/English Play-Drive, E. San Juan Jr. Dec 2024

Filipino/English Play-Drive, E. San Juan Jr.

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Father's Rearview Mirror: Translation Of Huang Yongmei's Story, Hang Lin Dec 2024

Father's Rearview Mirror: Translation Of Huang Yongmei's Story, Hang Lin

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


The Last Bakunawa: Self-Translation With Notes, Allan N. Derain Dec 2024

The Last Bakunawa: Self-Translation With Notes, Allan N. Derain

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Manwal Ng Paparating / A Primer For Portents: Self-Translation With Notes, Jael Mendoza Dec 2024

Manwal Ng Paparating / A Primer For Portents: Self-Translation With Notes, Jael Mendoza

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


A Dangerous Man, Ana Margarita R. Nuñez Dec 2024

A Dangerous Man, Ana Margarita R. Nuñez

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Ethical Traditions In British Dram: A Case Study Of Oscar Wilde And George Bernard Shaw, Maosheng Liu Dec 2024

Ethical Traditions In British Dram: A Case Study Of Oscar Wilde And George Bernard Shaw, Maosheng Liu

Kritika Kultura

Victorian literature, both its creation and criticism, mainly focused on the significance of morality and religion, and viewed literature as beneficial to the heart of mankind. Oscar Wilde, widely considered as an aesthete, is one such literary figure of the Victorian era who espouses the doctrine of “art for art’s sake.” His artistic style incorporates rich ethical connotations, and the interplay between aesthetics and ethics presents characteristics of both conflict and integration in his works. On the other hand, the problem plays of Henrik Ibsen, the so-called father of modern drama, exerted a profound influence on George Bernard Shaw, the …


Positronic Brain Vs. Human Brain: Robots' Brain Text As The Representation Of Ethical Guiding Principles In Isaac Asimov's The Complete Robot, Wen Guo Dec 2024

Positronic Brain Vs. Human Brain: Robots' Brain Text As The Representation Of Ethical Guiding Principles In Isaac Asimov's The Complete Robot, Wen Guo

Kritika Kultura

This article contributes to a large discussion on the paradigm of Isaac Asimov’s robot stories— the positronic brain—and postulates that the “Three Laws of Robotics” represent essential guiding principles of ethical systems by applying the concept of “brain text” with the framework of Zhenzhao Nie’s ethical literary criticism. With focus on the analogy between positronic brain and human brain, and based on the analysis from The Complete Robot (2018), this article argues that the positronic brain is the embodiment of the qualities of humans’ ethical choices by gathering and calculating the programmed brain text. By raising a copy-versus-real ethical issue, …


Brain Text, Brain-To-Text, And The Mind Style Of Literature, Songlin Wang Dec 2024

Brain Text, Brain-To-Text, And The Mind Style Of Literature, Songlin Wang

Kritika Kultura

Zhenzhao Nie’s ethical literary criticism, specifically his theory of brain text and ethical selection, envisions an innovative and energetic understanding of the psychological and ethical processing of literature in the brain. This is evidenced by a survey of the ontological controversy between dualism and monism and a review of contemporary research in neuroscience, together with an investigation of the concept of brain text. Based on a comparative study of the neurolinguistic and neuroethical approaches and Nie’s theory of brain text, the paper endorses Nie in his proposal of the brain text as the source of literature and his advocating of …


Brain Text And Sphinx Factor: An Ethical Interpretation Of Adultery In Julian Barnes's Fiction, Yili Tang Dec 2024

Brain Text And Sphinx Factor: An Ethical Interpretation Of Adultery In Julian Barnes's Fiction, Yili Tang

Kritika Kultura

The theme of adultery occupies a central position in literature as it features intense emotions and conflicts between the self and others in its interplay of loyalty and illicit desire. From the perspective of ethical literary criticism, brain text and Sphinx factor are two critical terms that help us explore the value of adultery as a fictional theme. As one of the basic forms of a material carrier that literary work relies on, brain text stores human beings’ cognition and perception as memory in its special biological form, interacting with the Sphinx factor which is composed of two parts — …


Ethical Selection And Brain Text: The Development Of Ethical Literary Criticism, Gexin Yang, Hongxia Zheng Dec 2024

Ethical Selection And Brain Text: The Development Of Ethical Literary Criticism, Gexin Yang, Hongxia Zheng

Kritika Kultura

This essay examines the discursive emergence of ethical literary criticism—a new wave of theory and practice of literary criticism that has developed in the West even as it has also historically thrived in China. It begins with the revival of ethical criticism in the West when American ethical criticism blossomed and advanced new conceptions of reading. The paper then turns “eastward” to China and discusses the historical context in which ethical literary criticism emerged in the country. It surveys the history of importation of Western theories and the resulting inundation of the “theoretical complex” since China’s opening up to the …


Problematizing The Validity Of Neurethics And Moral Treatment: Brain Text As A New Humanistic Approach To Moral Education, Yanyan Jia, Houliang Chen Dec 2024

Problematizing The Validity Of Neurethics And Moral Treatment: Brain Text As A New Humanistic Approach To Moral Education, Yanyan Jia, Houliang Chen

Kritika Kultura

With the advancements in neuroscience and technology, the neurocognitive approach to the human brain seems to outrun the traditional humanistic approach to moral studies, while its demystification and biological reduction of morality is also questionable, particularly, its implicative suggestion for moral treatment. Contrastingly, ethical literary criticism, especially the brain text theory proposed by Zhenzhao Nie, enlightens us with a new approach to moral education. Essentially different from the clinical moral treatment advocated by neuroethics, ethical literary criticism does not diagnose a particular reader as a “moral patient” in advance, but instead thinks it necessary for all people to get good …


Ethical Literary Criticism, Brain Text, And Ian Mcewan's Machines Like Me, Biwu Shang, Fong Keng Seng Dec 2024

Ethical Literary Criticism, Brain Text, And Ian Mcewan's Machines Like Me, Biwu Shang, Fong Keng Seng

Kritika Kultura

From the perspective of the conceptual system of ethical literary criticism and specific key concepts such as brain text and electronic text, this paper attempts to examine the conflicts between the mechanical and the human in Ian McEwan’s novel Machines Like Me (2019) in order to explore issues such as natural selection, ethical selection, ethical consciousness, and artificial intelligence. Taking these thematic concerns as reference points, this paper argues that a human being is a product of natural selection and ethical selection, while a machine is a product of scientific selection. In the novel, the conflicts between the three main …


Introduction: Ethical Literary Criticism, Brain Text, And New Readings Of World Literature, Biwu Shang, Maria Luisa F. Torres Reyes Dec 2024

Introduction: Ethical Literary Criticism, Brain Text, And New Readings Of World Literature, Biwu Shang, Maria Luisa F. Torres Reyes

Kritika Kultura

This introduction briefly frames the parameters within which the eight articles of the Forum explore the topic of ethical literary criticism, and more specifically brain text, and attempts at reading anew selected texts from World Literature. In addition to offering brief summaries of the articles, it also reflects on possible directions for future research and theory and practice of ethical criticism in response to recent developments in the literary scene like the rise of new “genres” in the digital world.