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2024

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Microplastics In The Mix: Types And Retention Of Microplastics Within A Mixed Species Seagrass Meadow In The Tamar Estuary, Ida S. Kreuze Dec 2024

Microplastics In The Mix: Types And Retention Of Microplastics Within A Mixed Species Seagrass Meadow In The Tamar Estuary, Ida S. Kreuze

The Plymouth Student Scientist

Microplastic pollution in coastal systems is becoming increasingly prevalent and a commonly discussed topic in science and the media. Seagrass beds have been identified as highly vulnerable environments to microplastic pollution due to their nature as traps for particulate matter in the water column, and their role in habitat production and blue carbon storage makes them of high conservation concern. This study examined a mixed species seagrass bed in the Tamar Estuary in Plymouth Sound, composed of Nanozostera noltei and a morphology of Zostera marina, to identify how seagrass shoot density and sediment particle size impacted the number and …


Rooting For Resilience: Investigating The Success Of Seagrass Restoration Methods, Olivia K. Stockdale Dec 2024

Rooting For Resilience: Investigating The Success Of Seagrass Restoration Methods, Olivia K. Stockdale

The Plymouth Student Scientist

Seagrasses generate vital ecosystem services to coastal communities, whilst also protecting marine biodiversity. Despite their significance, seagrass ecosystems face a plethora of threats from both anthropogenic and natural sources, causing a 20 % loss of seagrass area over the last century. To combat this, numerous restoration methods exist for seagrass habitats globally, with varying degrees of success. Through a comprehensive systematic review and subsequent meta-analysis, this study illustrates the varying success rates of different transplant and seed-based restoration methods over differing timescales. Accounting for varying timescales, results showed that restoration method had a significant effect on success rate (χ2 …


Synthesis And Characterisation Of An Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor, Elijah Rahman-Riding Dec 2024

Synthesis And Characterisation Of An Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor, Elijah Rahman-Riding

The Plymouth Student Scientist

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are currently the only effective treatment for people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects 50 million people worldwide at present but is expected to rise dramatically over the next 30 years. The aim of this research was to synthesise an AChE inhibitor derivative of tacrine, 4-chloro-2(((1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridin-9yl)imino)methyl)phenol (chlorophenol tacrine). This was achieved by first synthesising tacrine, evidencing successful synthesis and assaying purity of the product, then, synthesising a simple derivative, acetyl tacrine, before chlorophenol tacrine. At every stage of the investigation comprehensive structural analysis of each product was obtained using FT-IR, CHN analysis, GC-FID, …


Development Of A Climbing Performance Analysis Tool Using Computer Vision, Guy Ludford Dec 2024

Development Of A Climbing Performance Analysis Tool Using Computer Vision, Guy Ludford

The Plymouth Student Scientist

Indoor bouldering, a rapidly growing sport in the UK and globally, has seen a significant rise in participation, paralleled by an increase in the use of fitness apps and wearable trackers. Despite this growth, tracking and recording metrics for indoor climbing remains a challenge. This paper proposes an automated tool utilising computer vision and a gym-wide camera system to collect data on routes climbed and attempts made, without the need for manual logging. This tool aims to provide climbers with detailed performance analysis and support climbing gyms in optimising route setting and member engagement. Initial market research and discussions with …


Investigation Of The Use Of Nanotechnology In Food Packaging, Ollie-May Woodland Dec 2024

Investigation Of The Use Of Nanotechnology In Food Packaging, Ollie-May Woodland

The Plymouth Student Scientist

This review discusses topics related to the use and development of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in food packaging applications. The accelerated use of these technologies brings about relevant safety, environmental, ethical and legislative/ regulatory concerns and as such the aim of this work is to assess the viability of the use of current commercialised nano-enabled packaging and to evaluate the potential future trends in the progression of these technologies against public opinion and potential risk(s). The data for this report was collected through comprehensive research of nanotechnology and its applications, specifically the packaging industry in the food sector. An online survey …


Influence Of Patch Characteristics On Pollinator Behavior And Seed Production In Centaurea Stoebe, Abigail Hiltke Dec 2024

Influence Of Patch Characteristics On Pollinator Behavior And Seed Production In Centaurea Stoebe, Abigail Hiltke

Theses - ALL

Discontinuous, or patchy, landscapes may affect pollinator foraging behaviors and could potentially lower the fitness of isolated plant communities by limiting and/or altering pollination services. I tested this idea by examining changes in pollinator behavior in patches of spotted knapweed of different size, flower density, and distance from one another. Based on predictions from optimal foraging theory, I identified and measured key pollination promoting behaviors that may change when foragers are exposed to discontinuous landscape. These behaviors were pollinator visitation rates to patches, the number of visits to individual flowers within patches, and the handling time per flower. These factors …


Application Of Two-Directional Carbonyl Ene Reaction To The Synthesis Of Complex Tetrahydropyrans, And Studies Toward The Synthesis Of C26-C39 Subunit Of Spirastrellolide B., Md Abid Abid Hasan Dec 2024

Application Of Two-Directional Carbonyl Ene Reaction To The Synthesis Of Complex Tetrahydropyrans, And Studies Toward The Synthesis Of C26-C39 Subunit Of Spirastrellolide B., Md Abid Abid Hasan

Dissertations - ALL

The use of exocyclic enol ethers as nucleophiles in carbon-carbon bond forming reactions has been underutilized in organic synthesis. This work describes the use of 6-iodomethyl-2-methylenetetrahydropyran as a bis-exocyclic enol ether equivalent for the synthesis of pyran derivatives. Use of this linchpin allows for bidirectional elaboration of the pyran core by two directional carbonyl ene. The development of a convergent, modular synthesis of 2,6-disubstituted-4H-pyrans in a three-step sequence starting from 6-iodomethyl-2-methylenetetrahydropyran is described. Initial carbonyl ene reaction of 6-iodomethyl-2-methylenetetrahydropyran with aldehydes or activated ketones was followed by elimination of iodide to give cross oriented bis-enol ethers that contain both endocyclic …


Effects Of Self-Determination Theory (Sdt)-Based Instructional Strategies On Learner Engagement In Asynchronous Online Discussions (Aods), Qi Wu Dec 2024

Effects Of Self-Determination Theory (Sdt)-Based Instructional Strategies On Learner Engagement In Asynchronous Online Discussions (Aods), Qi Wu

Dissertations - ALL

Abstract Learner engagement is a malleable state influenced by various contextual factors. Prior research has identified several elements that affect engagement, including learning styles, course perception, computer self-efficacy, and a sense of presence. Furthermore, it is imperative to consider both learner engagement dimensions and environmental affordances when investigating learner engagement. This study, grounded in Self-Determination Theory (SDT), investigates the effects of SDT-based instructional strategies on learner engagement in asynchronous online discussions (AODs). The primary aim is to examine how these strategies, designed to support learners perceived psychological needs of autonomy, relatedness, and competence, affect behavioral, cognitive, and emotional dimensions of …


Disability And Transformation: Exploring The Lived Experiences Of Students With Disabilities In South African Higher Education, Hester (Hetsie) Petronella Veitch Dec 2024

Disability And Transformation: Exploring The Lived Experiences Of Students With Disabilities In South African Higher Education, Hester (Hetsie) Petronella Veitch

Dissertations - ALL

In this dissertation, I explore the lived experiences of students with disabilities in South African higher education within the context of post-apartheid transformation. Using constructivist grounded theory and drawing on Critical Disability Studies, Dis/ability Critical Race Studies (DisCrit), Critical Whiteness Studies, and decolonizing methodologies, in this study, I examine how students make meaning of their educational experiences and how these align with transformation ideals. Through interviews with 16 students, the research reveals the complexities of disability identity, disclosure, institutional support, and the impact of intersecting marginalized identities. Findings highlight a disconnect between institutional rhetoric and students' realities, particularly in creating …


Real-Time Control (Rtc)-Based Urban Flood Risk Assessment Framework For Arid And Semi-Arid Regions, Sulaiman Altami Dec 2024

Real-Time Control (Rtc)-Based Urban Flood Risk Assessment Framework For Arid And Semi-Arid Regions, Sulaiman Altami

Dissertations - ALL

Global climate change has recently increased Flood Risk (FR) disasters in arid and semi-arid regions, particularly in Gulf countries, such as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Arid regions generally face low rain on average during a year, but flash floods occur during rainfall of longer return periods due to urbanization and climate change. Flood Risk Assessment (FRA) outcomes enable municipalities (planners and decision-makers) in arid urban areas to develop flood management strategies and mitigate the issues of drainage systems, which may otherwise affect the quality of life. FRA is an effective tool for not only identifying high-risk areas but …


The Occurrence And Biogeochemical Cycling Of Quaternary, Ternary And Volatile Amines In Marine Systems, Mark Fitzsimons, Ruth Airs, Yin Chen Dec 2024

The Occurrence And Biogeochemical Cycling Of Quaternary, Ternary And Volatile Amines In Marine Systems, Mark Fitzsimons, Ruth Airs, Yin Chen

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

This review provides a critical assessment of knowledge regarding the occurrence and behaviour of volatile, low molecular weight amines, particularly methylamines and quaternary amines, in marine aquatic systems. It provides an up-to-date evaluation of their presence within marine ecosystems, the processes likely to control their flux across the sea-air interface, and analytical techniques associated with their measurement. Interest in the occurrence and cycling of these groups of compounds in seawater has increased within the last 10–15 years, due to their potential role in climate regulation. As such, the need for wider measurements and mechanistic studies to elucidate their role within …


The Ghostly Angel In The Haunted Home: The Haunted House As A Metaphor For A Woman's Body In Crimson Peak, Andrea I. Amado-Fajardo Dec 2024

The Ghostly Angel In The Haunted Home: The Haunted House As A Metaphor For A Woman's Body In Crimson Peak, Andrea I. Amado-Fajardo

Theses and Dissertations

Crimson Peak (2015, dir. Guillermo del Toro), often overshadowed by del Toro's more critically acclaimed filmography, deserves to be acknowledged for its central trauma metaphor and its nuanced approach to gender. Far from being merely a horror movie fueled by disturbing sequences such as those found in contemporary supernatural horror films, Crimson Peak slowly unravels how Allerdale Hall parallels the film's female leads as they house and live with ghosts, revenants of a traumatic past. This essay explores the personification of the haunted house as a metaphor for the personified trauma that resides in a woman's body using Crimson Peak …


Development Of A Real-Time Convolution System To Simulate Speech In Different Rooms For The Study Of Vocal Strain, Bethany E. Wu Dec 2024

Development Of A Real-Time Convolution System To Simulate Speech In Different Rooms For The Study Of Vocal Strain, Bethany E. Wu

Theses and Dissertations

Due to prevalent vocal health issues in teachers, the acoustics of K-12 classrooms has become a topic of study in acoustics. One way to understand the effects of a classroom's physical space on speech is with vocal effort studies. This thesis aims to enable these studies, without the need to move a talker from room to room, by creating auralizations through real-time convolution of speech with oral binaural room impulse responses (OBRIRs). These auralizations can be used to test talkers inside an anechoic chamber as they experience speaking in different acoustical environments. A system that can successfully execute convolution in …


Toward A Broader Theocentric Environmentalism, Melvin L. Otey Dec 2024

Toward A Broader Theocentric Environmentalism, Melvin L. Otey

Duke Environmental Law & Policy Forum

No abstract provided.


Journal Staff Dec 2024

Journal Staff

Duke Environmental Law & Policy Forum

No abstract provided.


Altruistic Arbitrage And Climate Change Mitigation:Rethinking The Role Of Cap And Trade Policies, Fatjon Kaja, Matthew G. Nagler Dec 2024

Altruistic Arbitrage And Climate Change Mitigation:Rethinking The Role Of Cap And Trade Policies, Fatjon Kaja, Matthew G. Nagler

Duke Environmental Law & Policy Forum

We examine the implications for efficient public goods provision by exploring the relationship of altruism to the endowment effect, focusing our analysis on the problem of climate change mitigation. We argue that the reduction in distortionary valuation (i.e., willingness-to-accept departing from willingness-to-pay) experienced by altruistic market participants implies an ability to mediate ignored trades and extract the gains from trade — an activity we call "altruistic arbitrage" — thereby improving the efficiency of markets. This activity, broadly speaking, restores the Coase Theorem in the context of WTA-WTP disparities. Moreover, it leads to previously unidentified benefits to when markets are employed …


On The Brink: Red Wolves On The Albemarle Peninsula, Jessica Hardee Dec 2024

On The Brink: Red Wolves On The Albemarle Peninsula, Jessica Hardee

Duke Environmental Law & Policy Forum

No abstract provided.


Addressing The Access To Justice Crisis: Think Systemically, Act Locally, Nikole Nelson Dec 2024

Addressing The Access To Justice Crisis: Think Systemically, Act Locally, Nikole Nelson

Alaska Law Review

No abstract provided.


Community Justice Workers: Part Of The Solution To Alaska's Legal Deserts, Joy Anderson, Sarah Carver, Dr. Robert Onders Dec 2024

Community Justice Workers: Part Of The Solution To Alaska's Legal Deserts, Joy Anderson, Sarah Carver, Dr. Robert Onders

Alaska Law Review

Legal deserts—large geographic areas where there are few or no attorneys—are found throughout the United States, including Alaska. These deserts are a major contributor to the access to justice gap. Further compounding the scarcity of legal resources in these areas, many people living in legal deserts cannot afford legal help, even when a lawyer is available. Legal aid organizations have struggled to overcome these challenges in meeting the legal needs of low-income Americans and are often forced to turn away as many people as they are able to help. Alaska Legal Services Corporation (ALSC) is responding to this challenge in …


Note From The Editor Dec 2024

Note From The Editor

Alaska Law Review

No abstract provided.


Justice Beyond The State, Kirsten Matoy Carlson Dec 2024

Justice Beyond The State, Kirsten Matoy Carlson

Alaska Law Review

For decades the intersectionality of extreme rurality and cultural difference has led scholars and tribal leaders to advocate for recognition of local authority as a solution to the justice gap in rural Alaska. Local control often means developing courts in and extending jurisdiction to Alaska Native villages. This Article evaluates strengthening tribal courts or justice systems through restorations of jurisdiction as a way to address access to justice issues in Alaska Native villages. It argues that restorations of jurisdiction and the development of tribal justice systems must ensure that Alaska Natives define the justice provided in their communities. Restorations of …


Next Steps In Online Courts: Accelerating Access Tojustice Through Court Technology, J.J. Prescott Dec 2024

Next Steps In Online Courts: Accelerating Access Tojustice Through Court Technology, J.J. Prescott

Alaska Law Review

For more than a decade, state courts have been expanding access to justice by adopting online dispute resolution (ODR) platforms and other outward-facing communication technologies. At a deep level, these reforms aim at improving society by bolstering the rule of law. At a surface level, these innovations recognize that the justice system works better when courts and law are easier and less costly to understand and use. In important respects, these efforts have been a success. The accessibility of many state courts is considerably more robust today than it was ten years ago, at least for small-stakes cases, like traffic …


Alaska's Healthcare Markets: The Free Market Is Nota "Cure", Katie Raya Dec 2024

Alaska's Healthcare Markets: The Free Market Is Nota "Cure", Katie Raya

Alaska Law Review

Healthcare reform in the United States requires a nuanced approach to improve quality and access while managing costs—a challenge particularly pronounced in Alaska. Despite being the highest spender on healthcare globally, the U.S. fails to deliver commensurate health outcomes, with Alaska exemplifying these systemic issues. The state faces the highest healthcare costs in the nation yet performs poorly in quality and access metrics. This situation has prompted urgent legislative scrutiny of existing policies, such as the Certificate of Need (CON) Law and the 80th Percentile Rule. This Note critically evaluates the argument that deregulating Alaska's healthcare market will lead to …


Alaska's Arm-Of-The-Tribe Jurisprudence: Ito V. Copper River Native Association And Its Contribution To A More Uniform System Of Justice In America, Jack Jeffrey, Erik Gordon Dec 2024

Alaska's Arm-Of-The-Tribe Jurisprudence: Ito V. Copper River Native Association And Its Contribution To A More Uniform System Of Justice In America, Jack Jeffrey, Erik Gordon

Alaska Law Review

The Alaska Supreme Court recently overhauled its approach to arm-of-the-tribe sovereign immunity in Ito v. Copper River Native Association. The Court no longer utilizes financial insularity as a dispositive inquiry; instead, the Court has adopted a five-factor test that takes into account (1) the purpose of the entity’s creation, (2) the method of the entity's creation, (3) the degree of control the tribe maintains over the entity, (4) tribal intent concerning sharing sovereign immunity, and (5) financial relationship. This decision serves as a positive development for two reasons: (1) it is a step towards the elimination of a dual-track …


Journal Staff Dec 2024

Journal Staff

Alaska Law Review

No abstract provided.


Glacial Progress: Thawing The Path To A Law School In Alaska, Kathrine Coonjohn Dec 2024

Glacial Progress: Thawing The Path To A Law School In Alaska, Kathrine Coonjohn

Alaska Law Review

My contribution to this symposium is clear: to advocate for the establishment of an Alaskan law school. As the only state in the nation without one Alaska keenly suffers the repercussions of this absence. The resulting void creates shortages of legal professionals, reduces opportunities for continuing legal education, cultural and community disconnection, and contributes to brain drain. Further, it undermines the state's legal infrastructure and limits access to justice. Despite significant logistical and financial hurdles, including the high costs of establishment and sustainability concerns, the need for a local legal institution is undeniable, and this need will only grow more …


When Politics No Longer Stops At The Water’S Edge: Exploring The Effects Of Asymmetric Partisan Polarization On The United States Senate’S Treaty Approval Process, Whitney Baillie-Berring Dec 2024

When Politics No Longer Stops At The Water’S Edge: Exploring The Effects Of Asymmetric Partisan Polarization On The United States Senate’S Treaty Approval Process, Whitney Baillie-Berring

Dissertations - ALL

The American treaty ratification process is deeply flawed. The Constitutional rules for treaty ratification, specifically that treaties are reviewed by the Senate Foreign Relations Committee prior to voting on the Senate floor and that positive advice and consent requires a 2/3 majority in the Senate, leaves the process rife with opportunities for veto players to prevent treaties from moving through the process. Because treaties are the primary means of codifying international cooperation, the inability to pass treaties has dire consequences for the United States. Recently, the U.S. has increasingly failed to consent to treaty ratification, either through formal rejection or …


The Evolution Of The University Of Al-Anbar Urban Planning Based On The Mental Picture's Diversity And The Contemporary Planning Spaces Filling, Ali Abdulsamea Hameed Dec 2024

The Evolution Of The University Of Al-Anbar Urban Planning Based On The Mental Picture's Diversity And The Contemporary Planning Spaces Filling, Ali Abdulsamea Hameed

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

This research concentrated on the role of environmental graphic design (EGD) and the place-making idea in the interior environment of Al-Anbar University. To develop an identity being visual for the University of Al-Anbar internal environment (IE) is this goal of project. The search sought to create and enhance the shape of the internal University of Al-Anbar vacuum by reviving the idea of place building. In order to build and filling the internal emptiness of the campus, the identity being visual must also be strengthened. The descriptive analytical approach was chosen since it was best suited to achieve the goal of …


Population Dynamics In Myxococcus Xanthus Developmental Biofilm, Trosporsha Tasnim Khan Dec 2024

Population Dynamics In Myxococcus Xanthus Developmental Biofilm, Trosporsha Tasnim Khan

Dissertations - ALL

Myxococcus xanthus, a soil-dwelling bacterium, exhibits complex multicellular behaviors through self-organization into biofilms. M. xanthus cells traverse agar surfaces, forming either predatory biofilm or vegetative swarm that expands outward in the presence of nutrients. Upon nutrient depletion, the swarm reorganizes as cells “stream” inward, coalescing into aggregates that mature into spore-filled fruiting bodies. This starvation-induced biofilm development is a complex process, governed by stringent genetic controls and coordinated population interactions. Despite extensive research into the dynamics of this development, from the onset of starvation to fruiting body maturation, a comprehensive understanding is still missing. This dissertation sheds light on the …


An Examination Of School Counselor Leadership Practices Related To Burnout, Training Experience, And Caseload, Alan Miller Dec 2024

An Examination Of School Counselor Leadership Practices Related To Burnout, Training Experience, And Caseload, Alan Miller

Dissertations - ALL

School counselors are expected to be leaders in their educational communities. School counselor practices are impacted by a variety of internal and external factors. Leadership practices explored include five dimensions of leadership: Interpersonal Influence, Systemic Collaboration, Resourceful Problem Solving, Professional Efficacy, and Social Justice Advocacy. Burnout experiences explored include five dimensions: Exhaustion, Incompetence, Negative Work Environment, Devaluing Clients, and Deterioration in Personal Life. Leadership training was operationalized as a total number of hours spent in coursework or professional development activities specifically focused on leadership training or practices. Caseload was operationalized as a whole number with a range from 1-1000 students …