Digital Commons Network^™

Academic Communities Of Engagement: Exploring The Impact Of Online And In‑Person Support Communities On The Academic Engagement Of Online Learners, Kristian J. Spring, Charles R. Graham, Courtney N. Hanny, Sara Tuiloma, Kamal Badar

Faculty Publications

Institutions of higher education are interested in supporting the academic success of their students in the most effective ways possible. Increasingly, this means engaging students in a blend of both online and in-person learning activities as well as connecting students with supportive communities in both modalities. This research explores the efforts of an institution that is trying to create positive post-secondary learning experiences for thousands of adults who have experienced significant barriers to accessing higher education through traditional routes. Students around the world are supported through both online and local, in-person communities created to support their academic engagement. In this …

Costs And Benefits Of A Risk-Based Pcaob Inspection Regime, Brant E. Christensen, Nathan J. Newton, Michael S. Wilkins

Faculty Publications

We investigate the costs and benefits of the PCAOB’s risk-based inspection regime by studying how auditors respond to engagement-level inspection risk. Using an established inspection selection model, we find evidence that auditors behave consistent with accountability theory when auditing clients with elevated ex-ante inspection risk. Specifically, we observe an increased propensity to report material weaknesses, a decreased propensity to assert that previous material weaknesses have been remediated, increased audit effort, and a decreased likelihood of subsequent financial statement restatement. In general, these outcomes reflect auditors’ attempts to minimize negative inspection outcomes in a way that could be beneficial to investors. …

Leveraging Chatgpt For Enhancing The Internal Audit Process – A Real-World Example From A Large Multinational Company, Scott Emett, Marc Eulerich, Egemen Lipinski, Nicolo Prien, David A. Wood

Faculty Publications

We discuss how the internal audit function (IAF) of a large multinational energy company, Uniper, is starting to use ChatGPT to improve automation of internal auditing. We investigate the benefits and challenges of integrating ChatGPT into internal audit processes and assess its impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of the IAF. Uniper has implemented ChatGPT into parts of audit preparation, fieldwork, and audit reporting. On their initial tests, they estimate efficiency gains ranging from 50 to 80 percent for various processes. We report key risks and challenges with using ChatGPT in internal auditing as well as the initial key practices …

Improving The Production And Reviewing Of Design Science Research In Accounting, Noah Myers, Mason Snow, Nathan Waddoups, David A. Wood

Faculty Publications

Design Science Research (DSR) is a rigorous research methodology widely used in other fields like computer science and engineering, but its application in accounting is still relatively limited. This paper reviews the implementation of DSR published in accounting journals and provides recommendations to improve the authoring and reviewing processes. We review 51 DSR articles published in accounting journals between 2011 and 2023. The analysis identified areas where papers excelled and fell short, leading to recommendations in the following key aspects: adherence to a research framework, validation of research questions, defining objectives of artifacts, developing a more diverse set of artifacts, …

Reassessing Assurance In An Automated World: Insights From Board Members, Executives, And Internal Auditors, Scott Emett, Marc Eulerich, Jeffrey Pickerd, David A. Wood

Faculty Publications

Technological advances that automate work continue to transform the accounting profession. We examine whether automation impacts resource allocation within the internal audit function (IAF), a unique setting that allows us to compare demand for assurance activities with demand for consulting activities. We conduct an experiment in which experienced board members, executives, and internal auditors make budget recommendations for a company’s IAF that developed automations that improved the efficiency of the IAF. Results show that across all groups, participants respond to these efficiencies by decreasing the IAF’s total budget but retaining the productive capacity of the IAF. The budget cuts are …

Expression Of Customer (Dis)Satisfaction In Online Restaurant Reviews: The Relationship Between Adversative Connective Constructions And Star Ratings, Matthew J. Baker, Brett James Hashimoto

Faculty Publications

Online restaurant reviews contain expressions of customer expectations in prose as well as in star ratings that indicate overall customer satisfaction. In prose, one way customers communicate that expectations are or are not met is through a grammatical construction called adversative connectives (ACs) (i.e., constituents such as but, although, however, and even though). In the present study, we examine the relationship between star ratings and customers’ use of ACs by employing a combination of content analysis, mixed-effects models, and thematic analysis in a corpus of nearly 35,000 online reviews for restaurants located in the United States. The results reveal an …

Language Change At The Intersections Of Movement, Economy, And Orientation, Joseph A. Stanley, Margaret E. L. Renwick, Monica Nesbitt

Faculty Publications

A growing amount of research on North American English varieties shows that many sociolinguistic variables peaked among the Baby Boomer Generation (born approximately 1946–64). By “peak,” we mean that a linguistic phenomenon in one community has reached its point of greatest intensity and is maximally divergent from realizations of that same variable in most other North American communities. Similarly, we also find studies that describe a “cliff” beginning among Generation X (born approximately 1965–82) such that after generations of relative stability, local dialect features are lost. Nesbitt (2021, 359) observes that “the Baby Boomer–Gen X transition appears to be a …

Immediate Repeated Reading Has Positive Effects On Reading Rate For English Language Learners: An Eye-Tracking Study, Jennifer Hemmert Hansen, Grant Eckstein, Troy L. Cox, Steven G. Luke, Krista Rich

Faculty Publications

Fluent and skillful reading in English requires efficient and automatic letter and word recognition. Dysfluent reading can affect motivation for reading in English language learners, thereby limiting access to a wealth of language input from written texts. Extensive research of repeated reading in first language (L1) settings has been shown to increase reading rate, while comparatively little research has been done on repeated reading in second language (L2) settings. The objective of this eye-tracking study was to accurately document early and late reading processes in an immediate repeated reading exercise to observe how repeated reading affects reading rate in adult …

Putting Students In Their Place. The Role Of Placement Testing In Language Programs, Troy L. Cox, Matthew P. Wilcox

Faculty Publications

A perennial issue that nearly all language programs face with the arrival of new students is: where is the best place for each student to begin their course of study within our curricular structure given their current language abilities? When students have no previous language learning experience, the decision seems easy: place them in the beginning- level class. But when students have prior experience, deciding where they belong becomes more complicated given the wide range in the quality and quantity of previous exposure and the level of ability attained. Programmatic exigencies and resources may constrain student placement even further.

In …

Transgressive Gene Expression And Expression Plasticity Under Thermal Stress In A Stable Hybrid Zone, Lindsey C. Schwartz, Vanessa L. González, Ellen E. Strong, Manuela Truebano, Thomas J. Hilbish

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Interspecific hybridization can lead to myriad outcomes, including transgressive phenotypes in which the hybrids are more fit than either parent species. Such hybrids may display important traits in the context of climate change, able to respond to novel environmental conditions not previously experienced by the parent populations. While this has been evaluated in an agricultural context, the role of transgressive hybrids under changing conditions in the wild remains largely unexplored; this is especially true regarding transgressive gene expression. Using the blue mussel species complex (genus Mytilus) as a model system, we investigated the effects of hybridization on temperature induced gene …

Identification Of Druggable Regulators Of Cell Secretion Via A Kinome-Wide Screen And High-Throughput Immunomagnetic Cell Sorting, Mahmoud Labib, Zongjie Wang, Yunhye Kim, Sichun Lin, Abdalla Abdrabou, Hanie Yousefi, Pei Ying Lo, Stéphane Angers, Edward H. Sargent, Shana O. Kelley

Peninsula Medical School

The identification of genetic regulators of cell secretions is challenging because it requires the sorting of a large number of cells according to their secretion patterns. Here we report the development and applicability of a high-throughput microfluidic method for the analysis of the secretion levels of large populations of immune cells. The method is linked with a kinome-wide loss-of-function CRISPR screen, immunomagnetically sorting the cells according to their secretion levels, and the sequencing of their genomes to identify key genetic modifiers of cell secretion. We used the method, which we validated against flow cytometry for cytokines secreted from primary mouse …

Reducing Prescription Drug Prices: How Competition Can Make Medications Affordable For Patients - Testimony Of Rachel E. Sachs, Rachel Sachs

Scholarship@WashULaw

In this testimony, I will explain how existing law both keeps branded drug prices high but has also enabled the development of lower-cost generic and biosimilar competition for branded prescription drugs and biological products. This competition can be used to promote access to affordable prescription drugs, benefiting not only patients but also our public payers. However, I will also explain the ways in which existing legislative and regulatory efforts have not always succeeded in promoting competition and will offer a path forward for this Committee to examine reforms that not only encourage the approval of lower-cost products but also ensure …

National Association Teachers Of Family And Consumer Sciences Records - Accession 666, Family And Consumer Sciences, National Association Teachers Of

Manuscript Collection

The National Association Teachers of Family and Consumer Sciences records contain handbooks for the organization, the organization’s newsletter, as well as the national convention the organization held. The National Association Teachers of Family and Consumer Sciences (NATFACS) is a nonprofit organization and is an affiliate of the Family and Consumer Sciences Division of the American Vocational Association. “NATFACS serves as a vital link between the state family and consumer sciences associations and the national level. NATFACS purpose is: To provide an organization for group expression and group action dealing with problems of national importance to family and consumer sciences; To …

Greenville Women's History Week Records - Accession 592, Women's History Week, Greenville

Manuscript Collection

The Greenville Women’s History Week Records consist of correspondence, advertisements, program evaluations, introductions, magazine articles, newspaper clippings, minutes, agenda, pamphlets, notes, addresses, photographs, proclamations, radio spots, receipts, resume, and exhibits. The Women’s History Week was created to honor the roles women have played in the history of the United States and this collection documents the organization of the women’s history week celebration in Greenville, SC from 1982-1985.

Scottish Merchant Magazine Collection - Accession 566, Scottish Clans

Manuscript Collection

The Scottish Merchant Magazine Collection consists of copies of The Scottish Merchant newspaper, which changed names to The Scottish American in 1986, from 1983-1990. Also included are copies of The Scottish Banner and Unicorn Limited’s order forms, six pages of abstracts on book collection, and a letter from W.A. Forsyth to W.R. McLeod with an excerpt of “The Forsyth Time,” 1236-1970.

National Association Of Retired Federal Employees (Narfe) Chapter Of Rock Hill, South Carolina Records - Accession 762, Retired Federal Employees, National Association Of - Rock Hill Chapter

Manuscript Collection

The Collection consists of the administrative records and memoranda produced by and related to the National Association of Retired Federal Employees (NARFE) Chapter of Rock Hill, South Carolina Records.

Southern Business Administration Association Records - Accession 683, Southern Business Administration Association

Manuscript Collection

The Southern Business Admission Association Records consists of bylaws and constitution, financial records, membership records, correspondence, minutes, papers relating to meetings, and history relating to the Southern Business Administration Association from 1964 through 1985. At the time, the Southern Business Administration Association consisted of 220 schools in 17 Southern states. The Southern Business Administration Association was founded in 1964 with the objective of promoting and improving collegiate education for business. Former Winthrop professor and Dean of the Business Department, Dr. Jerry H. Padgett was president of the organization during the 1977-1978 fiscal year and was treasurer during most of the …

Mary Ona Denny Mathews Papers - Accession 724, Mary Ona Denny Mathews

Manuscript Collection

The Mary Ona Denny Mathews Papers consists of Winthrop materials collected by Mrs. Mathews. Mary Ona Denny Mathews (1897-1988) graduated from Winthrop College in 1919 and began working at Winthrop in the Business Office from 1919 until she retired in 1942. She married Brig. Gen. Lucius Don Mathews (1893-1972) on August 9, 1924. The collection contains three postcards: One dated July 29, 1919 from David Bancroft Johnson; the other two have not been used or dated. There is also one photograph of a young lady at Winthrop-not dated; a two page letter from D. B. Johnson in regards to her …

Annual Security Report For Calendar Year 2023, Illinois State University Police Department

Clery Act Annual Security Report

Illinois State University Police Department Annual Security Report

Does Daily Activity Overlap Of Seven Mesocarnivores Vary Based On Human Development?, Leah E. Mctigue, Ellery V. Lassiter, Mike Shaw, Emily Johansson, Ken Wilson, Brett Degregorio

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Many species of wildlife alter their daily activity patterns in response to co-occurring species as well as the surrounding environment. Often smaller or subordinate species alter their activity patterns to avoid being active at the same time as larger, dominant species to avoid agonistic interactions. Human development can complicate interspecies interactions, as not all wildlife respond to human activity in the same manner. While some species may change the timing of their activity to avoid being active when humans are, others may be unaffected or may benefit from being active at the same time as humans to reduce predation risk …

Panik V. Tmm, Inc., 139 Nev. Adv. Op. 53 (Nov. 30, 2023), Evan Callahan

Nevada Supreme Court Summaries

Anti-SLAPP statutes in Nevada follow a two-pronged analysis. The first prong asks whether the moving party has established, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the claims are based upon a good faith communication in furtherance of the right to free speech in direct connection with an issue of public concern. Similarly, the defendant must establish that the communication is truthful or was made without knowledge of its falsehood. The second prong asks whether the plaintiff has demonstrated with prima facie evidence a probability of prevailing on its claims. Anti-SLAPP statutes are not limited to specific kinds of claims for …

Holland V. Anthony L. Barney, Ltd., 139 Nev. Adv. Op. 49 (Nev. Ct. App.) (Nov. 22, 2023), Keegan Davis

Nevada Supreme Court Summaries

Appellant Gail Holland (“Holland”), an individual, brought this action to appeal the Eighth Judicial District Court’s granting of summary judgment for constructive trust and quiet title to Respondent, Anthony L. Barney, Ltd. (“Barney, Ltd.”).2,3 The asset in contention, real property located at Loma Portal Avenue (“Loma Portal”) in Northwest Las Vegas, has been litigated over the span of 15 years in both state and federal courts after Holland’s ex-husband, Gloyd Green (“Green”), embezzled money from the Howard Family Trust (“Howard Trust”) in part to buy the aforementioned property. Following a complex procedural history discussed below, the instant case asked the …

Ruag Ammotec Gmbh V. Archon Firearms, Inc., 139 Nev. Adv. Op. 48 (Nov. 16, 2023), Aika Dietz

Nevada Supreme Court Summaries

The Supreme Court of Nevada found that under certain circumstances, a nonsignatory to a contract with an arbitration clause can compel another nonsignatory to participate in arbitration. This compulsion is appropriate if the nonsignatory seeking to compel arbitration shows both the right to enforce the contract and that compelling arbitration aligns with standard principles of contract law or estoppel. The Court reversed the district court’s orders denying motions to compel arbitration and remanded for further proceedings.

Taylor V. Brill [State Of Nevada], 139 Nev. Adv. Rep. 56 (Dec. 21, 2023), Makai Zuniga

Nevada Supreme Court Summaries

Firstly, the Court in this case considered whether defendants to a medical malpractice action may present evidence concerning the plaintiff's informed consent or assumption of the risk when the plaintiff does not raise a claim based on lack of informed consent. Furthermore, it held that assumption-of-the-risk evidence can be relevant in instances where a plaintiff’s consent to the procedure is challenged, but neither the defense nor evidence of informed consent is admissible in a medical malpractice action, where the plaintiff’s consent is uncontested. Secondly, the Court considered whether a plaintiff must use expert testimony to show that the medical damages …

Tashami J. Sims V The State Of Nevada, 139 Nev. Adv. Op. 55 (Dec. 07, 2023), Hannah Bleak

Nevada Supreme Court Summaries

A defendant can abandon an unequivocal request to represent themselves when the district court does not deny the request. A trial court conclusively denies a request for self-representation when it gives a reason for the denial that would make any future requests futile. The Court adopts the totality of the circumstances test to determine if a defendant has abandoned a request to represent themselves.

Mccord V. State, 139 Nev. Adv. Op. (Dec. 28, 2023), Evan Sommer

Nevada Supreme Court Summaries

In the case of McCord vs. State, the Nevada Supreme Court clarified the interpretation of NRS 482.275(4) regarding license plates.2 The court ruled that a license plate frame partially covering the plate does not constitute “foreign material” making the plate illegible. Furthermore, it established that such a circumstance does not provide probable cause for a traffic stop. This decision addressed the issue of what constitutes a violation of the license plate visibility law, directly impacting the legitimacy of the traffic stop done by the Washoe County Sheriff’s Office on Mr. McCord and the subsequent evidence obtained, leading to the reversal …

In Re Guardianship Of Jones, 139 Nev. Adv. Op. 57 (Dec. 21, 2023), Collin Weires

Nevada Supreme Court Summaries

The Court addressed several issues related to the appointment and compensation of a Guardian Ad Litem (GAL) for Kathleen June Jones (June). First, the Court held that June waived any claim regarding the district court’s failure to state the GAL’s hourly rate in the appointment order because she did not raise it below, and that any error was harmless. Additionally, the Court found an error in the district court’s conclusion that it was required to appoint an attorney as GAL, but found this to be harmless as well, due to the absence of any qualified nonattorney. Further, the Court declared …

Lopez V. Lopez, 139 Nev. Adv. Op. 54 (Nov. 30, 2023), Ashley Burt

Nevada Supreme Court Summaries

The Nevada Supreme Court affirmed the district court’s decision in regard to a revocable inter vivos trust dispute following a divorce. First, they determined that a revocable inter vivos family trust isn’t a necessary party in a divorce action where the spouses are co-trustees, co- settlors, and beneficiaries. Second, the district court has jurisdiction to distribute community assets held in a revocable inter vivos trust.

Everything But The Kitchen Sink: An Analysis Of Bacterial And Chemical Contaminants Found In Syringe Residue From People Who Inject Drugs, John A Wildenthal, Drew J Schwartz, Nathanial S Nolan, Lingxia Zhao, John I Robinson, Erin Jones, Raagini Jawa, Jeffrey P Henderson, Laura R Marks

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: People who inject drugs (PWID) are at high risk of severe wounds, invasive infections, and overdoses. To date, there are few data on the bacterial and chemical contaminants PWID are exposed to when using illicitly manufactured fentanyls and stimulants.

METHODS: Previously used injection drug use equipment was recovered in St Louis, Missouri, by harm reduction organizations over a 12-month period. Syringe residue was analyzed for bacterial contaminants by routine culturing followed by whole genome sequencing of single bacterial isolates. Chemical adulterants in syringe residue were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

RESULTS: Bacteria were cultured from 58.75% of 160 syringes …

Assets For Integrating Task-Sharing Strategies For Hypertension Within Hiv Clinics: Stakeholder's Perspectives Using The Pen-3 Cultural Model, Juliet Iwelunmor, Daphne Lew, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Access to antiretroviral therapy has increased life expectancy and survival among people living with HIV (PLWH) in African countries like Nigeria. Unfortunately, non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases are on the rise as important drivers of morbidity and mortality rates among this group. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of key stakeholders in Nigeria on the integration of evidence-based task-sharing strategies for hypertension care (TASSH) within existing HIV clinics in Nigeria.

METHODS: Stakeholders representing PLWH, patient advocates, health care professionals (i.e. community health nurses, physicians and chief medical officers), as well as policymakers, completed in-depth …