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2024

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Banning Plastic, Rachael E. Salcido Jan 2024

Banning Plastic, Rachael E. Salcido

Utah Law Review

The disgusting nature of plastic pollution has finally captured the attention of policymakers and driven legal change. Local, state, and national bans on various plastic consumer items coupled with voluntary industry switching creates momentum toward a full-scale end to unnecessary plastic products. Bans have the capacity to create an important tipping point. This Article extolls the effectiveness of consumer bans and explores the challenges to achieving this highest level of environmental control. Plastic is essentially pure petroleum.1 Its persistence and destructiveness in the environment presents unique reasons to eliminate its use altogether. Plastics should only be used for essential products …

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Erratum To: Reconfigurations In Brain Networks Upon Awakening From Slow Wave Sleep: Interventions And Implications In Neural Communication (Network Neuroscience), Cassie J. Hilditch, Kanika Bansal, Ravi Chachad, Lily R. Wong, Nicholas G. Bathurst, Nathan H. Feick, Amanda Santamaria, Nita L. Shattuck, Javier O. Garcia, Erin E. Flynn-Evans Jan 2024

Erratum To: Reconfigurations In Brain Networks Upon Awakening From Slow Wave Sleep: Interventions And Implications In Neural Communication (Network Neuroscience), Cassie J. Hilditch, Kanika Bansal, Ravi Chachad, Lily R. Wong, Nicholas G. Bathurst, Nathan H. Feick, Amanda Santamaria, Nita L. Shattuck, Javier O. Garcia, Erin E. Flynn-Evans

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

After publication of our paper Reconfigurations in brain networks upon awakening from slow wave sleep: Interventions and implications in neural communication, we noticed an error in our condition labels that required some revision of figures and text and some new interpretations throughout the manuscript. The error was a consequence of the double-blind nature of the original experimentation which contained two interventions: (1) a blue-enriched light intervention, as originally mentioned; and (2) an olfactory odorant condition. In review of previous analyses and presentations of the data, there was a time when non-descriptive labels (e.g., “A”, “B”) were accidentally swapped, indicating the …

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Lithium And Water: Hydrosocial Impacts Across The Life Cycle Of Energy Storage, James J.A. Blair, Noel Vineyard, Dustin Mulvaney, Alida Cantor, Ali Sharbat, Kate Berry, Elizabeth Bartholomew, Ariana Firebaugh Ornelas Jan 2024

Lithium And Water: Hydrosocial Impacts Across The Life Cycle Of Energy Storage, James J.A. Blair, Noel Vineyard, Dustin Mulvaney, Alida Cantor, Ali Sharbat, Kate Berry, Elizabeth Bartholomew, Ariana Firebaugh Ornelas

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

As a key ingredient of batteries for electric vehicles (EVs), lithium plays a significant role in climate change mitigation, but lithium has considerable impacts on water and society across its life cycle. Upstream extraction methods—including open-pit mining, brine evaporation, and novel direct lithium extraction (DLE)—and downstream processes present different impacts on both the quantity and quality of water resources, leading to water depletion and contamination. Regarding upstream extraction, it is critical for a comprehensive assessment of lithium's life cycle to include cumulative impacts related not only to freshwater, but also mineralized or saline groundwater, also known as brine. Legal frameworks …

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Is Knowledge Management (Finally) Extractive? – Fuller’S Argument Revisited In The Age Of Ai, Norman Mooradian Jan 2024

Is Knowledge Management (Finally) Extractive? – Fuller’S Argument Revisited In The Age Of Ai, Norman Mooradian

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Aim/Purpose The rise of modern artificial intelligence (AI), in particular, machine learning (ML), has provided new opportunities and directions for knowledge management (KM). A central question for the future of KM is whether it will be dominated by an automation strategy that replaces knowledge work or whether it will support a knowledge-enablement strategy that enhances knowledge work and uplifts knowledge workers. This paper addresses this question by re-examining and updating a critical argument against KM by the sociologist of science Steve Fuller (2002), who held that KM was extractive and exploitative from its origins. Background This paper re-examines Fuller’s argument …

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Perturbation Walking Effects On Prefrontal Cortical Activation And Walking Performance In Older Women With And Without Osteoarthritis: A Fnirs Study, Alka Bishnoi, Yang Hu, Manuel E. Hernandez Jan 2024

Perturbation Walking Effects On Prefrontal Cortical Activation And Walking Performance In Older Women With And Without Osteoarthritis: A Fnirs Study, Alka Bishnoi, Yang Hu, Manuel E. Hernandez

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Introduction: Perturbation walking (PW) has been shown to improve gait, however its effect on the cortical control of gait might provide insights on neural mechanisms underlying falls in adults with osteoarthritis. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of PW on prefrontal cortical (PFC) activation in older women with (OA) and without osteoarthritis (HOA). We hypothesized that there would be an increase in PFC activation during PW relative to comfortable walking (CW) and higher increase in PFC activation during PW in HOA compared to OA. Methods: Twenty community-dwelling older women (66.7 ± 5.41 years old) walked on …

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Effect Of Fermentation, Malting And Ultrasonication On Sorghum, Mopane Worm And Moringa Oleifera: Improvement In Their Nutritional, Techno-Functional And Health Promoting Properties, Mpho Sebabiki Maleke, Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo, Jonathan Wilkin, Moira Ledbetter, Xi Feng, John Gieng, Tumisi Beiri Jeremiah Molelekoa Jan 2024

Effect Of Fermentation, Malting And Ultrasonication On Sorghum, Mopane Worm And Moringa Oleifera: Improvement In Their Nutritional, Techno-Functional And Health Promoting Properties, Mpho Sebabiki Maleke, Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo, Jonathan Wilkin, Moira Ledbetter, Xi Feng, John Gieng, Tumisi Beiri Jeremiah Molelekoa

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Background: Food processing offers various benefits that contribute to food nutrition, food security and convenience. This study investigated the effect of three different processes (fermentation, malting and ultrasonication) on the nutritional, techno-functional and health-promoting properties of sorghum, mopane worm and Moringa oleifera. Methods: The fermented and malted flours were prepared at 35°C for 48 h, and for ultrasonication, samples were subjected to 10 min at 4°C with amplitudes of 40–70 Hz. The biochemical, nutritional quality and techno-functional properties of the obtained flours were analysed using standard procedures. Results: Fermentation resulted in significantly lower pH and higher titratable acidity in sorghum …

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Enhancing Product Designing With The Help Of Artificial Intelligence, Dhyeykumar Nikalwala, Minnie H. Patel Jan 2024

Enhancing Product Designing With The Help Of Artificial Intelligence, Dhyeykumar Nikalwala, Minnie H. Patel

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

In the ever-changing world of Business, making a successful product design requires quickly trying out new ideas and listening to what users think. With the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the process of rapidly generating content from existing data becomes easier, accelerating the creation of innovative product concepts. To use this cutting-edge technology to build novel products a framework is essential. The paper aims to propose a novel framework that caters to a customer-centric integration of AI in Product Design. The paper goes beyond theoretical explanation, implementing the framework to iteratively design 3 diverse products. The implementation also highlights the …

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Rescaling: Change Agency And The Emerging Geography Of Economic Relationships, Markus Grillitsch, Björn Asheim, Nichola Lowe, Sophie Kelmenson, Lea Fünfschilling, Karl Johan Lundquist, Yahia Mahmoud, Mikhail Martynovich, Pauline Mattsson, Magnus Nilsson, Johan Miörner, Torben Schubert Jan 2024

Rescaling: Change Agency And The Emerging Geography Of Economic Relationships, Markus Grillitsch, Björn Asheim, Nichola Lowe, Sophie Kelmenson, Lea Fünfschilling, Karl Johan Lundquist, Yahia Mahmoud, Mikhail Martynovich, Pauline Mattsson, Magnus Nilsson, Johan Miörner, Torben Schubert

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

In this paper, we propose a theoretical and conceptual framework for articulating and studying changes in the global economic landscape and illustrate this framework in the current context. The framework pivots around the notion of rescaling, which is interpreted from a human agency perspective. We disentangle three theoretically distinct dimensions of rescaling and show how they play together using concrete examples. The theoretical and conceptual framework links the intended and unintended consequences of globalisation to current rescaling efforts, and allows us to investigate when, why, and how changes to the geography of economic relationships occur.

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Selective Laser Melting And Mechanical Characterization Of Superalloys Made From Recycled Parts, Hugo Tupac-Yupanqui, Amir Armani Jan 2024

Selective Laser Melting And Mechanical Characterization Of Superalloys Made From Recycled Parts, Hugo Tupac-Yupanqui, Amir Armani

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Geometrically complex functional parts from recycled Inconel 718 were additively manufactured and characterized. Scrap parts were melted, recycled, and used in a new gas atomization process to produce the feedstock for a selective laser melting printer. Optimal print parameters were determined using finite element simulations. Standard test methods were employed to experimentally examine the properties of parts, including their density, anisotropic tensile behavior, chemical composition, and fracture surface. The results indicated that scrap Inconel 718 parts can be used to additively manufacture high-quality functional parts. As a case-study, an automotive turbocharger was resigned and additively manufactured based on the findings …

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The Role Of Intersectionality In Research On Teachers Of Color And Indigenous Teachers, Saili S. Kulkarni, Tanja Burkhard, David J. Johns Jan 2024

The Role Of Intersectionality In Research On Teachers Of Color And Indigenous Teachers, Saili S. Kulkarni, Tanja Burkhard, David J. Johns

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

This paper emphasizes the complexity and criticality of intersectionality in understanding the research on Teachers of Color and Indigenous Teachers (TOCIT). Cho and colleagues (2013) identified three dimensions of intersectional dialogues: how intersectionality has been used in research and teaching, how it has been used as a theory and methodology, and how it has been used in community organizations. As Cho and colleagues noted, what intersectionality does in theory is equally as important as what it does in practice. Therefore, we drew from the recently published Handbook of Research on Teachers of Color and Indigenous Teachers to highlight how intersectionality …

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The Role Of Paradata In Algorithmic Accountability, Ciaran B. Trace, James A. Hodges Jan 2024

The Role Of Paradata In Algorithmic Accountability, Ciaran B. Trace, James A. Hodges

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

This chapter examines how the doings of the algorithm (instantiated through its operations, actions, and steps) and its accompanying algorithmic system are revealed and explored through an engagement with the paradata created as a part of this data-making effort. In doing so, the chapter explores how the concept of paradata helps us understand how information professionals and domain stakeholders conceptualize accountable algorithmic entities and how this influences how they emerge as documented and describable entities. Two complementary frameworks for capturing and preserving paradata for accountability purposes are examined in the process. The first is associated with diplomatic theory and archival …

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The Global Partners Program A New International Volunteer Opportunity For Ams Members, Walter Dabberdt, Darrel Baumgardner, Robert Bornstein, Gregory Carmichael, Richard Clark, Jeffrey Collett, Harindra Fernando, Efi Foufoula-Georgiou, Dev Niyogi, Mohan Ramamurthy, Alan Robock, Julie Winkler Jan 2024

The Global Partners Program A New International Volunteer Opportunity For Ams Members, Walter Dabberdt, Darrel Baumgardner, Robert Bornstein, Gregory Carmichael, Richard Clark, Jeffrey Collett, Harindra Fernando, Efi Foufoula-Georgiou, Dev Niyogi, Mohan Ramamurthy, Alan Robock, Julie Winkler

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

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Specialist Physiotherapy For Functional Motor Disorder In England And Scotland (Physio4fmd): A Pragmatic, Multicentre, Phase 3 Randomised Controlled Trial, Physio4fmd Study Group, Glenn Nielsen, Jon Stone, Teresa C. Lee, Laura H. Goldstein, Louise Marston, Rachael Maree Hunter, Alan Carson, Kate Holt, Jon Marsden, Marie Le Novere, Irwin Nazareth, Hayley Noble, Markus Reuber, Ann Marie Strudwick, Beatriz Santana Suarez, Mark J. Edwards, Emily Beaves, David Breen, Christine Burness, Simone Caddy, Hannah Callaghan, Andrew Carberry, Luke Chetham, Andrea Clyne, Susie Cobb, Jan Coebergh, Lewis Cook, Patrick Cookson Jan 2024

Specialist Physiotherapy For Functional Motor Disorder In England And Scotland (Physio4fmd): A Pragmatic, Multicentre, Phase 3 Randomised Controlled Trial, Physio4fmd Study Group, Glenn Nielsen, Jon Stone, Teresa C. Lee, Laura H. Goldstein, Louise Marston, Rachael Maree Hunter, Alan Carson, Kate Holt, Jon Marsden, Marie Le Novere, Irwin Nazareth, Hayley Noble, Markus Reuber, Ann Marie Strudwick, Beatriz Santana Suarez, Mark J. Edwards, Emily Beaves, David Breen, Christine Burness, Simone Caddy, Hannah Callaghan, Andrew Carberry, Luke Chetham, Andrea Clyne, Susie Cobb, Jan Coebergh, Lewis Cook, Patrick Cookson

School of Health Professions

Background: Functional motor disorder—the motor variant of functional neurological disorder—is a disabling condition that is commonly associated with poor health outcomes. Pathophysiological models have inspired new treatment approaches such as specialist physiotherapy, although evidence from large randomised controlled trials is absent. We aimed to assess the clinical effectiveness of a specialist physiotherapy intervention for functional motor disorder compared with treatment as usual. Methods: In this pragmatic, multicentre, phase 3 randomised controlled trial at 11 hospitals in England and Scotland, adults with a clinically definite diagnosis of functional motor disorder, diagnosed by a neurologist, were included. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1, …

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Open‐Label, Clinical Trial Extension: Two‐Year Safety And Efficacy Results Of Seladelpar In Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis, Marlyn J. Mayo, John M. Vierling, Christopher L. Bowlus, Cynthia Levy, Gideon M. Hirschfield, Guy W. Neff, Michael R. Galambos, Stuart C. Gordon, Brian B. Borg, Stephen A. Harrison, Paul J. Thuluvath, Aparna Goel, Mitchell L. Shiffman, Mark G. Swain, David E.J. Jones, Palak Trivedi, Andreas E. Kremer, Richard J. Aspinall, David A. Sheridan, Yvonne Dörffel, Ke Yang, Yun Jung Choi, Charles A. Mcwherter Jan 2024

Open‐Label, Clinical Trial Extension: Two‐Year Safety And Efficacy Results Of Seladelpar In Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis, Marlyn J. Mayo, John M. Vierling, Christopher L. Bowlus, Cynthia Levy, Gideon M. Hirschfield, Guy W. Neff, Michael R. Galambos, Stuart C. Gordon, Brian B. Borg, Stephen A. Harrison, Paul J. Thuluvath, Aparna Goel, Mitchell L. Shiffman, Mark G. Swain, David E.J. Jones, Palak Trivedi, Andreas E. Kremer, Richard J. Aspinall, David A. Sheridan, Yvonne Dörffel, Ke Yang, Yun Jung Choi, Charles A. Mcwherter

Peninsula Medical School

Background Seladelpar is a potent and selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ agonist that targets multiple cell types involved in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), leading to anti-cholestatic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic effects. Aims To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of seladelpar in patients with PBC. Methods In an open-label, international, long-term extension study, patients with PBC completing seladelpar lead-in studies continued treatment. Seladelpar was taken orally once daily at doses of 5 or 10 mg with dose adjustment permitted for safety or tolerability. The primary analysis was for safety and the secondary efficacy analysis examined biochemical markers of cholestasis and liver injury. …

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The Challenge Of Securing Future Food Production For Aquaculture Species Under Environmental Change: Enhancing Physiological Performance Under Environmental Stress, Ahmed Salama Ali Abbas Jan 2024

The Challenge Of Securing Future Food Production For Aquaculture Species Under Environmental Change: Enhancing Physiological Performance Under Environmental Stress, Ahmed Salama Ali Abbas

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Rising sea surface temperatures and ocean acidification present profound challenges for many marine species, leading to cascading effects on ecosystem functionality and food security. Phenotypic plasticity is anticipated to play a key role in helping marine ectotherms maintain performance and acclimate to changes in these global environmental drivers. However, our understanding of phenotypic plasticity in the context of climate change is largely based on short-term studies, with limited ecological relevance, which often overlook some important response modifiers such as environmental context, exposure nature, reproductive modes, and potential trade-offs between fitness components. As a result, the full potential for marine ectotherms …

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Ecosystem-Scale Patterns In The Diversity, Seasonal Dynamics And Physiology Of Antagonistic Diatom-Bacteria Interactions In The Western English Channel, Laura Branscombe Jan 2024

Ecosystem-Scale Patterns In The Diversity, Seasonal Dynamics And Physiology Of Antagonistic Diatom-Bacteria Interactions In The Western English Channel, Laura Branscombe

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Diatoms, a major group of marine and freshwater microalgae, are one of the most successful phototrophic organisms in the oceans. Their ubiquity and abundance pins them as important drivers of marine biogeochemical cycles and significant components of marine food webs. Diatoms exist within a complex web of interactions with other microbes, including equally ubiquitous marine bacteria. Interkingdom interactions between diatoms and bacteria are both diverse and numerous, and they underpin the success of diatoms through their resulting impacts on diatom physiology. Interactions between diatoms and antagonistic bacteria are increasingly recognised to significantly impact diatom growth and physiology, and potentially represent …

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Mapping The ‘Particlescape’: Diversity And Activity Of Microbial Communities Associated With Particles In The Marine Environment., Cordelia Roberts Jan 2024

Mapping The ‘Particlescape’: Diversity And Activity Of Microbial Communities Associated With Particles In The Marine Environment., Cordelia Roberts

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Particles are hotspots for marine microbial communities and impact ecosystem functioning, including the biological carbon pump. Although particle microbiomes differ across particle composition, type, size, source, and life history, this heterogeneity is often overlooked by using bulk-scale sampling approaches. In addition, knowledge of microbial eukaryotes in particle microbiomes is limited. I broadly set out to investigate how particle associated communities are structured at the macro and micro-scale which may have implications for wider food web interactions and biogeochemical cycling. In independent research chapters, I examined the diversity of bacteria (chapter 1) and activity of microbial eukaryotes associated with organic material …

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Intraspecific Differences In The Metabolic Response Of Amphipods To Elevated Co2 And Hypoxia, Emma Ingrid Zandt Jan 2024

Intraspecific Differences In The Metabolic Response Of Amphipods To Elevated Co2 And Hypoxia, Emma Ingrid Zandt

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Periodic episodes of low oxygen (hypoxia) and elevated CO2 (hypercapnia) accompanied by low pH occur naturally in Norwegian fjord systems. Under the influence of climate change, the geographic range and intensity of hypoxia and hypercapnia are predicted to increase, especially considering the phenomenon of Arctic amplification. To examine the metabolic variability and physiological capabilities of amphipods to these stressors, a series of physiological measurements were performed on latitudinal subpopulations (60° and 69°) of the amphipod Echinogammarus marinus, acclimated to different natural thermal regimes. The effects of elevated pCO2 and hypoxia, separate and together, on thermal sensitivity (Q10), metabolic rate, activation …

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The Thermal Performance And Tolerance Of Tropical Cleaner Shrimp (Lysmata Amboinensis), Sancha Conway Holroyd Jan 2024

The Thermal Performance And Tolerance Of Tropical Cleaner Shrimp (Lysmata Amboinensis), Sancha Conway Holroyd

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

This thesis explores the theoretical and experimental applications of ecophysiological research for the management of aquatic organismal health within the ornamental trade. Ecophysiology investigates the interactions between an organism’s physiology and its environment, and offers a promising approach to improving the management of health outcomes for traded species. Chapter One presents a comprehensive and critical literature review that explores the potential of ecophysiology to redefine our understanding of health, by integrating ecophysiological perspectives into practice. Using Hatch’s (1962) theoretical framework as a foundation to define health, the review discusses the importance of understanding species-specific responses to key physio-chemical parameters for …

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Application Of Deep-Learning To Deep-Sea Species Identification From Image-Based Data, Eleanor Cross Jan 2024

Application Of Deep-Learning To Deep-Sea Species Identification From Image-Based Data, Eleanor Cross

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Vast areas of the world’s deep sea are unexplored, and the recent threats of deep-sea mining and trawling make exploration of these habitats a time-sensitive concern. Much of our understanding of the deep sea has been based on physical sampling of sediment habitats using trawls and grabs, however, modern methods of surveying the deep sea involve the acquisition of video footage using Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs). Use of image-based methods is particularly important for sensitive or vulnerable species such as cold-water corals, especially considering these species tend to inhabit hard substrate areas that cannot be sampled using trawls. Annotation of …

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Physical Drivers Of Ecosystem Change Throughout The Tropical Indian Ocean, Ted Robinson Jan 2024

Physical Drivers Of Ecosystem Change Throughout The Tropical Indian Ocean, Ted Robinson

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

The past decade has seen improved awareness of increasing anthropogenic stress on marine ecosystems and their inhabitants. To understand how best to protect these ecosystems, it is vital to understand the linkages between physical oceanographic processes and ecosystem variability. To date there have been limited multidisciplinary investigations capable of resolving both local oceanographic influences and ecosystem response at tidal and interseasonal time scales. Here we present findings from three multidisciplinary research cruises to Chagos Archipelago, investigating the dynamics at Egmont, a tropical atoll, and Sandes, a shallow steep sloped seamount pinnacle. Our findings are then applied in a case study …

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Predictors Of Weight Gain In The Rehabilitation Of Eastern North Atlantic Grey Seals (Halichoerus Grypus), Samantha Mcgivern Jan 2024

Predictors Of Weight Gain In The Rehabilitation Of Eastern North Atlantic Grey Seals (Halichoerus Grypus), Samantha Mcgivern

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

As large adult body size is subjected to strong selective pressures, other processes can be compromised before growth when there is resource limitation or stress during the growth phase. Stress has been linked with both weight loss and weight gain in a variety of taxa, and some stressors, such as physical disturbance, are known to affect the development of important physiological processes, e.g., diving physiology in marine mammals. With 40% of the world’s grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) population on UK shores, grey seal pups are frequently admitted to rehabilitation centres within their first four weeks – a crucial growth phase …

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Using Thermal Imaging Data To Explore Behaviour In A Critically Endangered Frog Species, Craugastor Ranoides, Victoria Wakeham Jan 2024

Using Thermal Imaging Data To Explore Behaviour In A Critically Endangered Frog Species, Craugastor Ranoides, Victoria Wakeham

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Understanding a species behaviour, in particular behavioural thermoregulation, is important as it can indicate how well the species will adapt to changing environments, such as climate change. Ectotherms are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate warming as they rely on environmental conditions to regulate their body temperature and physiological functions. Thermal imaging can be used as a non-invasive method to study thermal behaviour. Thermal images measure the surface temperature of species as well as surrounding substrate. The present study used Craugastor ranoides, to gain insights into different behaviours at population level: behavioural thermoregulation, and using temperature variation across the …

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Investigating Trade-Offs In Strength, Skill And Vigour In Pagurus Bernhardus, Joshua Le Pla Jan 2024

Investigating Trade-Offs In Strength, Skill And Vigour In Pagurus Bernhardus, Joshua Le Pla

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

The ability to win contests is vital for securing the valuable resources individuals need for survival, or in some cases to secure mating opportunities. Therefore, fighting can have a strong influence over fitness, and much research has been carried out to identify and understand the traits influencing fighting ability, also known as resource holding potential (RHP). RHP has been found to be influenced by a wide range of factors including morphology, physiology, vigour and, more recently, skill. These factors are typically analysed in isolation from one another, so as to identify the individual impact of each trait. However, to gain …

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Using Ecosystem Services Mapping In Deep-Sea Marine Spatial Planning, Giulia La Bianca Jan 2024

Using Ecosystem Services Mapping In Deep-Sea Marine Spatial Planning, Giulia La Bianca

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Assessing and mapping ecosystem services (ES) has emerged as an important practice to support natural resource management and set conservation priorities. This is recognised as useful in enabling simultaneous attainment of socio-economic and ecological goals. Yet there exists a bias towards assessing ES in terrestrial and coastal systems. Deep-sea applications are particularly scant. Assessing ES provided by the deep sea is undermined by the lack of ecological data and scientific understanding of the links between ecosystem components and human well-being. Thus, novel tools are required to translate existing deep-sea ES knowledge into Marine Spatial Planning (MSP), while maintaining acceptable levels …

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Conditional Variational Transformer For Bearing Remaining Useful Life Prediction, Yupeng Wei, Dazhong Wu Jan 2024

Conditional Variational Transformer For Bearing Remaining Useful Life Prediction, Yupeng Wei, Dazhong Wu

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Transformer, built on the self-attention mechanism, has been demonstrated to be effective in numerous applications. However, in the context of prognostics and health management, the self-attention mechanism in the Transformer is not effective in selecting the most important features that are highly correlated with the remaining useful life (RUL) of a component. To address this issue, we developed a novel conditional variational transformer architecture consisting of four networks: two generative networks and two predictive networks. The first generative network uses the transformer encoder–decoder as well as both condition monitoring data and RUL as input to extract the most important features …

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Reputation Or Court: Individualism, Collectivism, And The Choice Of Enforcement Mechanism In Exchange, Aidin Hajikhameneh Jan 2024

Reputation Or Court: Individualism, Collectivism, And The Choice Of Enforcement Mechanism In Exchange, Aidin Hajikhameneh

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Courts and reputation-based enforcement mechanisms are often employed to mitigate the problem of cheating in trade relationships. The choice between these two enforcement mechanisms is closely associated with individualistic/collectivistic cultural dispositions. Nevertheless, the selection of enforcement mechanism and how it relates to the reliability of third-party enforcement remains understudied. I designed a laboratory experiment in which the options for a safe local trade and a risky yet more profitable long-distance trade are available. When conducting Long-distance trade, subjects could employ a formal or an informal enforcement mechanism to oversee the trade relationships. I examined the subjects' choice of enforcement mechanism …

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Higher Education As The Pathway To Personal And Community Success For Pakistani And Bangladeshi People: A Systematic Review, Shames Maskeen, Jacob Matthews, Debbie M. Smith, Helen J. Stain, Lisa A. D. Webster Jan 2024

Higher Education As The Pathway To Personal And Community Success For Pakistani And Bangladeshi People: A Systematic Review, Shames Maskeen, Jacob Matthews, Debbie M. Smith, Helen J. Stain, Lisa A. D. Webster

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The United Kingdom’s (UK) goal of a 20% increase in participation of Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) groups in higher education (HE) by 2020 has not been met. Pakistani and Bangladeshi students are some of the most underrepresented BAME groups in UK HE institutions. This systematic review included 20 papers that identified barriers and facilitators towards participation in HE separately for Pakistani and Bangladeshi students in the UK. Using thematic analysis, two overarching themes were constructed: (i) the interplay of culturally expected roles on HE participation and (ii) belief that HE is vital for success. This review identified the …

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Identifying And Quantifying Pelagic Organisms Around Seamounts, Atolls, And Islands In The Chagos Archipelago In Relation To Local Oceanographic Processes, Dannielle Sophie Eager Jan 2024

Identifying And Quantifying Pelagic Organisms Around Seamounts, Atolls, And Islands In The Chagos Archipelago In Relation To Local Oceanographic Processes, Dannielle Sophie Eager

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Topographic features, such as seamounts and atolls, are commonly identified as biodiversity hotspots that are key areas of productivity in an otherwise oligotrophic Indian Ocean. Whilst these sites of increased biomass are frequently identified, the oceanographic drivers that underpin the spatiotemporal distributions of biomass are not. If effective conservation measures are to be continued and implemented in regions such as the Chagos Archipelago Marine Protected Area (MPA) then the spatial variability of biomass and the physical drivers must be elucidated. This study presents case studies at Sandes seamount and Egmont atoll in the Chagos Archipelago identifying the distributions and behavioural …

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A Preliminary Integrated-Taxonomic Review Of A Staphylinid Genus (Anotylus Thomson 1859) Of The Área De Conservaciόn Guanacaste, Costa Rica., Keelan Underwood Jan 2024

A Preliminary Integrated-Taxonomic Review Of A Staphylinid Genus (Anotylus Thomson 1859) Of The Área De Conservaciόn Guanacaste, Costa Rica., Keelan Underwood

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Taxonomy underpins biological research, names are needed for comparative analysis, conservation status, and even public communication. Yet many species remain undescribed and are therefore vulnerable and unprotected. Whilst the true number of species is unknown, the underrepresented taxonomic groups and geographical regions are, with Neotropical Staphylinidae being amongst the most poorly represented. Barcoding initiatives highlight taxa in need of revision and act as effective estimators of biodiversity using Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) as prospective species. This study acts as a preliminary review of a Staphylinid genus (the Anotylus) in Costa Rica as they have not been revised using modern taxonomy. …

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