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2024

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The Puzzling Persistence Of Capital Punishment, Craig S. Lerner Jan 2024

The Puzzling Persistence Of Capital Punishment, Craig S. Lerner

Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy

No abstract provided.


Lessons In Rhetoric From Older Case Law, William B. Reingold Jr. Jan 2024

Lessons In Rhetoric From Older Case Law, William B. Reingold Jr.

Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy

No abstract provided.


Sharing The Blame: Using Market Share To Allocate Liability In Opoid Public Nuisance Lawsuits, Molly G. Baldock Jan 2024

Sharing The Blame: Using Market Share To Allocate Liability In Opoid Public Nuisance Lawsuits, Molly G. Baldock

Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy

No abstract provided.


The “Orange Prince” Of Copyright: Warhol’S Prince Series & Transformative Fair Use, Haley A. Palmer Jan 2024

The “Orange Prince” Of Copyright: Warhol’S Prince Series & Transformative Fair Use, Haley A. Palmer

Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy

No abstract provided.


The Super Statute’S Kryptonite: The Faa After Efasha, Michael Snyder Jan 2024

The Super Statute’S Kryptonite: The Faa After Efasha, Michael Snyder

Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy

No abstract provided.


Dignity Of Work And Freedom At Work: Ethical Reflections On The Article 4 Jurisprudence Of The European Court Of Human Rights, Clemens Sedmak Jan 2024

Dignity Of Work And Freedom At Work: Ethical Reflections On The Article 4 Jurisprudence Of The European Court Of Human Rights, Clemens Sedmak

Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy

No abstract provided.


Accommodating Religious Liberty In An Artificially Intelligent Workplace, Michael H. Leroy Jan 2024

Accommodating Religious Liberty In An Artificially Intelligent Workplace, Michael H. Leroy

Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy

No abstract provided.


The Duty Of The Moment: Retooling The Agrarian Model Of Work/Home Integration, Erika Bachiochi Jan 2024

The Duty Of The Moment: Retooling The Agrarian Model Of Work/Home Integration, Erika Bachiochi

Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy

No abstract provided.


The Dignity Of Work: Is There A Transcendent Dimension?, Robert H. Tribken Jan 2024

The Dignity Of Work: Is There A Transcendent Dimension?, Robert H. Tribken

Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy

No abstract provided.


Getting Back On Your Feet: Wrongful Discharge Remedies And Dignifying Work, Ben Tillinghast Jan 2024

Getting Back On Your Feet: Wrongful Discharge Remedies And Dignifying Work, Ben Tillinghast

Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy

No abstract provided.


Guardians Of Ethics For The Profession Of Arms: Judge Advocates Assisting Commanders To Choose The Harder Right Over The Easier Wrong, Lisa M. Schenck Jan 2024

Guardians Of Ethics For The Profession Of Arms: Judge Advocates Assisting Commanders To Choose The Harder Right Over The Easier Wrong, Lisa M. Schenck

Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy

No abstract provided.


Blackstone's Rule Has Limited Our Ability To Think, Brian Forst Jan 2024

Blackstone's Rule Has Limited Our Ability To Think, Brian Forst

Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy

No abstract provided.


Telling Stories, Curtis E. A. Karnow Jan 2024

Telling Stories, Curtis E. A. Karnow

Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy

No abstract provided.


The Tipping Point: Network Effects Of Tipping Quick-Service Restaurant Cashiers, Bree Hall Jan 2024

The Tipping Point: Network Effects Of Tipping Quick-Service Restaurant Cashiers, Bree Hall

Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy

No abstract provided.


Asylum, Title 42, & Female Foreign Nationals, Cecilia I. Morin Jan 2024

Asylum, Title 42, & Female Foreign Nationals, Cecilia I. Morin

Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy

No abstract provided.


Justified True Beliefs, The Gettier Problem, And Criminal Knowledge In The Model Penal Code, Yifei Wang Jan 2024

Justified True Beliefs, The Gettier Problem, And Criminal Knowledge In The Model Penal Code, Yifei Wang

Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy

No abstract provided.


Urban Streetscape Changes In Portland, Oregon: A Longitudinal Virtual Audit, Tomoya Hanibuchi, David Banis, Hunter Shobe, Tomoki Nakaya, Shohei Nagata Jan 2024

Urban Streetscape Changes In Portland, Oregon: A Longitudinal Virtual Audit, Tomoya Hanibuchi, David Banis, Hunter Shobe, Tomoki Nakaya, Shohei Nagata

Geography Faculty Publications and Presentations

Streetscape imagery has considerable potential for observing urban change. The literature lacks sufficient longitudinal studies, however, on urban change considering human perception and activities. We conducted a longitudinal virtual audit to observe the change in urban liveliness, human activities, and built environment by examining streetscape imagery taken in the late 2000s and the late 2010s in Portland, Oregon. Eleven untrained crowd workers were recruited to provide liveliness ratings of 24,242 streetscape images for both periods. Tabulation, mapping, and multilevel regression analyses were conducted to observe the distribution, changes in liveliness, and the factors affecting these changes. The results confirmed that …


Scales Of Connectivity Within Stream Temperature Networks Of The Clackamas River Basin, Oregon, Michael Krochta, Heejun Chang Jan 2024

Scales Of Connectivity Within Stream Temperature Networks Of The Clackamas River Basin, Oregon, Michael Krochta, Heejun Chang

Geography Faculty Publications and Presentations

Water quality varies along the stream network; thus, considering the directional, dendritic nature of stream networks with surrounding landscape variables is essential in explaining spatial variations of water quality. Using a spatially extensive stream temperature monitoring effort in the Clackamas River Basin in the United States, we first compare spatial scales of analysis of atmospheric, landscape, and in-stream explanatory variables through their correlation with summer stream temperatures. We then derive a predictive stream temperature model with factors representing the spatial variation of local climate, recent wildfire effects, and discharge. Finally, we compare nonspatial multiple linear regression to a spatial stream …


Urban Flood Extent Segmentation And Evaluation From Real-World Surveillance Camera Images Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network, Yidi Wang, Yawen Shen, Behrouz Salahshour, Mecit Cetin, Khan Iftekharuddin, Navid Tahvildari, Guoping Huang, Devin K. Harris, Kwame Ampofo, Jonathan L. Goodall Jan 2024

Urban Flood Extent Segmentation And Evaluation From Real-World Surveillance Camera Images Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network, Yidi Wang, Yawen Shen, Behrouz Salahshour, Mecit Cetin, Khan Iftekharuddin, Navid Tahvildari, Guoping Huang, Devin K. Harris, Kwame Ampofo, Jonathan L. Goodall

Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

This study explores the use of Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) for semantic segmentation of flood images. Imagery datasets of urban flooding were used to train two DCNN-based models, and camera images were used to test the application of the models with real-world data. Validation results show that both models extracted flood extent with a mean F1-score over 0.9. The factors that affected the performance included still water surface with specular reflection, wet road surface, and low illumination. In testing, reduced visibility during a storm and raindrops on surveillance cameras were major problems that affected the segmentation of flood extent. …


Small-Strain Site Response Of Soft Soils In The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Region Of California Conditioned On Vₛ₃₀ And Mhvsr, Tristan E. Buckreis, Jonathan P. Stewart, Scott J. Brandenberg, Pengfei Wang Jan 2024

Small-Strain Site Response Of Soft Soils In The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Region Of California Conditioned On Vₛ₃₀ And Mhvsr, Tristan E. Buckreis, Jonathan P. Stewart, Scott J. Brandenberg, Pengfei Wang

Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Sites located in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region of California typically have peaty-organic soils near the ground surface, which are characteristically soft, with shear wave velocities as low as 30 m/s. These unusually soft geotechnical conditions, which are outside the range of applicability of existing ergodic site amplification models, can be anticipated to produce significant site effects during earthquake shaking. We evaluate site response for 36 seismic stations in the Delta region using non-ergodic methods with low-amplitude ground motion data. We model first-order site effects using a period-dependent relation conditioned on the 30 m time-averaged shear wave velocity (V …


Contribution Of High Turbidity To Tidal Dynamics In A Curved Channel In Zhoushan Islands, China, Li Li, Fangzhou Shen, Zhiguo He, Gangfeng Ma, Jiachen Wang, Kailong Huangfu Jan 2024

Contribution Of High Turbidity To Tidal Dynamics In A Curved Channel In Zhoushan Islands, China, Li Li, Fangzhou Shen, Zhiguo He, Gangfeng Ma, Jiachen Wang, Kailong Huangfu

Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

The curved tidal channel, Luotou Deep-water Navigational Channel, is the main channel of the Ningbo Zhoushan Port, which is ranked first in the world. Tidal dynamics in the channel are spatially and temporally asymmetric. In this study, the three-dimensional tidal dynamics in the channel were analyzed using field data and simulated using FVCOM. The results show that the tides in the channel flood/ebb along the northern/southern bank near the bottom/surface layer and these asymmetries are due to the imbalanced Coriolis force, centrifugal force, sea-level gradient, and density gradient. Residual current velocity peaks (0.7 m/s) in the middle of the channel …


Modeling Coupled Driving Behavior During Lane Change: A Multi-Agent Transformer Reinforcement Learning Approach, Hongyu Guo, Mehdi Keyvan-Ekbatani, Kun Xie Jan 2024

Modeling Coupled Driving Behavior During Lane Change: A Multi-Agent Transformer Reinforcement Learning Approach, Hongyu Guo, Mehdi Keyvan-Ekbatani, Kun Xie

Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

In a lane change (LC) scenario, the lane change vehicle interacts with surrounding vehicles. The interactions not only affect their driving behaviors but also influence the traffic flow. This study aims to model the coupled behavior of the lane changer and the follower in the target lane during LC. Large-scale real-world connected vehicle (CV) data from the Safety Pilot Model Deployment (SPMD) program are used to extract LCs and study vehicle interactions. A multi-agent Transformer-based deep deterministic policy gradient (MA-TDDPG) method is proposed to model the coupled behaviors during LC. The multi-agent framework can handle the multiple agents’ behaviors with …


Implications Of Alternative Communications And Sensing Technologies For Implementing Variable Speed Limit Control Through Connected Vehicles: Sag Curve As A Case Study, Reza Vatani Nezafat, Mecit Cetin, Elizabeth Williams, George F. List Jan 2024

Implications Of Alternative Communications And Sensing Technologies For Implementing Variable Speed Limit Control Through Connected Vehicles: Sag Curve As A Case Study, Reza Vatani Nezafat, Mecit Cetin, Elizabeth Williams, George F. List

Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Connected vehicles (CVs) will enable various applications to improve traffic flow. This paper's focus is to investigate how the potential implementation of variable speed limit (VSL) through different types of communication and sensing technologies on CVs makes it possible to mitigate congestion at a sag curve bottleneck. A VSL algorithm is developed and implemented in a simulation environment for controlling the inflow of vehicles to a sag curve to minimize delays and increase throughput. Both vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) options for CVs are investigated when implementing the VSL control strategy in a simulation environment. Also, for measuring traffic density …


Investigating The Viability Of Low Frequency Mhvsr Estimates Using Deep Shear Wave Velocity Profile, T. Mai, C. C. Nweke, P. Wang, F. J. Ornelas Jan 2024

Investigating The Viability Of Low Frequency Mhvsr Estimates Using Deep Shear Wave Velocity Profile, T. Mai, C. C. Nweke, P. Wang, F. J. Ornelas

Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Site response describes the alterations of seismic energy due to its interaction with subsurface geological interfaces and structures, which is usually estimated by one dimensional (1D) ground response analysis (GRA). However, 1D GRA requires subsurface information (e.g., shear wave velocity profile), which makes it not widely applicable, particularly for the sites where subsurface information is unavailable. Alternatively, the microtremor horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (mHVSR) from three-component recordings of ambient noise on the ground surface is easily measured and is believed to have the potential for site response prediction (the peaks in mHVSR are strongly associated with the site resonant frequencies). However,the …


Compound Flooding Hazards Due To Storm Surge And Pluvial Flow In A Low-Gradient Coastal Region, Sunghoon Han, Navid Tahvildari Jan 2024

Compound Flooding Hazards Due To Storm Surge And Pluvial Flow In A Low-Gradient Coastal Region, Sunghoon Han, Navid Tahvildari

Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Flood risk analyses often focus on a single flooding source, typically storm surge or rainfall-driven flooding, depending on the predominant threat. However, hurricanes frequently cause compound flooding through significant storm surges accompanied by heavy rainfall. This study employs a hydrodynamic model based on Delft3D-Flexible Mesh that couples flow, waves, and rainfall-driven flow to simulate five historical tropical cyclones in Virginia's southeast coastal region. These storms produced varying intensities of storm surge and rainfall in the study area. Model simulations, incorporating rainfall through a rain-on-grid approach, account for the dynamic interaction between storm tides, and pluvial flow and enable the definition …


Reliability Of Low Frequency Mhvsr Ordinates, F. J. Ornelas, C. C. Nweke, C. A. De La Torre, P. Wang, T. D. Mai, B. R. Cox, S. J. Brandenberg, J. P. Stewart Jan 2024

Reliability Of Low Frequency Mhvsr Ordinates, F. J. Ornelas, C. C. Nweke, C. A. De La Torre, P. Wang, T. D. Mai, B. R. Cox, S. J. Brandenberg, J. P. Stewart

Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Microtremor horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (mHVSR) are frequency-dependent ratios of Fourier amplitude spectra of the horizontal to vertical components of a 3-component recording of ambient ground motions from microtremors. Results from mHVSR tests can identify the frequencies associated with site resonances at sites with large impedance contrasts, and hence have potential to provide useful parameters for predicting seismic site response. Site measurements are made by recording ground vibrations either from a temporarily deployed seismometer, typically recording for a relatively short period of time (~1-2 hrs.), or from a permanently-installed broadband seismometer. In this paper, we discuss ongoing work investigating the reliability …


A General Framework For Modeling Subregional Path Effects, T. E. Buckreis, P. Wang, S. J. Brandenberg, J. P. Stewart Jan 2024

A General Framework For Modeling Subregional Path Effects, T. E. Buckreis, P. Wang, S. J. Brandenberg, J. P. Stewart

Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) West2 ground motion models (GMMs) include regional path adjustments for broad jurisdictional regions, which necessarily averages spatially variable path effects within those regions. We extend that framework to account for systematic variations in attenuation within subregions defined in consideration of geologic differences. In recent years, cell-based methods which systematically account for spatial variations by summing the attenuation effects over a fine discretization of uniform-rectangular cells (e.g., Dawood and Rodriquez-Marek 2013; Kuehn et al. 2019) have been shown to be an effective alternative to regionalization and a step towards modelling non-ergodic path effects. The main drawbacks of …


User-Interaction With A Web-Served Global Ground Motion Relational Database, T. E. Buckreis, C. C. Nweke, P. Wang, S. J. Brandenberg, R. Shams, M. E. Ramos-Sepulveda, R. Pretell, S. Mazzoni Jan 2024

User-Interaction With A Web-Served Global Ground Motion Relational Database, T. E. Buckreis, C. C. Nweke, P. Wang, S. J. Brandenberg, R. Shams, M. E. Ramos-Sepulveda, R. Pretell, S. Mazzoni

Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

We present an application programming interface (API) which facilitates public access to a global relational database of earthquake ground motion intensity measures, associated metadata, and time-series data. Next Generation Attenuation (NGA)-East and NGA-West2 project spreadsheets have been adapted into a relational database format composed of multiple tables through a series of primary and foreign keys. The combined dataset has been expanded to include contributions from earthquakes, generally with magnitudes greater than M3.9, that have occurred since the conclusion of the data synthesis component of both projects in 2011. Currently the database includes 62,449 ground motions recorded at 9,092 stations for …


Health Policies Within The Poverty Agendas Of Lula And Rousseff, Welington Lazarini, Francis Sodré, Carlos Eduardo Siqueira Jan 2024

Health Policies Within The Poverty Agendas Of Lula And Rousseff, Welington Lazarini, Francis Sodré, Carlos Eduardo Siqueira

Gastón Institute Publications

The anti-poverty agenda has been at the heart of the World Bank’s discourse in recent decades. Social policies started to be identified as strategic for combating poverty and promoting development in poor countries. We analyzed the health policy recommendations made by the World Bank to Brazil in the Lula da Silva and Rousseff administrations from 2003 to 2014. Document analysis was used to explore the partnership contracts between the World Bank and Brazil, projects financed by the World Bank in Brazil, and the document “20 Years of Construction of the Health System in Brazil: An Analysis of the Unified Health …


Differential Conservation And Loss Of Chicken Repeat 1 (Cr1) Retrotransposons In Squamates Reveal Lineage-Specific Genome Dynamics Across Reptiles, Simone M. Gable, Nicholas A. Bushroe, Jasmine M. Mendez, Adam Wilson, Brendan J. Pinto, Tony Gamble, Marc Tollis Jan 2024

Differential Conservation And Loss Of Chicken Repeat 1 (Cr1) Retrotransposons In Squamates Reveal Lineage-Specific Genome Dynamics Across Reptiles, Simone M. Gable, Nicholas A. Bushroe, Jasmine M. Mendez, Adam Wilson, Brendan J. Pinto, Tony Gamble, Marc Tollis

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Transposable elements (TEs) are repetitive DNA sequences which create mutations and generate genetic diversity across the tree of life. In amniote vertebrates, TEs have been mainly studied in mammals and birds, whose genomes generally display low TE diversity. Squamates (Order Squamata; including ∼11,000 extant species of lizards and snakes) show as much variation in TE abundance and activity as they do in species and phenotypes. Despite this high TE activity, squamate genomes are remarkably uniform in size. We hypothesize that novel, lineage-specific genome dynamics have evolved over the course of squamate evolution. To understand the interplay between TEs and host …