Digital Commons Network^™

New Chronology For Neolithic Cultures In The Lake Eyasi Basin, Northern Tanzania, Musa Said Mwitondi, Pastory Magayane Bushozi

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

There have been several studies on Neolithic Cultures in the Serengeti National. The recovered archaeological materials include domestic and wild fauna remains, potsherds and lithic artefacts, ochre, and stone enclosures, dating between 7200 and 4900 BP. In the East African Rift System (EARS), conventional ages for Neolithic Cultures are inferred from the most extensively researched Neolithic sites in Kenya, where the oldest Nderit ware, cattle and caprine in the Lake Turkana Basin, northern Kenya, date ca. 5200 BP. Studies on the Neolithic of EARS have been structured to fit into the migration or diffusion models that consider the spread of …

Smallpox Outbreaks And Immunization Policies In Tanzania From The Late Nineteenth Century To The First World War, Lorne Larson

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

An estimated 300 million people died globally from smallpox in the 20th century alone. There was very much a North/South divide in the existence of the disease in that period, with countries across South America, Africa and Asia recording the majority of cases. In 1966 the World Health Organization launched an intensive effort to finally eliminate the disease. The last known endemic case of smallpox was reported in Somalia in 1977, and that outbreak was promptly contained. In 1980 smallpox was declared eradicated – the only infectious disease affecting humans to achieve this distinction. This remains among the most notable …

'Evading The Tax Collector’: Native Responses To The Head Tax In Colonial Njombe, Tanzania, 1920-1960, Peter Chaula, Hezron Kangalawe

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

Tax collection was one of the core preoccupations of the colonial government in Tanganyika (now Tanzania) and other colonies in the Africa that persisted even after independence. Direct taxation formed the basis of colonial taxation in Tanganyika. Head tax was a dominant form of direct taxation with its burden being borne primarily by Africans. This article uses the colonial Njombe District of Tanganyika to explore the responses of the African taxpayers to the head tax. The available data indicates that colonial head tax policies and practices in Njombe elicited varied responses from Africans with covert forms forming the mainstay of …

Revisiting African Religion As An Academic Discipline In Africa: History And Prospects, Ivan B. Kivinge

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

Three main religious traditions—indigenous African beliefs and practices (African religion), Christianity and Islam—have dominated everyday life of communities in Africa today. Scholarship on religion indicates that only African religion originated in Africa— Christianity and Islam are foreign religions. Many Africans today have been active Christians and Muslims, who are sometimes being misleadingly taught that African religion is demonic and forms of paganism. This article employs historical and philosophical approaches to show how the study of African religion has navigated through various historical currents and resultant implications on the way the current generation views it. In the end, the article proposes …

Major Trends In Oral Historiography In Mainland Tanzania, 1960s To The Present: A Review Of Published Sources, Albertus K. Onyiego

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

This article examines the role of oral methodology in reconstructing historical knowledge in Mainland Tanzania over the last six decades. Although greater attention is paid to the period from the 1960s onwards, efforts have been made to illuminate on the use of oral methodology in the period before. The article is organised into four temporal sections, each representing a distinct phase of oral methodology. The first section explores the role of oral methodology before independence. It will be noticed that the gradual use of oral sources in the writing of history in Mainland Tanzania started way back during German and …

A Society For Professional Archaeologists In Tanzania: A Call For Action, Richard K. Bigambo

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

This essay discusses the need for an Archaeological Association of Tanzania and provides its general structure. It argues that the proposed association is essential for promoting the country’s development, heritage preservation and conservation, and promotion of archaeological studies. In addition to providing resources and support for research, training, and education, it would facilitate collaboration and networking, help protect and preserve Tanzania's cultural heritage, and increase public awareness and education about archaeology in Tanzania. The essay also discusses the development of archaeology in Tanzania and the history and contributions of archaeological associations worldwide. This structure for the proposed association would enable …

Review Of Water Brings No Harm: Management Knowledge And The Struggle For Waters Of Kilimanjaro, Maxmillian J. Chuhila

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

Water Brings No Harm is a key text that enables readers to understand the competing claims to resource control between government authorities and local communities on the ground. Scholarship on the relationship between local knowledge and expert knowledge in resource management and control suggests an asymmetrical relationship in which expert opinion assumes the primary responsibility.1 Bender contrasts traditional and imposed systems of resource ownership and management, arguing that there has been a struggle from both sides, as each side believes it has a rightful claim to ownership and management of water source.

Review Of Decolonising Sociology: An Introduction, Armstrong K. Matogwa

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

Decolonizing Sociology is one of the few works in sociology that makes critical assessment of the discipline. It is a kind of self-critique within the discipline that aims to reveal epistemic setbacks that have existed for decades. To arrive to the point, Meghji, has situated his thesis along decolonial sociology, which interrogates dominant sociological theories in the context of imperialism. By so doing, he makes three main arguments as follows; first, what is called sociology is colonial in nature as it is based on the ideas of the Western thinkers namely Marx, Durkheim and Weber which emerged and institutionalized during …

Hubungan Abnormalitas Ekokardiografi Terhadap Mortalitas Pasien Terkonfirmasi Covid-19 Derajat Berat Dan Kritis Di Rsupn Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Fidiaji Hiltono Santoso, Idrus Alwi, Sally A. Nasution, Cleopas Martin Rumende

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. The mortality rate of COVID-19 patients in Indonesia is high with manifestations of cardiac complications. Echocardiographic evaluation can help identify cardiac functional and structural disorders associated with patient mortality. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between echocardiographic abnormalities and mortality in severe and critical COVID-19 patients.

Methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using medical record data of severe and critical COVID-19 patients at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta during March 2020 to April 2021. Subjects were selected using total sampling. Descriptive analysis was performed, presenting descriptive tables, and bivariate analysis was conducted using the …

Saatnya Memberikan Vaksin Influenza Untuk Tenaga Kesehatan, Anshari Saifuddin Hasibuan

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

No abstract provided.

Gastric Outlet Obstruction Sebagai Keluhan Awal Limfoma Gaster: Sebuah Laporan Kasus, Lie Khie Chen, Nurhidayat Mohammad, Bayu B. Rumondor, Virly Nanda Muzellina

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Gastric lymphoma often presents with non-specific symptoms, contributing to delayed diagnosis. Gastric Outlet Obstruction (GOO) is a potential complication that may occur in patients with gastric lymphoma. A 62-year-old male patient presented with persistent weakness, nausea, and vomiting. His symptoms began with long-standing abdominal discomfort, which had not been further evaluated. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) revealed GOO secondary to a mass, which, after pathological and immunohistochemical evaluation, was diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The patient was subsequently given a nasojejunal feeding tube and treated with R-CHOP chemotherapy (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and oral prednisone). The non-specific nature of gastric lymphoma …

Pengaruh Durasi Pengobatan Dan Preferensi Pasien Kanker Stadium Akhir Terhadap Layanan Homecare Di Rumah Sakit Medistra Pada Tahun 2021-2023, Peter Brian Sutanto Putra Dr, Erfen Gustiawan Suwangto Dr, Tena Djuartina Dr, Iskandar Rahardjo Budianto Dr, C. Rinaldi A. Lesmana

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. Cancer is still an enormous health problem in the world and rank second as the most common cause of mortality. End-stage cancer requires end-of-life or palliative care to improve the patient’s quality of life before death. Homecare services have become an option for providing palliative care to avoid long-term hospital stays. The study aimed to provide an overview of the treatment duration and other factors in end-stage cancer patients regarding the selection of homecare services at Medistra Hospital during the period of 2021-2023.

Methods. This study with a cross-sectional design analyzed medical records of end-stage cancer patients …

Efektivitas Vaksin Covid-19 Mrna Booster Kedua Pada Tenaga Kesehatan Di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Dan Faktor Yang Memengaruhinya, Siti Taqwa Fitria Lubis, Sukamto Koesnoe, Evy Yunihastuti, Hamzah Shatri, Teguh Harjono Karjadi, Kuntjoro Harimurti, Ceva Wicaksono Pitoyo, Em Yunir

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. The emergence of the Omicron variant during the pandemic had an impact on the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine. The spread of Omicron increased rapidly even in populations that had been vaccinated with booster doses, causing a high incidence of infection. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness and factors related to the effectiveness of the second mRNA booster vaccine as well as antibody levels after the second mRNA booster vaccine in healthcare workers at Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital.

Methods. This study used a cohort design. Total sampling of 271 healthcare workers were obtained from previous …

Efek Terapeutik Analog Somatostatin Dalam Menghambat Perkembangan Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease, Irvin Rembrant Holleritz Sitompul, Grasella Angelika Putri, Purwita Wijaya Laksmi

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a hereditary disorder characterized by formation and progressive growth of cysts in the kidneys and other organs such as liver, spleen, and pancreas. Recent advances have led to possibilities to target the main cause of cyst growth, cAMP. Somatostatin targets cAMP and inhibits its production directly and indirectly in kidney and liver, which might potentially prevent renal and liver cyst progression in ADPKD. This report aims to evaluate the effectiveness of somatostatin analogue therapy in slowing disease progression in ADPKD patients, according to the latest evidence. A literature search was conducted on five …

Long Covid Dan Sistem Kardiovaskular, Muhadi Muhadi, Ivan Mardhi Laksmana

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Even after nasopharyngeal Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) swab investigation revealed no COVID-19 infection, some individuals continue to have long COVID symptoms. According to a research published in 2022, 4.5 – 36.6% of patients had symptoms following a COVID-19 infection more than three months. Long COVID symptoms may impact multiple organ systems, including the cardiovascular system. Chest pain, palpitations, arrhythmia, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, and other symptoms are possible appeared in long COVID. D-Dimer, echocardiography, CT scan, cMRI and other supportive test showed meaningful results. Pharmacological treatment can be given based on the concurrent diagnosis found in patients with long COVID. …

Analisis Hubungan Volatilitas Pasar Saham, Foreign Portfolio Investment, Dan Indikator Makroekonomi Pada Saham Syariah Sektor Energi Di Indonesia Tahun 2011-2023, Syahrul 'Ali Ibrohim

Jurnal Manajemen dan Usahawan Indonesia

This research aims to analyze the relationship between stock market volatility, Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI), interest rates, exchange rates, and the Industrial Production Index (IPI) on Islamic stocks in the energy sector in Indonesia from 2011 to 2023, using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method and monthly frequency data. The research results indicate the existence of cointegration or a long-term relationship among each tested variable as the dependent variable. The long-term test results show that volatility in Islamic stocks in the energy sector is positively influenced by FPI activity. Furthermore, the exchange rate positively affects the IPI. Meanwhile, in the …

Optimizing Bioethanol Production From Solanum Torvum (Devil's Thorn): An Evaluation Of Conversion Efficiency And Invasive Plant Management Potential, Jaya Ashwin D S, Navaneeth K, Abhay Mahesh Baadkar, Supriya S Sundar, Bhoomika B J

Manipal Journal of Science and Technology

Solanum torvum, commonly known as the Devil’s thorn, is an invasive species present in India that causes negative ecological consequences. However, given its abundance and high starch content in the plant, it could be utilized as a potential feedstock for sustainable biofuel production. We aim to explore the feasibility of bioethanol production from S. torvum and its potential as a means of managing this invasive species. The study will take on a comprehensive approach, including techniques for optimizing starch extraction and improving its accessibility. Fermentation with suitable strains of microorganisms, and analysis of bioethanol yield. In addition, the study will …

Genetic Algorithm-Based Design Solution Of An Area Lighting Scheme - A Case Study, Prabhat Mishra, Arnab Ganguly, Amartya Roy, Mihir Kumar Manna, Abhik Hazra

Manipal Journal of Science and Technology

In this paper, a Genetic Algorithm (GA)-based approach is taken for the lighting design of a specified area. The design of an area lighting scheme primarily depends upon the application of that area and accordingly target values of lighting design parameters are to be decided from relevant BIS (Bureau of Indian Standard) lighting codes. There are several design variables, viz., light distribution, aiming of the luminaire, pole spacing, luminaire mounting height, grid dimension over the field, etc. The task of a lighting designer is to achieve the target design parameters through a suitable combination of set design variables and design …

Field Oriented Control (Foc) Of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (Pmsm) Applied In Electric Vehicle (Ev), Unnikrishnan P C, Delgin Saji, Ashwini M, Georgee Cleetus, Joshua Andrews Chandy

Manipal Journal of Science and Technology

Synchronous motors are the most commonly used steady-state three-phase AC motors in electrical systems. The synchronous speed of these motors remains constant, being equal to the supply frequency and its rotational period corresponding to the integral number of AC cycles. So, these motors are mainly used to improve the power factor in power systems.

The paper focuses on field-oriented control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor to effectively control its speed and torque. AC motors only have stator currents, so separate control mechanisms such as vector controls are required to control the motor’s operation. Field-oriented control is the most commonly …

Contingency Analysis On Transmission Line Of Ieee 9 Bus System, Padmashree K S

Manipal Journal of Science and Technology

Ensuring power system security poses a significant challenge for engineers in the field. Conducting security assessments is crucial as it provides insight into the system's condition in the event of a contingency. The widely employed contingency analysis technique serves to anticipate the impact of outages, such as equipment failures or transmission line disruptions, enabling pre-emptive measures to maintain system reliability. However, analyzing each contingency offline is arduous due to the extensive number of system components, with only select contingencies posing severe threats to the system. Computing performance indices for every scenario is a step in the contingency selection process, which …

African American College Students’ Perceived Motivation And Engagement In Online Learning Environments, Juanita Sharpe

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The current study delved into the problematic achievement gap between African-American graduates students and other groups, specifically in the online learning environment. African-American graduate students’ lower achievement is problematic due to its lost opportunity costs and social subjugation of an entire group of Americans. The study’s purpose was to improve our understanding of this problem in order to better inform the content and packaging of future academic delivery to this population. A qualitative methodology with a phenomenological design was used to cull the 1st hand experiences of African-American graduate students as to their online learning experiences. Self-determination and constructivism theories …

An Energy-Efficient Clustering Technique Of Heterogeneous And Homogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks, Ahmad Alkhayyat, Rohit Sharma

NJF Intelligent Engineering Journal

The technology of wireless sensor networks (WSN) has recently gained widespread recognition as an emerging one. A WSN consists of a set of sensors powered by batteries. Inaccessible locations usually make it difficult to replace or recharge sensors' batteries. These networks are plagued by energy consumption, which is the main problem. The clustering algorithms are remarkably effective in dealing with such problems in this regard. As a result, this technique appears to help reduce node energy consumption, which ultimately increases the network's lifespan. Heterogeneous and homogeneous clustering algorithms exist. In homogeneous clustering algorithms, all nodes have the same technical characteristics, …

Optimized Thyroid Disease Classification Using Nature-Inspired Algorithms: Gwo & Woa, Sayan Mondal

NJF Intelligent Engineering Journal

Recently, there has been an upsurge in the number of cases of thyroid disease. Thyroid function is essential for metabolism, making the early diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction an urgent matter. The issue of class imbalance has not been thoroughly examined, even though there are multiple publications on the topic of thyroid disease detection. Furthermore, the binary-class problem has been the primary emphasis of previous research. This study intends to address these concerns by using the suggested strategy, which takes into account ten distinct thyroid illnesses. In order to choose the best features from the Thyroid dataset, this research proposes two …

A Predictive Iot And Cloud Framework For Smart Healthcare Monitoring Using Integrated Deep Learning Model, Preeti Rani, Umesh Chandra Garjola, Haider Abbas

NJF Intelligent Engineering Journal

The researchers developed a deep learning-based smart healthcare monitoring system based on IoT and cloud technology. The proposed system integrates IoT sensors for real-time collection of physiological data, such as ECG, blood pressure, and heart rate, with cloud computing for secure storage and advanced analytics. Utilizing the Bi-LSTM model with fuzzy inference systems (FIS), the framework enhances the accuracy and efficiency of heart disease prediction. According to the evaluation, the model performs better in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score than traditional LSTM and FLSTM models. By enabling early detection and personalized interventions, the system aims to reduce …

Real-Time Congestion Control And Load Optimization In Cloud-Manets Using Predictive Algorithms, Preeti Rani, Mohammed Hussien Falaah

NJF Intelligent Engineering Journal

Cloud-MANET environments require a system to balance load and control congestion. As a result of integrating real-time network metrics with predictive traffic algorithms, the proposed model optimizes the management of dynamic topologies, network bandwidth constraints, and fluctuating traffic loads. In addition to energy-aware multi-path routing, the framework incorporates adaptive congestion control mechanisms to ensure data transmission is efficient and stable. This algorithm provides higher packet delivery ratios, reduces end-to-end delays, and increases throughput over existing algorithms, according to the evaluation results. Hybrid Cloud-MANET systems can benefit from this approach by optimizing resource utilization and network performance.

New Forced Convection Flow Of Nanofluid Within A Partially Filled Porous~Straight Channel, Ammar I. Alsabery, Ali Sahib Abosinee

NJF Intelligent Engineering Journal

This study specifically examines how the movement and dispersion of nanoparticles affect heat transfer in a linear channel that contains a partially porous medium. The existing body of literature is lacking a comprehensive understanding of the convective heat transfer of nanofluids in porous channels. This presents an open research topic that demands further investigation. The porous channel is modelled using Finite Element Method (FEM) for steady flow. The assumption of thermal equilibrium model is made between the solid phases and nanofluid. The non-uniform distribution of nanoparticles within the channel is postulated. Consequently, the equation for the distribution of volume fraction …

A Predictive Framework Combining Iot And Machine Learning Regression Models For Smart Precision Farming, Kusum Yadav, Nesreen Abdou El-Hadiede

NJF Intelligent Engineering Journal

In this paper, the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning algorithms that incorporate regressor are integrated to improve precision agriculture. Data from Internet of Things sensors like temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and soil sensors can be collected and analysed using machine learning algorithms like Support Vector Machines (SVMs) and Multilayer Perceptrons (MLPs). By using the proposed system, crop yield will be optimised, resource usage will be minimised, and the environmental impact of agriculture will be reduced. A comparison of predictive accuracy and error metrics, such as RMSE, demonstrated the effectiveness of automated monitoring, predicting crop health issues, and implementing …

Comparative Analysis Of Nature-Inspired Optimization Algorithms: Applications, Challenges And Future Directions, Prerna Mann

NJF Intelligent Engineering Journal

With the proliferation of data generation, the process of achieving optimal solutions is getting more complex. It is becoming increasingly clear that intelligent metaheuristics algorithms are the way to go for solving these complicated optimisation problems, particularly when faced with several restrictions. The development of effective methods for dealing with these optimisation challenges has prompted the creation of numerous new algorithms. These algorithms are either improving their ability to handle problems in many domains or are investigating new contexts in which they could be useful. The field is advancing at a quick pace, leaving many in the dark about its …

Biological Abnormalities In Long Covid Disease: A Mini Review, Abbas F. Almulla, Hanaa Addai Ali

NJF Biomedicine Journal

Long COVID (LC) is characterized by prolonged, diverse symptoms affecting multiple organ systems, including but not limiting to the immune, neurological, and cardiovascular systems. This mini review explores the biological abnormalities underpinning LC, focusing on immune dysregulation, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction as key contributors to its persistence. Recent studies indicate that LC may involve sustained elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, autoimmunity, and T-cell exhaustion, all of which perpetuate a state of low-grade chronic inflammation. Additionally, oxidative and nitrosative stress linked to mitochondrial damage exacerbates fatigue, mood and cognitive symptoms, while hormonal imbalances and metabolic disturbances further complicate the …

Comparative Analysis Of Atracurium And Rocuronium In General Anesthesia: Distribution And Effects On Vital Signs, Omaima Abbass, Ahmed Maki Radeef

NJF Biomedicine Journal

Background: The Muscle relaxants are necessary in anesthesia management that used to facilitate the intubation and for ensure muscle relaxation during surgery. The Rocuronium and Atracurium are two most commonly used non-depolarizing muscle for relaxants of muscles, which each have novel effects on hemodynamic parameters, since they are major for maintaining stability during surgical procedures.

Objective: The present study aims to compare the hemodynamic effects of both Rocuronium and Atracurium during surgery apparatus in adult patients that undergoing general anesthesia, their effect on systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, and oxygen …