Digital Commons Network^™

Civilian Harm Mitigation And Response: The Imperative Of An All-Domain Approach, Alexus G. Grynkewich, Thomas R. Burks, Alex B. Coberly, Samantha A. Mcclure

Joint Force Quarterly

Τhe Department of Defense (DOD) seeks to reduce civilian harm caused by military operations and to improve its ability to respond when civilian harm occurs. To this end, Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin approved and released the Civilian Harm Mitigation and Response Action Plan (CHMR-AP) on August 25, 2022. CHMR-AP is a watershed initiative in which DOD commits to improving its ability to prevent, mitigate, and respond to civilian harm. No amount of prevention or mitigation will eliminate civilian harm in armed conflict, nor does international law demand that civilian harm be eliminated. Still, providing civilians more protection than international …

Deviance And Innovation: Change In A “Society Of Saints”, Thaddeus V. Drake, Derrick L. Mcclain

Joint Force Quarterly

Μilitary innovation and adaptation studies are a growth industry. Since the publication of Barry Posen’s seminal study The Sources of Military Doctrine in the early 1980s, the field has grown extensively. Despite well-known military thinkers’ recent book-length treatments of the topic, most studies of change in the military retain two key commonalities. First, nearly all assume that innovation or adaptation is inherently good and worth pursuing. Second, they agree that militaries are famously resistant to change and accept this as part of the fundamental nature of the military system. This article acknowledges the first point; indeed, modern military leaders continually …

The Future Of Great Power Competition: Trajectories, Transitions, And Prospects For Catastrophic War, Thomas F. Lynch Iii

Joint Force Quarterly

Τhe dominant geostrategic framework of international relations today is that of a Great Power competition (GPC) among three rivalrous, globally dominant states: the United States, Russia, and China. After more than two decades of mainly cooperation and collaboration, they drifted into de facto competition at the end of the 2000s. By the middle of the 2010s, their undeclared but obvious rivalry intensified. Fully acknowledged GPC arrived in late 2017 when the United States published its National Security Strategy and declared a formal end to the 25-year era of U.S.-led globalization and active American democratization initiatives.

Executive Summary, William T. Eliason

Joint Force Quarterly

Αs I have written before in this space, change is a constant. NDU Press and Joint Force Quarterly are not immune to this fact. Recently, we moved to a more modern Web-based platform that will be less expensive to maintain and operate. The work became more complicated than anticipated, causing JFQ 113 to be a bit tardy online and in the mailbox, but our team worked out a way to daylight. Leading the charge was our “unicorn” Internet Publications Editor, Ms. Joanna “Joey” Seich. She took a suggested path from my director here at NDU’s Institute for National Strategic Studies …

Joint Force Quarterly, Issue 114, 3rd Quarter 2024, National Defense University Press

Joint Force Quarterly

Joint Force Quarterly 114 explores the evolving dynamics of great power competition, military innovation, and the future of joint force effectiveness. The issue opens with insights from senior leadership, setting the stage for discussions on the trajectories of global power shifts, civilian harm mitigation, and the viability of the all-volunteer force in modern warfare. Contributions to joint professional military education (JPME) highlight the need to balance career development with military obligations, enhance joint qualification value, and address logistics challenges in contested environments. Commentary pieces examine the strategic direction of the Marine Corps, the future of noncombatant evacuation operations post-Afghanistan, and …

The Memory-Keeping Daughter: Exploring Object Stories And Family Legacies From America's Modern Wars, Susan R. Grayzel

History Faculty Publications

This essay demonstrates how wartime objects can have a special resonance in families as keepers of memory, and it especially explores the role of daughters of military participants in preserving the artifacts of their veteran fathers. Using several case studies from a recent public history project collecting objects and object stories in the American southwest, it argues that a focus on daughters as caretakers of family military history offers a new way to engage with descendants' histories by showing how the work of such women can contribute to our understanding of modern war and its legacies.

Takiri Ake Nga Haeata: Lighting A Path To Increased Indigenous Leadership In Aotearoa, Kaylee Ihimaera

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis addresses the underrepresentation of indigenous Māori people in leadership positions and pursues the need to develop a Māori leadership framework aimed at empowering the next generation of indigenous people. Several frameworks have attempted to exhibit Māori leadership dynamics, each offering unique insights into the cultural and relational aspects of Māori leadership. However, existing frameworks often exhibit limitations in fully encapsulating the breadth of Māori leadership values and practices, necessitating the development of a comprehensive Māori leadership model independent of Western frameworks. Through an extensive review of existing literature and engaging with Māori experts, I synthesized key insights to …

David: The Good, The Bad, & The Ugly, Erica Lea-Simka

Consensus

No abstract provided.

In Vivo Evaluation Of Fatty Acid Loaded Chitosan Membranes For Pain Relief And Biofilm Associated Infection Prevention, Yogita Manasa Dintakurthi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

Infections are the leading cause of burn related deaths worldwide. These infections not only complicate micro-environment of a burn wound, but further obscure the wound due to the formation of biofilms at the wound site. Local drug delivery (LDD) has been a highly researched solution due to its advantages in locally treating and preventing infection while avoiding systemic side effects. LDD systems also have advantages for complex wounds, like burns. Chitosan is a natural polymer that is often used in these systems due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility and versatility. Previous research has suggested that short chain unsaturated fatty acids, for …

The Value Of Cybersecurity Investment In Electronic Health Records (Ehrs, Ansu Katta

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Senior healthcare IT leaders concerned about cybersecurity in electronic health records (EHR) continue to face fundamental challenges when efficiently managing EHR cybersecurity infrastructures to fulfill business objectives. Grounded in the updated DeLone and McLean information system success model, the purpose of this quantitative multiple linear regression study was to examine relationships between information quality, system quality, service quality, and user satisfaction related to cybersecurity and cloud computing infrastructures for EHR. The participants were 161 senior healthcare IT leaders in North and South Carolina who completed a survey that used an instrument scale based on ISS. The results of the multiple …

Remarks By Vice Chairman Travis Hill At The American Enterprise Institute “Reflections On Bank Regulatory And Resolution Issues”, Travis Hill

Documents

No abstract provided.

Capability Gaps In Allied Space Deterrence, Mary A. Black

Space and Defense

U.S. predominance in space power is undermined by two capability gaps: the transatlantic gap for interoperability and the authoritarian gap for defense against asymmetric threats.

Operational Energy Solutions For A 21st Century Battlefield, Nestor R. Levin

Space and Defense

Development of alternative energy storage and distribution capacity for the modern battlefield is a major national security interest.

American Sanctions On China's Space Program: Effective Economic Statecraft?, Paul J. Bolt

Space and Defense

American economic statecraft as a tool to manage competition with China’s Space Program is likely to remain contentious as it amplifies enduring debates in U.S. foreign policy: i) the tension between international realism and American liberalism; ii) the questionable benefit of government involvement in picking winners and losers from the private sector; and iii) the difficulty of defining long-term success in foreign policy outcomes.

Report No.2: Integrated Naval Deterrence In The Arctic Region—Strategic Options For Enhancing Regional Naval Cooperation, Rachael Gosnell, Lars Saunes

Newport Arctic Scholars Initiative

Despite recent advances to strengthen regional deterrence cooperation, questions remain on the evolving role and posture of naval forces in the Arctic region, and what further steps can be taken. At the NASI 2022 seminar in Copenhagen, the Heads of Navy of the Arctic-Seven nations and Arctic stakeholders such as France and the United Kingdom asked the NASI 2023 cohort to provide an independent assessment of naval force posture, the trans-Arctic dimensions of national security policies in the context of a more contested “Blue Arctic” and critical dilemmas that regional senior defense and naval leaders could face at the strategic …

The Formation Of A Dialect: An Examination Of The History, Characteristics, And Evolutions Of Los Angeles Vernacular Spanish, Lianna Perry Fountain

Dissertations and Theses

Los Angeles Vernacular Spanish (L.A.V.S) or Español Vernacular de Los Àngeles is a non-standard regional dialect of Spanish rooted in the history and culture of Los Angeles Country, California. It is a sub-dialect of Chicano Spanish which has mainly existed in the Southwestern U.S for centuries. It relates to other varieties of U.S Spanish that have been influenced by macro-dialects other than Mexican Spanish. Like other forms of U.S Spanish, L.A.V.S has long been considered an imperfect manner of speaking or poorly formed Spanish instead of a dialect due to language contact with English. However, new dialects and languages are …

Report No.1: Conflict Prevention And Security Cooperation In The Arctic Region—Frameworks Of The Future, Walter Berbrick, Lars Saunes

Newport Arctic Scholars Initiative

The Arctic region, defined in this report to include the Arctic Ocean and land masses north of the Arctic Circle (approximately 66 degrees’ north latitude), has certainly seen its share of conflict. Compared to other regions, inhospitable conditions and lack of maritime access has prevented large scale deployment of forces. In this vast space — stretching from Europe to the Pacific Island chains — the foundations of commerce and security are established through sea, air, and rail links. The region relies on secure supply chain connectivity and sustainable development that is implemented in a transparent and equitable way. As fears …

The Art Of War: Global Speech Diktats And The Regulatory Challenges To Address Foreign Political Censorship, Michael K. Park

Florida Entertainment and Sports Law Review

China’s global rise and influence is reflected in its long arm reach into many transnational sectors that shape public opinion, including media, publishing, academia and sports. However, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has become more emboldened to use economic incentives (or punishment) to induce foreign industries to either self-censor or advance the CCP’s political messaging. This work examines proposed and existing U.S. federal regulatory mechanisms that could potentially address extraterritorial censorship and propaganda, with particular attention paid to their application to China. This work begins with a modest review of the CCP’s adoption of “sharp power” pursuant to advancing the …

Social Media Microinterventions: Testing Information Activism As A Media And Information Literacy Tool, Maia Klaassen, Maria Murumaa-Mengel, Marju Himma

Journal of Media Literacy Education

Several studies have shown the effect of information activism and microinterventions, such as I Am Here International, the Elves and #NAFO to combat information disorder and hate online. Nevertheless, microinterventions have yet to be conceptualised in promoting media and information literacy (MIL) and informational resilience. This study positions microinterventions as information activism tools and empirically tests microinterventions in the context of higher education. Using an action research approach at a university MIL training course, we aim to understand what types of information activism are used and how the collective interventions affected the participants' MIL-s. We construct a typology of information …

Exploitation Of Child Domestic Workers In Ngenger Culture Of Javanese Society In Indonesia, Tri Joko Sri Haryono, Sri Endah Kinasih, Siti Mas’Udah

Journal of International Women's Studies

This study explains a Javanese cultural practice called ngenger—when girls volunteer to be domestic servants in exchange for educational benefits—as a form of exploitation of labor. The purpose of this study is to understand this Javanese tradition from the perspective of Gender Anthropology. This research is a descriptive study using a qualitative method. The location of the study was in Surabaya and the city of Malang, East Java, and was conducted by collecting data in the form of observations and in-depth interviews. The informants for this study were girls who are domestic workers, parents of the child domestic workers, and …

Sinead O’Connor: Authentic Punk Meets Mainstream Pop, Devin Gillen, Jessie Zepeda

History in the Making

No abstract provided.

A Question Of Womanhood, Ayden Kelly

History in the Making

Ideologies surrounding gender and sexuality have shifted drastically within the past several decades as cultural perspectives broaden to be more inclusive of individuals belonging to communities, all with unique lived experiences. Recent discourses around womanhood and who is considered as “woman enough” have caused intercommunal tensions between White women, women of color, and LGBT+ women. This essay will explore how the rhetoric around who is and who is not a ‘real’ woman has remained the same but not which groups it has targeted, as well as examine the history of the conditional nature of womanhood from the mid-nineteenth to mid-twentieth …

Analogous Response Redux: Vladimir Putin’S Aspirations For Altering The Maritime Balance, Jerome J. Burke

Newport Papers

Analogous Response was a term of analytical shorthand that American strategists and intelligence analysts developed in late 1983 and early 1984. The term characterized in two words a Soviet maritime strategy of deploying off the U.S. coast submarines armed with nuclear SLCMs. By making that deployment, the Soviet leadership could establish an endo-atmospheric nuclear threat to the continental United States (CONUS) that Marshal Nikolay V. Ogarkov, chief of the General Staff of the USSR, described as follows: “The Soviet systems to be deployed in the oceans and seas and relevant to the territory of the United States itself will be …

Nurse Retention Amid Workplace Adversity: Examining Strategies And Outcomes, Horace Smith

Student Scholarly Projects

Practice Problem: This project aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nurse retention strategies in enhancing job satisfaction, focusing primarily on Emergency Department (ED) Registered Nurses (RNs). A comprehensive approach was adopted within the ED of a veteran hospital in the Southeast, aimed at promoting staff retention.

PICOT: The PICOT question guiding this project is as follows: In a veteran hospital's Emergency Room (ER) located in the southeast (P), how does the implementation of nurse retention strategies (I) compared to current standards (C) increase their job satisfaction (O) over a period of ten weeks (T)?

Evidence: This project …

Cmsi Note #6: Sharpening The Sword: Chinese Navy Aircraft Carrier Battle Group Defense Zones, Daniel Clayton Rice

CMSI Notes

Perspectives and Key Takeaways:

• Chinese state media’s Channel 7 recently released a series of videos that described China’s aircraft carriers and the carrier battle groups, including their history, composition, and operational theory.
• The videos describe the carrier battle group (CVBG) “Outer Defense Zone” (外防区), also called the “Depth Defense Zone” (纵深防区), as 185 km to 400 km away from the aircraft carrier.
• The “Middle Defense Zone” (中防区), or the “Area Defense Zone” (区域防区) is described as 45 km to 185 km away from the aircraft carrier.
• The video details the “Inner Defense Zone” (内防区), otherwise called the “Point Defense Zone” …

Achieving U.S. Preeminence In The Space Domain, Mohammad Durrani

National Security Affairs and International Relations Theses

As an expansion of the geopolitical theatre, the space domain has become fully integrated into the modern world, providing essential services such as communications, navigation, intelligence, and security for both civil and military purposes. With this integration, the fragility of the space domain becomes visibly apparent. Advancements made by U.S. adversaries, specifically China and Russia, in both satellite and counterspace weapons technologies, present a unique challenge that threatens to undermine U.S. dominance in the space domain. These threats may place the United States under severe constraints if conflict were to arise, potentially compromising critical nodes that are central to its …

A Phenomenological Study Of Church Revitalization In Coastal North Carolina, Paolo Engle Santos

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Pastors and ministry leaders share the important responsibilities of church growth and revitalization. This research focused on overcoming decline and moving towards a season of strength and multiplication. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore church growth and revitalization within Southern Baptist churches in coastal North Carolina. The theory guiding this study was Rainer's (2020) central thesis about revived churches, which suggests that churches must adapt to cultural shifts and actively engage with the changing world. The study sought to gain insights into the perspectives and mindsets of full-time pastors and ministry leaders regarding numerical expansion, spiritual awakening, …

Characterizing Range-Dependent Variations Of The Evaporation Duct: A Meteorological Perspective, Daniel P. Greenway, Alexis E. Vaughan, Andrew J. Kammerer, Erin E. Hackett

Marine Science

Evaporation ducts (EDs) are an observed electromagnetic phenomenon caused by rapid decreases of humidity with altitude. Sensing technologies that operate at X-band frequencies (8–12 GHz) exhibit the extension of radar signals beyond the radar horizon and holes in coverage at high altitudes during evaporative ducting conditions. In addition, the evolution of the ED over range has been reported to cause further adverse effects on these technologies in some circumstances. However, in terms of the predictability of these effects, more research is still needed. This research explores ED variations over range and characterizes them based-on two numerical datasets from different latitudes, …

A Position Of Strength: The Reagan Military Buildup And The Conventional Forces, Kevin D. Smith

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Ronald Reagan's military program, commonly known as the buildup, was one of the most high-profile and enduring aspects of his presidency. Often characterized as “the largest peacetime buildup in U.S. history,” the program remains ill-defined in the extant historiography except concerning the strategic nuclear forces and total cost. This study provides a more in-depth examination of the greater fiscal beneficiary, the non-nuclear conventional forces. Fundamental questions are addressed on the rationale, necessity and destination of expenditures in the primary budget areas of Procurement, Research, Personnel, and Operations. Funding is analyzed in terms of linkage to the administration and the armed …

Lithium And Water: Hydrosocial Impacts Across The Life Cycle Of Energy Storage, James J. A. Blair, Noel Vineyard, Dustin Mulvaney, Alida Cantor, Ali Sharbat, Kate Berry, Elizabeth Bartholomew, Ariana Firebaugh Ornelas

Geography Faculty Publications and Presentations

As a key ingredient of batteries for electric vehicles (EVs), lithium plays a significant role in climate change mitigation, but lithium has considerable impacts on water and society across its life cycle. Upstream extraction methods—including open-pit mining, brine evaporation, and novel direct lithium extraction (DLE)—and downstream processes present different impacts on both the quantity and quality of water resources, leading to water depletion and contamination. Regarding upstream extraction, it is critical for a comprehensive assessment of lithium's life cycle to include cumulative impacts related not only to freshwater, but also mineralized or saline groundwater, also known as brine. Legal frameworks …