Digital Commons Network^™

Characteristics Of Proliferating Cryptocurrencies: A Comparative Study Between Stable And Non-Stable Cryptocurrencies, Cheuk Hang Au, Gerrard Li, Wen Shou Hsu, Po Hsu Shieh, Kris M.Y. Law

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The emergence of cryptocurrencies has caught the attention worldwide. Some parties have considered issuing cryptocurrencies an excellent opportunity to raise capital and other businesses. However, the factors that foster the proliferation of cryptocurrency are not fully explored. This paper documented a comparative case study of USDT (a successful stablecoin) and EOS (a successful non-stable cryptocurrency). Based on our findings and previous literature, we suggested a Technology-Institution-Market (TIM) framework for cryptocurrency proliferation. We also elaborated on previous FinTech product development and adoption theories and provided some practical implications for cryptocurrency investors, issuers and regulators.

Decision-Making In Balancing Fire Safety Hazards Against Security Threats Within The Built Environment, Richard Kathage, David J. Brooks, Michael Coole

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The built environment faces challenges from fire hazards and threats by malicious actors. Risks presented from these hazards and threats are managed through the practices of fire safety and physical security. Whilst distinct disciplines, both impact the built environment systems, resulting in potential conflict. To manage this conflict, a complex process is required. Through the framework of Governmentality, using a mixed methods approach, the study explored the process which fire safety engineers and security practitioners undertake to manage this conflict. The study produced a conceptual model that explains how practitioners operate and manage risk associated with fire safety hazards and …

Radiation Damage Simulation Using Molecular Dynamics In Ni-Based Alloy, Yanxin Shen, Yue Yang, Xuelian Ou, Peng Wang, Zhenjiang You, Xiaofeng Tian

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

In the present study, we investigated the irradiation-induced induction in Ni80Cr20, Ni80Fe20, Ni50Fe50, Ni40Fe40Cr20 by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. A previously published modified potential is used to provide a detailed account of the process involved in the production and evolution of defects. Ni50Fe50 and Ni40Fe40Cr20 alloys exhibit comparable damage level and better radiation response compared to Ni80Cr20 and Ni80Fe20. The inhibition effect of interstitial clusters increases with the complexity of alloying elements. The alloying of Cr has resulted in Ni80Fe20 and Ni50Fe50 tend to form 1/3<111> dislocation loops while at the same time making Ni40Fe40Cr20 and Ni80Cr20 more susceptible to …

Achieving Covert Communication With A Probabilistic Jamming Strategy, Xun Chen, Fujun Gao, Min Qiu, Jia Zhang, Feng Shu, Shihao Yan

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

In this work, we consider a covert communication scenario, where a transmitter Alice communicates to a receiver Bob with the aid of a probabilistic and uninformed jammer against an adversary warden's detection. The transmission status and power of the jammer are random and follow some priori probabilities. We first analyze the warden's detection performance as a function of the jammer's transmission probability, transmit power distribution, and Alice's transmit power. We then maximize the covert throughput from Alice to Bob subject to a covertness constraint, by designing the covert communication strategies from three different perspectives: Alice's perspective, the jammer's perspective, and …

Twin Scholarships Of Glycomedicine And Precision Medicine In Times Of Single-Cell Multiomics, Seungyoul Oh, Weijie Cao, Manshu Song

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Systems biology and multiomics research expand the prospects of planetary health innovations. In this context, this mini-review unpacks the twin scholarships of glycomedicine and precision medicine in the current era of single-cell multiomics. A significant growth in glycan research has been observed over the past decade, unveiling and establishing co- and post-translational modifications as dynamic indicators of both pathological and physiological conditions. Systems biology technologies have enabled large-scale and high-throughput glycoprofiling and access to data-intensive biological repositories for global research. These advancements have established glycans as a pivotal third code of life, alongside nucleic acids and amino acids. However, challenges …

Secrecy Rate Maximization For Active Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Assisted Mimo Systems, Bin Gao, Jingru Zhao, Shihao Yan, Shaozhang Xiao

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a promising technology for future 6G communications and has been used to enhance secrecy performance. However, the performance improvement is restricted by the 'double fading' effect of the reflection channel link. To address this issue, we introduce an active RIS design, where the reflecting elements of RIS not only adjust the phase shift but also amplify the reflected signal through the amplifier integrated into its elements. To obtain a satisfactory solution to the non-convex problem resulting from this design, the penalty dual decomposition based alternating gradient projection (PDDAPG) method is proposed. We compare the proposed …

Gradient Microstructures And Mechanical Properties Of Ti–6al–4v Alloy Induced By Laser Surface Quenching, Enqing Wang, Jinpeng Tuo, Fengqi Hou, Dongjie Li, Yuanhang Li, Lvhao Zheng, Kai Zhang, Longlong Dong, Yi Yang, Hao Wang, Aijun Huang, Lai Chang Zhang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Laser surface quenching (LSQ) was employed to fabricate gradient microstructures in a Ti–6Al–4V alloy. The influence of the LSQ parameters on the surface morphology, the depth of the LSQ layer, gradient microstructure, and microhardness were investigated. The results showed that as the laser energy density increases, the surface roughness and thickness of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) increase. From the internal matrix to the surface, the microstructure in the HAZ changes from the equiaxed structure to the mixt structure, martensitic structure, Widmanstätten structure, and then the oxide layer. The size of the β grains gradually decreases as the distance from the …

Luminescent Solar Concentrators For Greenhouse Applications Based On Highly Luminescent Carbon Quantum Dots, Kambiz Hosseinpanahi, Mohammad Hossein Abbaspour-Fard, Mahmoud Reza Golzarian, Elaheh K. Goharshadi, Alberto Vomiero

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are promising luminophores for luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) in transparent photovoltaic greenhouse covers due to their high ultraviolet (UV)-light absorption coefficient, which is vital for plant growth. Herein, high quantum yield (75%) and large Stokes shift (0.706 eV) CQDs are synthesized by a simple, fast, cheap, and mass scalable method. A comprehensive study on the LSC engineering is carried out. Thin layers of CQDs with different concentrations of 1, 3, and 5 wt% and different number of layers (1–5) are coated on glass and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) waveguides, sized 5 × 5 × 0.6 and 15 …

The Stability Of The Deadlift Three Repetition Maximum, Stuart N. Guppy, Tsuyoshi Nagatani, Wayne C. K. Poon, Kristina L. Kendall, Jason P. Lake, G. Gregory Haff

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This study investigated the stability of three repetition maximum (3RM) strength during the deadlift. Eleven participants performed four testing sessions comprising a one repetition maximum test and 3RM tests separated by 48 h. Preparedness was assessed before each testing session using countermovement jumps and by measuring barbell velocity during each set of deadlifts. Trivial statistically significant differences were determined for the 3RM between T1 and both T2 (p = 0.012; ES [95% CI] = −0.1 [−0.58, 0.41]) and T3 (p = 0.027; ES [95% CI] = −0.09 [−0.57, −0.43]). No significant differences were noted between T2 and T3 …

Ecu-Mss-2 Dataset, A New Multi-Species Seagrass, Md K. Noman, Syed M. S. Islam, Seyed M. Jalali, Jumana Abu-Khalaf, Paul Lavery

Research Datasets

The "ECU-MSS-2' dataset contains four different habitats, 'Amphibolis' spp (hereafter 'Amphibolis"), 'Halophila' spp (hereafter 'Halophila'), 'Posidonia' spp (hereafter 'Posidonia') and 'Background'. We compiled this image dataset from different sources. The 'Halophila' images were collected by the Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia.

The 'Amphibolis' 'Background' and 'Posidonia' images were collected by the Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions (DBCA), Australia. The 'Amphibolis' class includes the seagrass species Amphibolis griffithii and Amphibolis Antarctica. The 'Halophila' class includes Halophila ovalis, while the 'Posidonia' class includes Posidonia sinuosa, Posidonia coriacea, and Posidonia Australis. The 'Background' class includes coral, sand, …

Economic Material For Large-Scale H2 Storage And H2-Co2 Separation, Hussein R. Abid, Alireza Keshavarz, Header Jaffer, Basim K. Nile, Stefan Iglauer

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Hydrogen is a clean fuel that can potentially completely decarbonize the energy supply chain and mitigate global warming. Hydrogen – a highly volatile gas – however, needs to be separated from CO2 during H2 production, and also from cushion gas in H2 geo-storage projects; in addition, large-scale H2 storage is a key obstacle. We thus tested and chemically upgraded common sub-bituminous coal as a material for H2-CO2 separation and H2 storage. The coal adsorbed significant amounts of H2 and CO2 and demonstrated an excellent H2-CO2 separation efficiency if chemically modified. The work presented here thus provides fundamental data required for …

Energy Storage In Carbonate And Basalt Reservoirs: Investigating Secondary Imbibition In H2 And Co2 Systems, Mirhasan Hosseini, Muhammad Ali, Jalal Fahimpour, Alireza Keshavarz, Sefan Iglauer

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Gas injection into geological storage sites displaces existing water in rock pore spaces, triggering lateral secondary imbibition. This phenomenon involves the migration of water from areas with higher water saturation to replenish the displaced water. The lateral distance over which this imbibition occurs is critical for understanding injection/withdrawal flow rates and trapped-gas saturation during hydrogen and carbon dioxide geological storage. This study investigates secondary imbibition dynamics in hydrogen and carbon dioxide systems for calcite (representing carbonates) and basalt, considering pressure and temperature effects. Utilizing the modified Lucas-Washburn equation, the results reveal that lateral distance and secondary imbibition rates of water …

Advancing Natural Hydrogen Exploration: Headspace Gas Analysis In Water-Logged Environments, Krista Davies, Lionel Esteban, Alireza Keshavarz, Stefan Iglauer

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Natural hydrogen has gained prominence as a potential contributor to the low-carbon energy landscape; however, exploration techniques are still evolving. Current methods primarily rely on dry soil gas studies or gas vent measurements. Because gas vents are scarce and groundwater inhibits hydrogen gas flux from the soil, other field detection techniques are necessary. This research paper presents a novel approach for advancing natural hydrogen exploration through the analysis of headspace gas of agitated groundwater extracted from dedicated shallow boreholes to better estimate the hydrogen gas flux and its variations with time. Several shallow boreholes were drilled in Western Australia on …

Enhancing Water Safety: Exploring Recent Technological Approaches For Drowning Detection, Salman Jalalifar, Andrew Belford, Eila Erfani, Amir Razmjou, Rouzbeh Abbassi, Masoud Mohseni-Dargah, Mohsen Asadnia

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Drowning poses a significant threat, resulting in unexpected injuries and fatalities. To promote water sports activities, it is crucial to develop surveillance systems that enhance safety around pools and waterways. This paper presents an overview of recent advancements in drowning detection, with a specific focus on image processing and sensor-based methods. Furthermore, the potential of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning algorithms (MLAs), and robotics technology in this field is explored. The review examines the technological challenges, benefits, and drawbacks associated with these approaches. The findings reveal that image processing and sensor-based technologies are the most effective approaches for drowning detection …

How Does Mine Tailings Slurry Solids Concentration Affect Stability Of Dam Embankment Slope?, Francis Otieno, Sanjay K. Shukla

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

In view of many past failures of tailings storage facilities, practising engineers have been analysing current design guidelines for different elements of these facilities, including for tailings dams. In this paper, an attempt is made to investigate how varying tailings slurry solids concentration ((Formula presented.)) affects the stability of tailings dam embankment slope. To achieve this, elaborate two-dimensional limit equilibrium and finite element simulations were conducted and a steady-state seepage analysis was performed so as to obtain accurate free surface water flux through the slope. Initially, numerical analyses were performed for the downstream embankment slope when no material is retained …

Investigation Of Campylobacter Concisus Gastric Epithelial Pathogenicity Using Ags Cells, Christopher Y. M. Luk, Seul A. Lee, Nicholas Naidovski, Fang Liu, Alfred C. Y. Tay, Liang Wang, Stephen Riordan, Li Zhang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Campylobacter concisus is an oral bacterium. Recent studies suggest that C. concisus may be involved in human gastric diseases. The mechanisms, however, by which C. concisus causes human gastric diseases have not been investigated. Here we examined the gastric epithelial pathogenicity of C. concisus using a cell culture model. Six C. concisus strains and the human gastric epithelial cell line AGS cells were used. IL-8 produced by AGS cells after incubation with C. concisus was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and AGS cell apoptosis was determined by caspase 3/7 activities. The effects of C. concisus on actin arrangement in …

Simulating Compatible Solute Biosynthesis Using A Metabolic Flux Model Of The Biomining Acidophile, Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans Atcc 23270, Himel N. Khaleque, Hadi Nazem-Bokaee, Yosephine Gumulya, Ross P. Carlson, Anna H. Kaksonen

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Halotolerant, acidophilic, bioleaching microorganisms are crucial to biomining operations that utilize saline water. Compatible solutes play an important role in the adaptation of these microorganisms to saline environments. Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270, an iron- and sulfur-oxidizing acidophilic bacterium, synthesizes trehalose as its native compatible solute but is still sensitive to salinity. Recently, halotolerant bioleaching bacteria were found to use ectoine as their key compatible solute. Previously, bioleaching bacteria were recalcitrant to genetic manipulation; however, recent advancements in genetic tools and techniques allow successful genetic modification of A. ferrooxidans ATCC 23270. Therefore, this study aimed to test, in silico, the effect …

Exercise Professional Education, Qualifications, And Certifications: A Content Analysis Of Job Postings In The United States, Rachele Pojednic, Devin P. O’Neill, Molly G. Flanagan, Alexis Bartlett, Byron L. G. Carter, Mary A. Kennedy

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: Growth in the field of clinical exercise science and the potential impacts on overall health and wellbeing have driven the need for qualified, clinically trained, exercise professionals. And yet, it is not well understood what specific credentials employers are seeking when hiring exercise professionals. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the qualification requirements for professionals seeking employment in exercise science, exercise physiology, kinesiology or equivalent fields. Methods: Search platforms Indeed.com and USAJobs.gov were examined within a two week period in 2022. Search terms included “Exercise Physiology”, “Exercise Science”, “Exercise Professional”, “Exercise Prescription”, “Exercise Specialist”, and “Kinesiology”. …

Fluid Biomarkers In Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, Seyed M. Savar, Bin Ma, Eugene Hone, Farzana Jahan, Shaun Markovic, Steve Pedrini, Soudabeh Shemehsavar, Vandhana Easwaran, Kevin Taddei, Samantha Gardener, Jasmeer P. Chhatwal, Ellis S. Van Etten, Matthias J. P. Van Osch, Daniel Clarke, Anastazija Gnjec, Mark A. Van Buchem, Marieke J. H. Wermer, Graeme J. Hankey, Steven M. Greenberg, Ralph N. Martins, Hamid R. Sohrabi

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a type of cerebrovascular disorder characterised by the accumulation of amyloid within the leptomeninges and small/medium-sized cerebral blood vessels. Typically, cerebral haemorrhages are one of the first clinical manifestations of CAA, posing a considerable challenge to the timely diagnosis of CAA as the bleedings only occur during the later disease stages. Fluid biomarkers may change prior to imaging biomarkers, and therefore, they could be the future of CAA diagnosis. Additionally, they can be used as primary outcome markers in prospective clinical trials. Among fluid biomarkers, blood-based biomarkers offer a distinct advantage over cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers …

Opportunities And Challenges Posed By Disruptive And Converging Information Technologies For Australia's Future Defence Capabilities: A Horizon Scan, Pi-Shen Seet, Anton Klarin, Janice Jones, Mike Johnstone, Helen Cripps, Jalleh Sharafizad, Violetta Wilk, David Suter, Tony Marceddo

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: The research project's objective was to conduct a comprehensive horizon scan of Network Centric Warfare (NCW) technologies-specifically, Cyber, IoT/IoBT, AI, and Autonomous Systems. Recognised as pivotal force multipliers, these technologies are critical to reshaping the mission, design, structure, and operations of the Australian Defence Force (ADF), aligning with the Department of Defence (Defence)’s offset strategies and ensuring technological advantage, especially in the Indo-Pacific's competitive landscape.

Research process: Employing a two-pronged research approach, the study first leveraged scientometric analysis, utilising informetric mapping software (VOSviewer) to evaluate emerging trends and their implications on defence capabilities. This approach facilitated a broader understanding …

A Charging Strategy For Large Commercial Electric Vehicle Fleets, Bassam Al-Hanahi, Iftekhar Ahmad, Daryoush Habibi, Pravakar Pradhan, Mohammad A. S. Masoum

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The popularity of Commercial Electric Vehicles (CEVs) has experienced a surge in recent years, particularly in urban vocational contexts, as a means of advancing towards the goal of attaining net-zero emissions by 2050. The return-to-base charging strategy, which involves charging CEVs at depots, has become a prevalent practice for smaller CEV fleets. Nevertheless, for larger CEV fleets, the limited charging capacity at depots presents a significant challenge, leading to a reliance on both limited depot charging infrastructure and public charging infrastructure. This reliance can have a substantial impact on both the operational costs and the sustainability of logistics services. To …

A Systematic Review Of K-12 Cybersecurity Education Around The World, Ahmed Ibrahim, Marnie Mckee, Leslie F. Sikos, Nicola F. Johnson

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This paper presents a systematic review of K-12 cybersecurity education literature from around the world. 24 academic papers dated from 2013-2023 were eligible for inclusion in the literature established within the research protocol. An additional 19 gray literature sources comprised the total. A range of recurring common topics deemed as aspects of cybersecurity behavior or practice were identified. A variety of cybersecurity competencies and skills are needed for K-12 students to apply their knowledge. As may be expected to be the case with interdisciplinary fields, studies are inherently unclear in the use of their terminology, and this is compounded in …

Enhancing Energy Efficiency With A Dynamic Trust Measurement Scheme In Power Distribution Network, Yilei Wang, Xin Sun, Guiping Zheng, Ahmar Rashid, Sami Ullah, Hisham Alasmary, Muhammad Waqas

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The application of Intelligent Internet of Things (IIoT) in constructing distribution station areas strongly supports platform transformation, upgrade, and intelligent integration. The sensing layer of IIoT comprises the edge convergence layer and the end sensing layer, with the former using intelligent fusion terminals for real-time data collection and processing. However, the influx of multiple low-voltage in the smart grid raises higher demands for the performance, energy efficiency, and response speed of the substation fusion terminals. Simultaneously, it brings significant security risks to the entire distribution substation, posing a major challenge to the smart grid. In response to these challenges, a …

The Impact Of Domain Name Server (Dns) Over Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (Https) On Cyber Security: Limitations, Challenges, And Detection Techniques, Muhammad Dawood, Shanshan Tu, Chuangbai Xiao, Muhammad Haris, Hisham Alasmary, Muhammad Waqas, Sadaqat Ur Rehman

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The DNS over HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) (DoH) is a new technology that encrypts DNS traffic, enhancing the privacy and security of end-users. However, the adoption of DoH is still facing several research challenges, such as ensuring security, compatibility, standardization, performance, privacy, and increasing user awareness. DoH significantly impacts network security, including better end-user privacy and security, challenges for network security professionals, increasing usage of encrypted malware communication, and difficulty adapting DNS-based security measures. Therefore, it is important to understand the impact of DoH on network security and develop new privacy-preserving techniques to allow the analysis of DoH traffic …

Human-Empathy Accessibility Learning (Heal) Intervention Model Towards Critical Soft Skills Development For Career Readiness Among Computing Undergraduate Students, Jami Cotler, Eszter Kiss, Dmitry Burshteyn, Eben Afrifa-Yamoah

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This pilot mixed methods study explores the impact of Human-Empathy Accessibility Learning (HEAL) interventions on soft skills development in undergraduate computing students, emphasizing their role in job readiness and perceived employability. HEAL interventions aimed to enhance accessibility awareness, focusing on motivation, empathy, and emotional intelligence. Participants were assigned to control and experiment groups, with qualitative findings showing empathetic growth in the experiment group. Quantitative results partially supported qualitative findings, indicating statistically significant changes across measures. Despite quantitative limitations, short-term empathy interventions showed potential benefits for job readiness. The study discusses implications of mixed findings and recommends future research directions.

Effective Land Use Classification Through Hybrid Transformer Using Remote Sensing Imagery, Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman, Syed Mohammed Shamsul Islam, Anwaar Ulhaq, David Blake, Naeem Janjua

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Recent advances in deep learning for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification have shown exceptional performance in resource management and environmental planning through land use classification. Despite these successes, challenges continue to persist in land use classification due to the complex topology of natural and man-made structures. The uneven distribution of land cover introduces spectral-spatial variability, causing inter- and intra-class similarity. To address this issue, this study adopts a hybrid approach that combines convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and a transformer model. The technique comprises three key components: a spectral-spatial convolutional module (SSCM), a spatial attention module (SAM), and a transformer module. Each …

Characterizing The Extent And Nature Of Digital Food And Beverage Marketing In Singapore – A Descriptive Study, Xin Hui Chua, Clare Whitton, Stefanie Vandevijvere, Bridget Kelly, Rob M. Van Dam, Salome A. Rebello

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objective: To characterize the nature of digital food and beverage advertising in Singapore Setting: Food and beverage advertisements within 20 clicks on top 12 non-food websites and all posts on Facebook and Instagram pages of 15 major food companies in Singapore were sampled from January 1 to June 30, 2018. Design: Advertised foods were classified as being core (healthier), non-core or mixed-dishes (example burger) using the WHO nutrient profile model and national guidelines. Marketing techniques were assessed using published coding frameworks. Participants: NA Results: Advertisements (n=117) on the 12 non-food websites were largely presented as editorial content. Food companies posted …