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2024

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Democratic Poetics: A Comparative Study Of The Us And Iran, Behnam Fomeshi Dec 2024

Democratic Poetics: A Comparative Study Of The Us And Iran, Behnam Fomeshi

Kritika Kultura

Walt Whitman (1819–1892), the father of American free verse, and Nima Yushij (1897–1960), the father of Persian New Poetry, each played a central role in his respective poetic tradition. Whitman’s free verse and Yushij’s New Poetry are the results of translating the discourse of democracy to a literary discourse. In this way, there are multiple points of comparison between these poets’ corresponding approaches to poetic theory, practice, and context. The purpose of the present study is to unravel the relationship between sociopolitical situations in Whitman’s and Yushij’s societies and examine the resulting literary changes. Analysis of the points of similarity …

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The Postcolonial Condition In Kiran Desai's The Inheritance Of Loss: Predicament Of Migrants And Resistance Of Minorities, Sheikh Mehedi Hasan Dec 2024

The Postcolonial Condition In Kiran Desai's The Inheritance Of Loss: Predicament Of Migrants And Resistance Of Minorities, Sheikh Mehedi Hasan

Kritika Kultura

Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss (2006) juxtaposes two worlds—Kalimpong in India and New York in the US—and explores themes such as migration, alienation, globalization, multiculturalism, and, of course, neocolonialism. However, this article mainly focuses on how the novel encapsulates the predicament of the postcolonial condition, conceptualizing the postcolonial condition as a global condition of power relations continuing from the advent of colonial capitalism. In doing so, the article, with reference to Michel Foucault’s analysis of power, violence, and resistance, examines the fragmented stories of individuals as reflected in the novel to demonstrate that the plight of the postcolonial condition …

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A Study On Reconstruction Of Movement And Space In Basho's Haiku: Movement And Space On Horse, Hyunyoung Lee, Jooyoung Kim Dec 2024

A Study On Reconstruction Of Movement And Space In Basho's Haiku: Movement And Space On Horse, Hyunyoung Lee, Jooyoung Kim

Kritika Kultura

To write a poem is to unlock an immaterial space to invite and inhabit varied events and people from the material space. Japanese haiku is a fixed-verse poetry with a 5-7-5 string of sound units. Interestingly, Matsuo Bashō (松尾芭蕉: 1644-1694), the best-known Japanese haiku poet, succeeds in unfolding a diversity of spatialities through this 17-syllable genre. How could Bashō use only 17 syllables to open complicated spatialities in his haiku? To do this, Bashō implants a series of mobile variables into his haiku. Horse, as a figure constantly interacting with Bashō in the journey, stands out from other living beings, …

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Construction And Comprehension Of Fictional Dystopia: A Cognitive Study Of Anna Burns's Milkman, Roghayeh Farsi, Abbas Ali Hallaji Dec 2024

Construction And Comprehension Of Fictional Dystopia: A Cognitive Study Of Anna Burns's Milkman, Roghayeh Farsi, Abbas Ali Hallaji

Kritika Kultura

This paper investigates how fictional dystopia is constructed and comprehended, relying upon the cognitive operations of categorization and positioning. It argues that characters develop out of tensions between self-aligned categories and others-aligned ones. The argument is carried out through a detailed analysis of Burns’s fictional dystopia, Milkman (2018). It divides the novel along three story levels, each level examining how the narrator, as the presenting self, positions her presented self with respect to other characters, to herself, and to readers. The study also looks for the narrator’s cognitive urges for portraying herself along the imposed categories and inflicted positions. It …

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Consumed By Affects: Kwentong Jollibee [Jollibee Stories], Happy Objects, And The Formation Of Intimate Publics, Jeremy De Chavez Dec 2024

Consumed By Affects: Kwentong Jollibee [Jollibee Stories], Happy Objects, And The Formation Of Intimate Publics, Jeremy De Chavez

Kritika Kultura

In 2016, the Jollibee Food Corporation, a Philippine multinational company that owns the world’s largest Asia-based fast-food chain Jollibee, launched Kwentong Jollibee [Jollibee Stories], a highly successful digital marketing campaign. Kwentong Jollibee advertisements have a reputation for being able to express the shared sentiments of a diverse collective. Typically simple and highly sentimental narratives, those advertisements promote good intentions and feelings as reliable and facile antidotes to everyday problems, cultivating a commodity culture that encourages an irrational trust in the powers of positive affects. In this paper, I examine the role of positive feelings and affects in synchronizing private and …

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Editor's Introduction, Vincenz Serrano Dec 2024

Editor's Introduction, Vincenz Serrano

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

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Filipino/English Play-Drive, E. San Juan Jr. Dec 2024

Filipino/English Play-Drive, E. San Juan Jr.

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

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Ethical Traditions In British Dram: A Case Study Of Oscar Wilde And George Bernard Shaw, Maosheng Liu Dec 2024

Ethical Traditions In British Dram: A Case Study Of Oscar Wilde And George Bernard Shaw, Maosheng Liu

Kritika Kultura

Victorian literature, both its creation and criticism, mainly focused on the significance of morality and religion, and viewed literature as beneficial to the heart of mankind. Oscar Wilde, widely considered as an aesthete, is one such literary figure of the Victorian era who espouses the doctrine of “art for art’s sake.” His artistic style incorporates rich ethical connotations, and the interplay between aesthetics and ethics presents characteristics of both conflict and integration in his works. On the other hand, the problem plays of Henrik Ibsen, the so-called father of modern drama, exerted a profound influence on George Bernard Shaw, the …

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Brain Text, Brain-To-Text, And The Mind Style Of Literature, Songlin Wang Dec 2024

Brain Text, Brain-To-Text, And The Mind Style Of Literature, Songlin Wang

Kritika Kultura

Zhenzhao Nie’s ethical literary criticism, specifically his theory of brain text and ethical selection, envisions an innovative and energetic understanding of the psychological and ethical processing of literature in the brain. This is evidenced by a survey of the ontological controversy between dualism and monism and a review of contemporary research in neuroscience, together with an investigation of the concept of brain text. Based on a comparative study of the neurolinguistic and neuroethical approaches and Nie’s theory of brain text, the paper endorses Nie in his proposal of the brain text as the source of literature and his advocating of …

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Problematizing The Validity Of Neurethics And Moral Treatment: Brain Text As A New Humanistic Approach To Moral Education, Yanyan Jia, Houliang Chen Dec 2024

Problematizing The Validity Of Neurethics And Moral Treatment: Brain Text As A New Humanistic Approach To Moral Education, Yanyan Jia, Houliang Chen

Kritika Kultura

With the advancements in neuroscience and technology, the neurocognitive approach to the human brain seems to outrun the traditional humanistic approach to moral studies, while its demystification and biological reduction of morality is also questionable, particularly, its implicative suggestion for moral treatment. Contrastingly, ethical literary criticism, especially the brain text theory proposed by Zhenzhao Nie, enlightens us with a new approach to moral education. Essentially different from the clinical moral treatment advocated by neuroethics, ethical literary criticism does not diagnose a particular reader as a “moral patient” in advance, but instead thinks it necessary for all people to get good …

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Ethical Literary Criticism, Brain Text, And Ian Mcewan's Machines Like Me, Biwu Shang, Fong Keng Seng Dec 2024

Ethical Literary Criticism, Brain Text, And Ian Mcewan's Machines Like Me, Biwu Shang, Fong Keng Seng

Kritika Kultura

From the perspective of the conceptual system of ethical literary criticism and specific key concepts such as brain text and electronic text, this paper attempts to examine the conflicts between the mechanical and the human in Ian McEwan’s novel Machines Like Me (2019) in order to explore issues such as natural selection, ethical selection, ethical consciousness, and artificial intelligence. Taking these thematic concerns as reference points, this paper argues that a human being is a product of natural selection and ethical selection, while a machine is a product of scientific selection. In the novel, the conflicts between the three main …

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Ethical Literary Criticism: Oral Literature And The Formation Mechanism Of Brain Text, Zhenzhao Nie Dec 2024

Ethical Literary Criticism: Oral Literature And The Formation Mechanism Of Brain Text, Zhenzhao Nie

Kritika Kultura

In the conceptual system of ethical literary criticism, the existence of all literatures relies on what is called a text; it includes oral literature, a term that largely refers to literature disseminated orally. Before its dissemination, however, the text of oral literature, which can be properly termed as “brain text,” is stored in the human brain. By brain text, what is referred to is the textual form used for storytelling before writing symbols were created and used to record information; it has continued to exist even after the creation of such symbols. Other types of texts exist apart from brain …

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Outsiders On The Inside: Mestizaje And The Economics Of Colonial Desire In Sinibaldo De Mas And Francisco De Paula Entrala, Joyce Tolliver Dec 2024

Outsiders On The Inside: Mestizaje And The Economics Of Colonial Desire In Sinibaldo De Mas And Francisco De Paula Entrala, Joyce Tolliver

Kritika Kultura

Throughout the last twenty-five years of the Spanish colonization of the Philippines, Spaniards published essays and fiction that echoed the view that the colonial project was doomed to failure, clearly expressed in Sinibaldo de Mas’s 1843 Informe secreto (Secret Report). Less attention is paid to nineteenth-century works by peninsulares that mirrored Mas’s alternative plan preparing for Philippine “emancipation” and economically incentivizing mestizaje. Among these were the fiction and essays of the self-described “aplatanado” Francisco de Paula Entrala, which suggested that any failure of mestizaje as a normalizing colonial project was due to the shortcomings of the peninsular Spaniards themselves. In …

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The Bago And The Matandá: Representations Of The Colonizer In Spanish Narratives About The Philippines In The Late Nineteenth Century, Cristina Guillén Arnáiz Dec 2024

The Bago And The Matandá: Representations Of The Colonizer In Spanish Narratives About The Philippines In The Late Nineteenth Century, Cristina Guillén Arnáiz

Kritika Kultura

This article sets out to explore two of the most prominent recurring figures in Spanish literary production about the Philippines at the end of the nineteenth century: the so-called bago, a Spaniard who is “new” to the islands, meaning that they just arrived in the Philippines, and the bago’s counterpart, the matandá, a Spaniard who has spent a considerable amount of time in the colony. The bipartite trope is studied in nine texts by Spanish authors, written between 1876 and 1894. By composing scenes of encounter between these two figures, the authors seek to illuminate an idea of ambivalence present …

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Nostalgia And Self-Fashioning In Retana's Recuerdos De Filipinas (1907-1909), Jorge Mojarro Dec 2024

Nostalgia And Self-Fashioning In Retana's Recuerdos De Filipinas (1907-1909), Jorge Mojarro

Kritika Kultura

Wenceslao Retana’s intellectual passion for the Philippine archipelago led to the foundation of Philippine bibliographical studies as well as the recovery of dozens of little known but highly relevant primary sources of Philippine history. Previous scholars have noted the abrupt sea change in Retana’s portrayal of the Philippines and the Filipino people after 1898. During the period that the archipelago remained a colony of Spain, it was not difficult to find harsh criticism in his texts, but he later made efforts to reconcile with the Spanish-speaking intelligentsia of Manila. In this context, Retana serially published a Recuerdos de Filipinas between …

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"Asylum Of Incurably Lazy And Depraved Men": The Philippines As A Space Of Degenerate Masculinity In The Late Fiction Of Emilia Pardo Bazán, Susana Bardavío Estevan Dec 2024

"Asylum Of Incurably Lazy And Depraved Men": The Philippines As A Space Of Degenerate Masculinity In The Late Fiction Of Emilia Pardo Bazán, Susana Bardavío Estevan

Kritika Kultura

In the last decades of the nineteenth century, the presence of the Philippines in Spanish political discourses and media gradually intensified. This was caused by an increase in migration to the archipelago and by the importance that the colonies acquired in the imperialist discourse, which combined constructions of nation, race, and gender. The Spanish writer Emilia Pardo Bazán paid attention to these Pacific islands in several of her stories and articles about the colonial conflict. The perception of the Philippines as an exotic alterity allowed the author to configure the archipelago as a narrative space that subverted the hegemonic discourse …

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Challenging And Reinventing White Australia's Historical Narrativity And Identitarian Assumptions Apropos Of Aboriginality, Danica Čerče Dec 2024

Challenging And Reinventing White Australia's Historical Narrativity And Identitarian Assumptions Apropos Of Aboriginality, Danica Čerče

Kritika Kultura

Framed by an interest in literature as “a space for exploring the possibilities of change” (Levine 2000), the article deals with the contemporary Australian Indigenous poetry. Until very recently a marginalized voice in Australian literary studies, this poetry has obtained an important role in the articulation of Indigenous peoples’ political thought, successfully contesting the myth of historical objectivity as embedded in a single representation of the past. By focusing on Jeanine Leane’s 2010 collection Dark Secrets: After Dreaming (AD 1887-1961), the article investigates how the poet uses her medium to interpellate the historical construction of a Eurocentric world. More specifically, …

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Playwright As Guerilla Warlord: Robert Serumaga's Art, Activism, Revolt, And A Performance Of Uganda's Political Deficits, Niyi Akingbe Dec 2024

Playwright As Guerilla Warlord: Robert Serumaga's Art, Activism, Revolt, And A Performance Of Uganda's Political Deficits, Niyi Akingbe

Kritika Kultura

This paper outlines the maturation of Robert Serumaga’s art, politics, and activism as he confronted the dilemma of totalitarianism unleashed by Idi Amin’s dictatorship on postcolonial Uganda. The paper establishes a direct link between literature, resistance, and performance of Uganda’s political failure within the context of the playwright’s individualistic disposition to art as his complicated inclination to revolt. Most obviously, the association between art and politics in Serumaga’s lifestyle is embedded in his undeniable prosecution of rebellion through guerilla warfare against Amin in 1979. The striking tenets of reactance and resistance theories are appropriated to contextualize the struggle, resistance, and …

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Mapping The Sea Islands Culture In Paule Marshall's Praisesong For The Widow, Ashma Shamail Dec 2024

Mapping The Sea Islands Culture In Paule Marshall's Praisesong For The Widow, Ashma Shamail

Kritika Kultura

The Sea Islands off the coasts of Georgia and South Carolina function as a vital bridge between African Americans and their African ancestry, retaining a unique African culture that had been forgotten in the mainland communities. The Gullah/Geechee people, the inhabitants of the Sea Islands, are the most distinctive group of African Americans, who maintained a separate creole language and are unique from any other subset of African Americans. Paule Marshall’s vision of the Sea Islands in her 1983 novel Praisesong for the Widow illustrates the mythical landscape as a place for excavating and forging cultural as well as historical …

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Matter Really Matters: A Poetic Material Islemecocritical Reading Of Inanimateness Animism, Inas Samy Abolfotoh Dec 2024

Matter Really Matters: A Poetic Material Islemecocritical Reading Of Inanimateness Animism, Inas Samy Abolfotoh

Kritika Kultura

Inanimateness is a common characteristic of physical matter. Non-living nature is regarded as a lifeless object. Its value in scientific fields stems from being a container of living ecosystems. Poets, however, have a different vision. They perceive a type of mysterious life in what is scientifically labeled inanimate. It is a different type of life, an anonymous one that cannot be empirically proven but is strongly sensed by persistent observers. Material Islamecocriticism, which is a Material Ecocriticism from an Islamic perspective, deciphers this puzzling view of the inert world: the in-between death-life position. This position makes some see it as …

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Animal Welfarism In American Law: Animal Farming, Privilege, And Disempowerment, Luis Cordeiro-Rodrigues Dec 2024

Animal Welfarism In American Law: Animal Farming, Privilege, And Disempowerment, Luis Cordeiro-Rodrigues

Kritika Kultura

The instrumentalization of rights and interests for furthering political and economic ends is a common phenomenon in contemporary societies. Routinely, these are a trojan horse to political goals that involve discrimination of disempowered groups. This phenomenon of instrumentalization is present in many social phenomena; a less explored phenomenon where this has been researched is this instrumentalization with respect to animal protection law. In this article, I explore how American animal law is instrumentalized to privilege the animal farming industry and disadvantage disempowered groups. I explain how American animal law tends to further disempower individuals according to class and perceived ethnicity. …

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"Don't Be Sorry. We Didn't Do This.": Narrating Diaspora And Problematizing Choice In V.V. Ganeshananthan's Love Marriage, Isabel Alonso-Breto Dec 2024

"Don't Be Sorry. We Didn't Do This.": Narrating Diaspora And Problematizing Choice In V.V. Ganeshananthan's Love Marriage, Isabel Alonso-Breto

Kritika Kultura

Second Generation, Politics of Choice, Tamil, Tamil-Canadian, Sri Lankan Conflict

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A Case Study On Picture Book Application For Children As Semiotic Technology In Representing Asian Identities, Dhayapari Perumal, Shanthini Pillai, Melissa Shamini Perry Dec 2024

A Case Study On Picture Book Application For Children As Semiotic Technology In Representing Asian Identities, Dhayapari Perumal, Shanthini Pillai, Melissa Shamini Perry

Kritika Kultura

Digital book applications have emerged as new formats of picture books, with an integration of digitally mediated resources to construct meaning. These picture book apps are written artefacts that contain cultural messages and values about the world that children live in. Dually, as semiotic artefacts, they consist of meaning potentials through the concept of interactivity along with other technologically created multimodal resources. These resources form the semiotic surfaces of picture book apps and thus the picture book app is classified as Semiotic Technology. Picture book apps as semiotic technology are instrumental in changing the way in which current young readers …

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Speaking Across The Lines: 1965, The Family, And Reconciliation In Indonesia, Kar-Yen Leong Dec 2024

Speaking Across The Lines: 1965, The Family, And Reconciliation In Indonesia, Kar-Yen Leong

Kritika Kultura

In the aftermath of the 1965 killings, Suharto’s New Order regime in Indonesia initiated a series of policies and ideological programs that sought to turn the Southeast Asian nation into an “integral state.” The family unit then became institutionalized and idealized as an object providing the state with the necessary discursive language to maintain then-president Suharto’s three-decade long rule. His regime, however, continued to demonize hundreds of thousands of former political detainees, denying their families access to basic rights. Branded as having come from “unclean environments,” the descendants of the Suharto regime’s political detainees continue to face discrimination even after …

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Editor's Introduction, Vincenz Serrano Dec 2024

Editor's Introduction, Vincenz Serrano

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

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Remembering And Re-Membering Home: Asynchronicity As Postcolonial Poetics In 21st Century Southeast Asian Diasporic Narratives, Christine Vicera Dec 2024

Remembering And Re-Membering Home: Asynchronicity As Postcolonial Poetics In 21st Century Southeast Asian Diasporic Narratives, Christine Vicera

Kritika Kultura

In examining the dialectic between the diasporic subject’s homes—both the absent and adopted home—this monograph maps out the ways through which collective memory and postmemory mediate traumatic experiences of dislocation. The literary and cinematic representations of mobility in Hannah Espia’s film Transit (2013), Clement Baloup’s graphic novel Vietnamese Memories and Lian Gouw’s novel Only a Girl reveal a dual-displacement that characterizes the experience of diasporic mobility in the 21st century—a displacement in both space and time. This dual-displacement, which is a result of the inability to reduce the “many temporal worlds” they live in, that is, “the past of the …

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Colonial Mobility And The Biopolitics Of The Colonial Non-Place, Jinhyoung Lee Dec 2024

Colonial Mobility And The Biopolitics Of The Colonial Non-Place, Jinhyoung Lee

Kritika Kultura

By approaching Namcheon Kim’s short story “On the Road” (1939) from the new mobilities paradigm, this paper explores the paradoxical relationship between the colonial government and the postcolonial politics in late colonial Korea. In this short story, the Korean territories in the late 1930s are represented as colonial “non-places,” in which is exercised imperialistic biopower through colonial mobility. The Korean people residing in the non-places are characterized as bare lives on-the-move who only seek to survive, yielding their political rights to the imperialistic biopower. Thereby, this short story demonstrates the reorganization of the colonial territory as a colonial non-place and …

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Contested Javeneseness In Sociocultural Documentaries Of The Post-New Order Indonesia, Gerardus Majella Adhyanggono Dec 2024

Contested Javeneseness In Sociocultural Documentaries Of The Post-New Order Indonesia, Gerardus Majella Adhyanggono

Kritika Kultura

This article fleshes out how two Indonesian sociocultural-themed documentary films of the post-New Order era articulate the counter-imaginaries of Javaneseness. They are Jamu (Javanese Traditional Medicine) and Kulo Ndiko Sami (We are Brothers). The emergence of bringing the issue of Javaneseness to light has its cause on its complex politicization in the New Order regime. Javaneseness was ideologically manipulated as the hegemonic narrative of the state to construct an image of Indonesian society. Javaneseness incorporated by the regime was of a desired aristocratic model in combination with other non-Javanese worldviews. This desired strand of imagining was then politically used to …

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Introduction To The Forum Kritika On Literary Liquidities Part Ii, Maria Luisa F. Torres Reyes Dec 2024

Introduction To The Forum Kritika On Literary Liquidities Part Ii, Maria Luisa F. Torres Reyes

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

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Integration Of Political Facts And Wayang Stories In Modern Indonesian Novels, Anwar Efendi, Burhan Nurgiyantoro Dec 2024

Integration Of Political Facts And Wayang Stories In Modern Indonesian Novels, Anwar Efendi, Burhan Nurgiyantoro

Kritika Kultura

The presence of political events and wayang stories integrated into modern Indonesian novels is an interesting fact. Political events are facts and knowledge, while wayang stories and novels are fiction and imagination. These two things can be brought together coherently in modern Indonesian novels. Political events are used as historical settings, while wayang stories are used as references for character development, plot, and cultural references. This study aims to describe the way the authors reveal political events in Indonesian history by using wayang as a narrative medium. This article focuses on two novels, namely Amba by Laksmi Pamuntjak and Pulang …

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