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Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
The Place Of Literary Criticism In The Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Praxis Of The Philippine National Democratic Movement, Lance Espejo
The Place Of Literary Criticism In The Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Praxis Of The Philippine National Democratic Movement, Lance Espejo
Kritika Kultura
For Marx, “The weapon of criticism cannot, of course, replace criticism of the weapon, material force must be overthrown by material force” (“A Contribution To The Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right”). Marx also says, “theory also becomes a material force as soon as it has gripped the masses.” It is this materialization of critical thought as theory which this paper expounds on. Marx says that this materialization happens in man himself, hence theory—or thought—is embodied. This paper, first, strives to expose the underlying class struggle which helps shape the discourse, which in this case, is literary criticism. Second, it …
Rainbow Guerrillas: Gay And Lesbian Narratives Inside The Revolutionary Movement In Mindanao, Jervy C. Briones
Rainbow Guerrillas: Gay And Lesbian Narratives Inside The Revolutionary Movement In Mindanao, Jervy C. Briones
Kritika Kultura
The LGBT community in the Philippines is tolerated but not accepted, as different forms of discrimination against this sector still exist. The founding of several LGBT organizations in the 1990s marked the emergence of an organized LGBT movement in the country. The same decade also witnessed the recognition of same-sex relationships and marriage by the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), which was an important development for the advancement of LGBT rights within the revolutionary movement. In this paper, I argue that the significant number of LGBT members within the movement necessitated the creation of revolutionary policies that reject gender …
Reclaiming The Indigenous Body: Discourse, Social Media, And The Aesthetic Of Igorot Activism, Jose Kervin Cesar B. Calabias
Reclaiming The Indigenous Body: Discourse, Social Media, And The Aesthetic Of Igorot Activism, Jose Kervin Cesar B. Calabias
Kritika Kultura
This essay analyzes online activist media addressing the red-tagging and trumped-up criminal charges against members of the Cordillera Peoples Alliance in the wake of the Anti-Terror Law in 2020. Engaging with critical scholarship on the archiving, colonial discourse, and representation of the Igorot body, I argue that these online activist media published on the organization’s official Facebook account deploy strategic essentialism by subverting the colonially othered and criminalized marker of the savage-terrorist. The Igorot body is rendered as a quasi-heroic figure of the Igorot warrior who invokes and appropriates traditional bodily customs on warfare and gender relations to embody a …
A Critique On The Practice Of Filial Piety In Confucian Culture, Donghyun Kim
A Critique On The Practice Of Filial Piety In Confucian Culture, Donghyun Kim
Kritika Kultura
The concept of filial piety has initially served as a social ethic in order to sustain the hierarchical family relationships in Confucian culture. Filial piety has also been implemented as an ideological weapon in an attempt to inculcate broader political virtue into the minds of people in Confucian culture. In essence, the everyday practice of filial piety denotes a mode of concrete ethical life, which fundamentally binds participants’ way of thinking to a particular tradition. However, such binding is not the result of a discursive procedure that provides a rational grounding to social and political authority. Given the difficulties with …
Toward A Critique-Al Filipino Studies: Class, Nation, Writer, Jeffrey Arellano Cabusao
Toward A Critique-Al Filipino Studies: Class, Nation, Writer, Jeffrey Arellano Cabusao
Kritika Kultura
The continued appeal of postcolonial theory for Philippine studies/Filipino studies scholars in the twenty-first century begs the following questions: Is the Philippines postcolonial? Does the “post” in postcolonial signify the end of colonialism? What’s at stake in the application of postcolonial theory to the Filipino experience? This paper highlights three Filipino Marxist scholars—Delia D. Aguilar, Edel E. Garcellano, and E. San Juan, Jr.—for their theoretical interventions toward developing an alternative to postcoloniality, which is a strand of a larger body of post-theories in the academy (post-ality). Their alternative constitutes the emergence of a critique-al approach in Filipino studies—an approach that …
Narrative Rupture As History, Or The Search For The "Missing Text" In Miguel Syjuco's Ilustrada And Gina Apostol's The Revolution According To Raymundo Mata, Dinah T. Roma
Kritika Kultura
The search for the “missing text” is the central trope in Miguel Syjuco’s Ilustrado (2008) and Gina Apostol’s The Revolution According to Raymundo Mata (2009). In Ilustrado, the search for The Bridges Ablaze, the missing manuscript of the dead migrant Filipino writer Crispin Salvador propels the novel from beginning to end. In The Revolution According to Raymundo Mata, the tattered loose leaf pages from the diary of the half-blind revolutionary Raymundo Mata become the annotative focus of a psychoanalyst, a translator, and an editor. While the novels have received critical reviews, there have been no studies yet that look into …
How Animals Teach Us To Be Human: Brain Text And Post-Darwinian Animal Fable In Yann Martel's Life Of Pi, Xinyi Cao
Kritika Kultura
Animal fable, a genre that anthropomorphizes animals to convey moral lessons, demonstrates the possibility that animals can be tools to teach us to be ethical human beings. In this article1 I adopt ethical literary criticism, especially its conception of human-animal relations and the term brain text to investigate the role and place of animal fable in Yann Martel’s novel Life of Pi to explore how the post-Darwinian animal might be exploited by fabulists to tackle human reality. In the novel, brain texts of Pi as the storyteller reveal his intention to use stories as ethical interpretations of his experience which …
The Invention Of The Brain: Artificial Intelligence And Libidinal Symptomatology, Alex Taek-Gwang Lee
The Invention Of The Brain: Artificial Intelligence And Libidinal Symptomatology, Alex Taek-Gwang Lee
Kritika Kultura
In this essay, I discuss how the mechanical scan of the brain becomes to be identified with consciousness. For this purpose, I examine Angelo Mosso’s ergograph and its influence on modern psychology. The fundamental problem of his experiment lies in that nobody knows how he measured the blood flow in the brain. Mosso’s method to investigate the brain was unknown, but his description of the neural mechanism spread widely. However, Mosso’s basic assumption has not fundamentally changed, even in today’s neuroscientific context. The technological evolution offers more detailed images of the brain, but it does not necessarily allow us to …
A Morally Oriented Crusoe From The West To The East: Brain Text And The Formation Of A World Literature Canon, Haifeng Hui
A Morally Oriented Crusoe From The West To The East: Brain Text And The Formation Of A World Literature Canon, Haifeng Hui
Kritika Kultura
Robinson Crusoe is a world classic that has well transcended national and historical boundaries. Yet, its popularity with Anglophone and Chinese readers does not imply a similar interpretation of the protagonist and its moral lessons. From the perspective of readers’ reading expectations and interpretations, the brain text of a literary work functions as a negotiating agent in the interplay among the real author, the implied author, the implied reader, and the actual reader in the sense that it both projects prior understanding based on secondhand knowledge about the text and the framework of interpretation in the cognitive dimension during the …
Ethical Literary Criticism And Ariel Sotelo Tabag's Panangsapul Iti Puraw A Kabalio, Mark Louie Tabunan
Ethical Literary Criticism And Ariel Sotelo Tabag's Panangsapul Iti Puraw A Kabalio, Mark Louie Tabunan
Kritika Kultura
Nie Zhenzhao’s ethical literary criticism provides a new take on ethics in literature, emphasizing the historicity of ethics and providing a new toolkit in understanding ethical dilemmas in literary texts. This article deploys ethical literary criticism in reading Panangsapul iti Puraw a Kabalio [Search for the White Horse], a marvelous realist novel by award-winning Ilokano writer Ariel Sotelo Tabag. Focusing on the ethical knots encountered by the four characters of the Tabaco clan, it examines the ethical choices they made against the backdrop of the ethical environments of the Second World War and the Martial Law period. Examining the life …
Brain Text In Graphic Form: Ethical Identity And Ethical Choices In David Small's Stitches, Yun Lan
Brain Text In Graphic Form: Ethical Identity And Ethical Choices In David Small's Stitches, Yun Lan
Kritika Kultura
In the conceptual system of ethical literary criticism, “brain text” mainly accounts for literary production, reception, and circulation in connection with the moral dimension of literature. This paper1 attempts to broaden the application of brain text as well as ethical literary criticism through a detailed analysis of David Small’s graphic memoir Stitches. Comparing the life stories of David and his mother, we may find striking similarities: both fall victim to mental and physical violence inflicted by their family at a young age; however, their lives meet different ends. David eventually sets out on a promising journey towards becoming a writer …
Brain Text Conversion And Cross-Cultural Integration: The Theatrical Adaptation And Performance Of Shakespeare's Comedies In China, Hui Su
Kritika Kultura
By taking the concept of brain text, this paper1 attempts to illustrate that Falling Man by Don DeLillo is an exemplar of how brain text(s) can be processed into literary text(s). Firstly, this paper extends Nie’s concept to include four types of brain texts, namely, those pertaining to characters, readers, society, and writers, then probes into DeLillo’s trauma writing by showing how DeLillo (re)represents different characters’ brain texts in the novel. The silence and loud voice of Drew’s photo “The Falling Man” function to simulate and build up readers’ brain text, and DeLillo’s criticism of “us-them” ideology as society’s brain …
A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Teenager: Ethical Literary Criticism And David Mitchell's Black Swan Green, Jiayi Chen
Kritika Kultura
Inspired by ethical literary criticism, this article1 attempts to bring to critical attention the ethical dimensions of Mitchell’s war writing in Black Swan Green. By analyzing the way in which Jason’s brain text in relation to war formulates and develops, this article tries to throw light on Mitchell’s strategy of approaching and reconsidering the causes and consequences of war from the perspective of a teenager. It is argued that Mitchell has exploited diverse expressive resources—the art of the fragmentary, for example—to break new ground for rethinking the wars that fade into history. Instead of portraying violent scenes where bloody battles …
Multiple Brain Texts And Trauma Writing: In Don Delillo's Falling Man, Qingji He
Multiple Brain Texts And Trauma Writing: In Don Delillo's Falling Man, Qingji He
Kritika Kultura
By taking the concept of brain text, this paper1 attempts to illustrate that Falling Man by Don DeLillo is an exemplar of how brain text(s) can be processed into literary text(s). Firstly, this paper extends Nie’s concept to include four types of brain texts, namely, those pertaining to characters, readers, society, and writers, then probes into DeLillo’s trauma writing by showing how DeLillo (re)represents different characters’ brain texts in the novel. The silence and loud voice of Drew’s photo “The Falling Man” function to simulate and build up readers’ brain text, and DeLillo’s criticism of “us-them” ideology as society’s brain …
Introduction To The Forum Kritika On Ethical Literary Criticism, Brain Text, And New Readings Of World Literature Part Ii: In Honor Of Zhenzhao Nie, Biwu Shang, Maria Luisa Torres Reyes
Introduction To The Forum Kritika On Ethical Literary Criticism, Brain Text, And New Readings Of World Literature Part Ii: In Honor Of Zhenzhao Nie, Biwu Shang, Maria Luisa Torres Reyes
Kritika Kultura
This special section of Kritika Kultura is the second of two parts on “Ethical Literary Criticism, Brain Text, and New Readings of World Literature”; the first part appeared in Kritika Kultura no. 37, 2021. This part follows up from the first in offering diversified perspectives on brain text and ethical literary criticism, ranging from theoretical exploration to critical practice, from traumatic theory to moral philosophy, and from fiction to drama. Despite their respective emphases on relevant ethical issues, all papers collected in this forum attempt to do new readings of literary texts and unpack the ethical implications constituting their subtexts. …
Editor's Introduction, Vincenz Serrano
Circling The End Of The Line In Monsoon: Glints Of Significance Across Vimala Devi's Short Story Cycle, Paul Melo E Castro
Circling The End Of The Line In Monsoon: Glints Of Significance Across Vimala Devi's Short Story Cycle, Paul Melo E Castro
Kritika Kultura
This article analyzes Vimala Devi’s Monsooni (the 2019 English translation of her Monção, originally published in Portuguese in 1963, with a second augmented edition in 2003) as a short story cycle, a genre that differs as much from the traditional novel as from non-integrated collections of short narratives in its “tension between variety and unity, separateness and interconnectedness, fragmentation and continuity, openness and closure” (Lundén 12). It is this generic affiliation, the author argues, that makes possible Devi’s particular portrait of late-colonial Goa. Drawing on various theorizations of the short story cycle genre, the article scrutinizes the interconnections and breaks …
The Descendente Elite Of Goa: The Role Of Literature In The Construction And Dismantling Of Stereotypes, Luís Pedroso De Lima Cabral De Oliviera
The Descendente Elite Of Goa: The Role Of Literature In The Construction And Dismantling Of Stereotypes, Luís Pedroso De Lima Cabral De Oliviera
Kritika Kultura
Was Vimala Devi yet another author since at least the seventeenth century to have followed in the footsteps of Portuguese writers—Bocage, Tomás Ribeiro, the Kopkes, Camilo Castelo Branco, Eça de Queiroz, Vitorino Nemésio and Manuel de Seabra—in painting a stereotyped and rather grotesque image of the descendente (roughly, Creole) elite of Goa in her short story “The Subsidy”? If so, in what way did she take on, rework, or contribute to this cliché? This question is the common thread running through the present article, which gives an overview of the stereotyped image of the descendentes as it emerges in the …
Fidelities, Sandra Ataíde Lobo
Fidelities, Sandra Ataíde Lobo
Kritika Kultura
The present study articulates the approach to Vimala Devi’s intellectual biography between late 1950s until early 1970s with a look at her writings about Goa (1962-1971) as a cycle of cultural intervention on the coeval debate about Portuguese colonialism and Goan identity. A debate that was running both in Portugal and Goa, having narratives about Goa, Goan literature and print histories played a crucial role. Analysing such activity may not ignore the conditioning of writing and publishing under Salazar’s dictatorship, the possibilities for differentiated positioning within the regime, and the limits to dissent. Nor may it ignore how Portuguese opposition …
Tiatr: Shaming, Humiliation, And The Dignity Project, Jason Keith Fernandes
Tiatr: Shaming, Humiliation, And The Dignity Project, Jason Keith Fernandes
Kritika Kultura
Despite the popular acclaim and the sparse but enthusiastic academic attention that it has received, tiatr, the Konkani language theatrical tradition from Goa’s Old Conquests region, has battled a profound deprecation. It has consistently been dismissed as unsophisticated and “lacking in standard” and has regularly submitted to rigorous efforts to upgrade its standard. This essay locates this dismissal as the result of the shaming of working class and lower caste Catholics by those promoting British-Indian nationalist sensibilities, and examines the claim of humiliation by the tiatrist and activists promoting the rights of the largely Catholic communities using the Roman script …
Following The Golden Thread: Goa Before India, Paul Melo E Castro, Jason Keith Fernandes
Following The Golden Thread: Goa Before India, Paul Melo E Castro, Jason Keith Fernandes
Kritika Kultura
No abstract provided.
The Nomad Of The Naked Body: The Trans-Corporeal Ecopoetics Of Sunwoo Kim, Won-Chung Kim
The Nomad Of The Naked Body: The Trans-Corporeal Ecopoetics Of Sunwoo Kim, Won-Chung Kim
Kritika Kultura
The material turn in the environmental humanities drastically changes our perception of who we are and challenges our attitude toward nature. In this article, the author argues that there is a critical connection between the works of Sunwoo Kim, one of the most prominent ecofeminist poets of Korea, and the trans-corporeal poetics of new materialist feminism. By resuscitating “dead” nature and recognizing the agency of things in the world, Sunwoo Kim deconstructs humanity’s prestigious position of all-powerful subjects and repositions them as equal actors with other nonhuman beings. Trans-corporeal poetics allows her to combine the two most conspicuous trends of …
Humanizing Corporeal Spectacle: Humor And Resistance In Indra Sinha's Animal's People, Simon C. Estok
Humanizing Corporeal Spectacle: Humor And Resistance In Indra Sinha's Animal's People, Simon C. Estok
Kritika Kultura
This article examines Indra Sinha’s Animal’s People and the comments it makes about the long- term corporeal effects of environmental catastrophes. Sinha’s choice of a first person narrative strategy strongly sharpens the visceral impact of the story. The narrator is a lovably unlovable misfit who has been deformed and crippled by an industrial disaster that claimed thousands of lives. While the effects of the disaster play out through the body of the narrator himself (he calls himself “Animal” because he is so deformed), they are more than merely bodily effects: they are psychological, social, economic, developmental, sexual, and so on. …
A Comparative Cultural Study Of The "Body" In Chinese And Western Scholarship, Wei Guo, Peina Zhuang
A Comparative Cultural Study Of The "Body" In Chinese And Western Scholarship, Wei Guo, Peina Zhuang
Kritika Kultura
The body has become a research hotspot, attracting the attention of scholars in the fields of anthropology, literature, philosophy, sociology, and aesthetics. During this process, traditional Chinese and Western views on the body changed in varying degrees, and new corporeal theories came to the forefront. This article, based on the analytical overview of the comparative cultural studies of the body in Chinese scholarship, points out that problems are still abound and there is much room left for body studies in the future, as testified by the deficiencies in the status quo, such as the repeated usage of keywords in research, …
Reading Corporeality In The Climate Change Era: A Comparative Study Of Seamus Heaney's And Hua Hai's Ecological Poetry, Chao Xie
Kritika Kultura
Few critics have paid serious attention to the corporeality depicted in the Nobel Laureate Seamus Heaney’s climate change poetry, despite the fact that the body has become an increasingly crucial topic in the climate change era. In a situation similar to Heaney’s, the Chinese ecopoet Hua Hai has stressed the mutual transformations between different forms of bodies in his works, but there have been few studies on Hua’s ideas of the body. These ideas are closely related to Confucianism and Daoism in particular. This article, referencing corporeal theories in the West and the East, is a comparative reading of Heaney’s …
Corporeality, Genetic Technology, And Climate Change In The Year Of The Flood, Young-Hyun Lee
Corporeality, Genetic Technology, And Climate Change In The Year Of The Flood, Young-Hyun Lee
Kritika Kultura
In her novel The Year of the Flood, Margaret Atwood vividly illustrates the unmistakable impact of climate change on people’s lives these days. Genetic manipulation has become one of the technologies that people have grown dependent on to solve environmental problems in this age of climate change, where severe droughts, rising sea levels, melting glaciers, and the like are being reported more frequently than ever. But genetic engineering has profound consequences for human corporealities, as both COVID-19 and The Year of the Flood show. In the novel, Atwood presents a world where humanity finds it hardly possible to survive without …
A Tropical Traumaturgy: Rereading The Folk In "May Bagyo Ma't May Rilim", Christian Jil R. Benitez
A Tropical Traumaturgy: Rereading The Folk In "May Bagyo Ma't May Rilim", Christian Jil R. Benitez
Kritika Kultura
As a counterpoint to the foremost understanding of the poem dubbed as “May Bagyo Ma’t May Rilim” (lit. “There may be storm and dark”) (1605) as an articulation of an unnamed native’s submission to Catholicism, as well as a testament to their then unwavering faith, the present essay attempts to reconsider the poem through a comparative reading alongside folk poetry wagered to have come from earlier times. In other words, the poem is reread through a temporal realignment of it in the conventional periodization of Philippine (literary) history, moving it from its frequent grouping among texts from (early) Spanish colonization …
Corpus Interruptus: An Introduction To The Forum Kritika On Theorizing Corporeality In The Climate Change Era, Simon C. Estok
Corpus Interruptus: An Introduction To The Forum Kritika On Theorizing Corporeality In The Climate Change Era, Simon C. Estok
Kritika Kultura
No abstract provided.
Postcolonial Pharmakon: Traumatic Transmission In Tony Perez's Cubao-Kalaw Kalaw-Cubao, Ryan Ku
Postcolonial Pharmakon: Traumatic Transmission In Tony Perez's Cubao-Kalaw Kalaw-Cubao, Ryan Ku
Kritika Kultura
Tracing Tony Perez’s Filipino modernism in Cubao–Kalaw Kalaw–Cubao to trauma, this article considers whether the novel’s processing of psychic trauma also amounts to the processing of national trauma. Seemingly positing representation as the means of traumatic processing, Perez, in distinguishing the unconscious transmission of the traumatic event from the conscious narration of its aftereffects, in fact premises representation on deconstruction. Consisting in the displaced and deferred repetition, or writing, of trauma, this process is facilitated in the novel by three discursive practices—Catholicism, psychotherapy, and creative writing—that are derived from the colonial history of the Philippines. Rather than corresponding to the …
The Compositional Paradox In Violence: Classes Of Bhadralok And Chotolk In The Naxalite Novel, Debjani Sarkar, Nirban Manna
The Compositional Paradox In Violence: Classes Of Bhadralok And Chotolk In The Naxalite Novel, Debjani Sarkar, Nirban Manna
Kritika Kultura
This article problematizes the class and caste-based binary of the bhadralok and the chotolok entwined with the Naxalite/Maoist insurgency in India. These long-catalogued terms have been defined and categorized in this article through a study of Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Lowland (2013) and Swati Sengupta’s Guns on My Red Earth (2013). In the 1970s, India’s tryst with communism in the form of the Naxalite-Maoist movement saw these two srenis (bhadralok and chotolok) of Bengali society come together. Though superficially corresponding to the Marxist class binary of the bourgeois and the proletariat, these classes entail a subtle difference and do not necessarily …