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Tc-Ptp-Mediated Epidermal Differentiation Protects Skin From Ultraviolet B Radiation, Smaran Marupudi, Jared Hensley, Lindsey Shim, Bilal B. B. Hafeez, Dae Joon Kim

Research Colloquium

Background: The fine balance of the inverse relationship between keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation is critical in maintaining epidermal homeostasis. The disruption of this balance is one of the characteristic features of skin cancer. Exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation disrupts signaling pathways involved in the maintenance of epidermal cell homeostasis, resulting in hyperplasia and skin cancer formation. One implicated signaling pathway involved in epidermal homeostasis is tyrosine phosphorylation signaling. T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP) is a tyrosine-specific intracellular non-receptor PTP and is ubiquitously expressed in embryonic and adult tissues including skin. Our previous studies showed that TC-PTP has been shown …

Yb1 Modulates Sorafenib Sensitivity In Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines, Dennis Kwabiah, Yamile Abuchard Anaya, Ricardo Bracho Pequeno, Mohammed Shabir Hussain, Manish K. Tripathi

Research Colloquium

Background: Drug resistance is a leading cause of mortality in cancer, responsible for up to 90% of cancer-related deaths. Understanding the mechanisms behind drug resistance is crucial for enhancing the efficacy of cancer therapies. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent form of liver cancer and a major contributor to liver cancer-related fatalities. While early-stage HCC can often be cured with surgical interventions like liver transplantation or hepatectomy, advanced stages are challenging due to drug resistance. Sorafenib, an FDA-approved multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor for treatment of advanced HCC, has shown limited effectiveness in prolonging overall survival in advanced HCC patients. …

Characterization Of Alzheimer's Disease In South Asians: Analysis Of Cardiovascular Disease Prevalence As A Risk Factor, Ramya Kunta, Luis A. Pena Marquez, Maria Sophia Z. Malbas, Astrid-Ines Foamkom, Ney Alliey Rodriguez

Research Colloquium

Background: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), a growing public health issue affecting an estimated 6.7 million Americans, is characterized by a slow progressive decline in cognition. While there is extensive research focused on Non-Hispanic European populations, data is limited on underrepresented minorities, particularly South Asians. This study aims to analyze cardiovascular disease prevalence as a risk factor in relation to AD in South Asians.

Methods: The National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) Uniform Data Set was utilized for this study. The study sample consists of 47,165 participants, including 66 South Asian individuals, which represents 0.1% of the total population selected for the study. …

Pulmonary Fibrosis As A Presentation Of Short Telomere Syndrome: Case Report, Roy Kondapavuluru, Jian Garcia Cruz, Sreejith Pillai, Andres Suarez Parraga

Research Colloquium

Introduction: Short telomere syndrome (STS), also known as accelerated aging syndrome, is an inheritable gene mutation resulting in decreased telomere length causing high cell turnover of organ systems such as skin, bone marrow, liver, hair, lungs, and immune system. Due to diverse clinical manifestations, STS poses a diagnostic challenge, with bone marrow failure and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis being frequent manifestations. The inherited form of STS demonstrates genetic anticipation occurring at an earlier age with more severe manifestations in the affected progeny. We present a rare case of inherited STS in a young patient with severe pulmonary fibrosis.

Case Presentation: A …

Tc-Ptp Overexpression In Mouse Skin Is Linked To Enhanced Epidermal Differentiation In Response To Tumor Promoter Tpa Exposure, Jared Hensley, Smaran Marupudi, Lindsey Shim, Bilal Hafeez, Dae Joon Kim

Research Colloquium

Background: Maintaining a balance between keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation is essential for epidermal homeostasis. Disruption of this balance can lead to hyperplasia and cancer. Epidermal homeostasis is regulated by various signaling pathways, including those mediated by reciprocal regulation between protein tyrosine kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases. T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP), encoded by the PTPN2 gene, is one such phosphatase known to inhibit epidermal cell proliferation through the direct dephosphorylation of STAT3, a key transcription factor involved in cell survival and proliferation following exposure to chemical toxicants. Our previous studies have demonstrated the crucial role of TC-PTP in the prevention …

Vegf In Diabetic Retinopathy And Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Justin Z. Heckman, Andrew Tsin, Sophia Villa

Research Colloquium

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor is a growth factor that plays a significant role in angiogenesis and vascular permeability. This paper dives into the development of diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular disease and focuses on the molecular pathway that VEGF goes through as the diseases progress. Diabetic retinopathy can progress from non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy into the more aggressive proliferative diabetic retinopathy through a series of molecular changes. In non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy hyperglycemia damages microvasculature and can lead leads to retinal vascular permeability, pericyte loss, microaneurysms, and acellular capillary formation. As the disease progresses, hypoxia leads to the production of VEGF which …

Medicinally Privileged Natural Chalcones: Abundance, Mechanisms Of Action, And Clinical Trials, Sophia M. Villa, Justin Z. Heckman, Debasish Bandyopadhyay

Research Colloquium

Chalcones have been utilized for centuries as foods and medicines across various cultures and traditions worldwide. This paper concisely overviews their biosynthesis as specialized metabolites in plants and their significance, potential, efficacy, and possibility as future medicines. This is followed by a more in-depth exploration of naturally occurring chalcones and their corresponding mechanisms of action in human bodies. Based on their mechanisms of action, chalcones exhibit many pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimalarial, antiviral, and antibacterial properties. Novel naturally occurring chalcones are also recognized as potential antidiabetic drugs, and their effect on the GLUT-4 transporter is investigated. In addition, …

Enhanced Bmp Signaling Via Alk2 In Osteoclasts Decreases Bone Density In Mice, Yolanda V. Gutierrez, Hiroyuki Yamaguchi, Yuji Mishina, Yoshihiro Komatsu

Research Colloquium

Bone remodeling is a complex biological process that has been extensively studied. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are recognized as one of the critical growth factors that coordinate bone remodeling. Previous studies have demonstrated that BMP signaling in osteoclasts has a positive effect on osteoclast function. However, little is known about how each BMP type I receptors control osteoclastogenesis. To investigate this question, we utilized the Cre-LoxP system to specifically activate BMP signaling through ALK2 in mice. We utilized Cathepsin K (Ctsk)-Cre driver to activate BMP signaling in osteoclasts in mice. Compared with aged- and gender-matched controls, gain-of-function of BMP mutant …

Seasonal Changes In Forage Regrowth Yield And Quality Of Three Old World Bluestems, Larry M. White

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Little information is available on differences in regrowth yield and quality among Old World bluestems (Bothriochloa spp.). Harvesting was staged such that 4-week regrowth of Caucasian (B. caucasica), cv. WW-Iron Master (D, ischaemum var. i.,ischaemum) and cv, Super Cauc (D. caucasica) was harvested each week from early May through mid-September to determine forage yield, ill vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and crude protein content of leaves and stems. Forage yield peaked in late June with WW-Iron Master, Caucasian, and Super Cauc producing 1280, 11S0 and 930 kg/ho/4 weeks of leaves and S00 200 and …

Herbage Production And Quality Of Rs2, A Quackgrass (Elytrigia Repens [L.]Neski.) X Bluebunch Wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria Spicata [Pursh.] Love) Hybrid, M R. Haferkamp, D C. Adams, E E. Grings, P O. Currie

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Fertiliser and mowing effects on herbage quality and yield of the RS2 hybrid were studied. Plants were fertilised with 0, 112 or 224 kg Nlha in spring 1988 and 1989, or with 112+112kg N/ha split in spring-summer, Plants were unmowed or mowed to a SO mm stubble height on selected dates in 1988 and 1989. Maximum standing crops (SC) of unmowed plants averaged 3000 kg/ha in 1988 and 5600 kg/ha in 1989; SC were increased 1000 kg/ha by fertilisation in 1989. Crude protein (CP) exceeded 120 g/kg in unmowed herbage in 1988 and decreased from 200 g/kg in May to …

Utilization Of Tall Fescue In Pure Stand, In Association With White Clover And In Complex Mixtures, S Badoux

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) was cultivated in pure stand, in association with white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and in various complex grass-legume mixtures. Forage yield and quality were always higher in associations with white clover than in tall fescue pure stands. However, under dry conditions, the balance between the two components was difficult to maintain. In more complex mixtures cocksfoot and tall fescue tended to become dominant and to produce a forage of lower quality. In mixtures of long duration, we replaced meadow fescue by tall fescue. Total yield over 3 years was improved; the digestibility of …

Use Of Plant Height For Determining The Nutritive Value, Yield And The Optimal Use Span Of Lucerne, Lother Schmidt

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Determining the ·cutting date is important for high yield, good forage quality and longevity of lucerne (Medicago media Pers.) stands. Most recommendations for the optimal use date are based on the development ,stage. The results of research conducted over 9 years show that forage quality and the dry matter (DM) yield of luccrne, at the same, developmental stage, vary considerably, depending on weather conditions during the growth period. A better criterion is the plant height of lucerne. There was a highly significant correlation between plant height and the content of crude fibre, crude protein and DM. We recommend the …

Lamb And Steer Production From Continuously Grazed Alfalfa, Jerry D. Volesky, Daniel P. Mowrey

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Little is known about livestock production from alfalfa (Medicago saliva L,) under continuous grazing. Objectives were to determine lamb and steer performance, production and leaf-stem selection on continuously grazed alfalfa. Lambs and steers separately grazed 3 replicate pastures from late April through mid-August, 1991. Initial stocking densities were relatively heavy to utilise rapid spring growth after which livestock numbers were reduced to maintain alfalfa with a 20-cm stubble height. Season-long live-weight gains for the lambs and steers were 0.15 and 0.94 kg/day. Total production for lambs and steers was 557 and 529 kg/ha, Lamb diets generally contained a higher …

Impact Of Intermittent Clipping On Productivity, Forage Quality And Legume Persistence Of Reclaimed Mine Soils, M Collins, H B. Rice, R Turley, W O. Thom

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The materials used as plant growth media during surface mine· reclamation are frequently low in available N, P and K and are drought­prone. Legumes are included in reclamation seeding mixtures . because of their symbiotic N2-fixation ability but competition may prevent establishment or reduce persistence. A field study was conducted to test the hypothesis that intermittent clipping of these sites would reduce grass competition and thereby maintain legume stands. In 1990 and· 1991, 4 clipping treatments were imposed, providing intervals of 2, 4; and 6 weeks between harvests. Clipping at the 2- or 4-week intervals gave equal yields that were …

Sward Height In Grazing Management: Vertical Profiles In Forage Quality, J E. Johnston, A Singh, E A. Clark

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Vertical and temporal trends in herbage yield and quality were assessed in a study sown in 1989 near Elora, Ontario. In a replicated field trial with 0.1 ha paddocks, Hereford heifers rotationally grazed 2 swards to each of 2 residual grazing heights, namely, SO and 100 mm, with a requisite 200-2S0 mm entry height. Profiles in yield and in in vitro organic mailer digestibility (IVOMD) were developed from 6, 1500 cm2 quadrats per paddock, which were subjected to vertically stratified clipping, using sheep shears with a vacuum attachment. In 1990, obliging entry. at 200-2S0 mm stabilised herbage organic matter on …

Sward Height In Grazing Management: Species Adaptation, A Singh, J E. Johnston, E A. Clark

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Under continental, northern conditions, yield potential of species such as perennial ryegrass (Loli11111 pere,me L.) and white clover (Trifolium repe,is L.) is considered to be inferior to that of taller, coarser species such as orchardgrass, bromegrass, timothy and alfalfa. However, recent species evaluation bas stressed management regimes characteristic of conserved feed rather than pasture production, In a replicated trial, species performance and persistence in mixture were evaluated in response to sward height-based grazing management. Starling in 1990, 2 swards constructed predominantly of fine- or coarse-stemmed grasses were grazed rotationally by cattle, using a common 20-25 cm entry height and a …

Manipulation Of Perennial Ryegrass With The Plant Growth Regulator Mefluidide, M H. Foreman, R J. Field

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In an attempt to increase the nutritive quality of herbage, the plant growth regulator mefluidide was applied at low rates (0.15-0.30 kg ai/ha) to pure stands of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in early spring. There was a reduction in total dry matter production of 35.8% at 0.3 kg ai/ha, but because reproductive development was significantly reduced there was a useful increase in the green leaf harvest component from 1.3% to 41.6% of total dry matter. High yields of green leaf were maintained for 100 days, in contrast to untreated swards which were composed largely of stem plus inflorescence …

Interaction Among Harvest Frequency, Fertilizer And Herbicide Use With Intensively Managed Alfalfa In The North-Central Usa, O B. Hesterman, J J. Kells, P L. Tiffin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This research evaluated effects of 2 alfalfa (Medicago sativa L,) cultivars (winter hardy and moderately winter hardy), 3 levels of fertiliser (none, medium, high), 3 levels of herbicide (none, medium, high), and 2 harvest systems ( 4 harvests and 5 harvests per year) on forage yield and quality, Five years (1987-1991) of an experiment in Michigan, USA, have been completed. During the first production year (1988). forage dry matter (DM) production was similar for the 5-harvest (15.2 Mg/ha) and the 4-harvest system (14.8 Mg/ha), During subsequent years, DM production was greater in the 4-harvest than in the 5-harvest system …

Seasonal Changes Of Daily Increase In Extended Sward Height, Dry Matter, Bulk Densities And Digestible Dry Matter Of Temperature Grasses, K Watanabe, K Kita, S Saiga

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Under a regime of frequent cutting, seasonal changes of the daily increase in extended sward height, dry matter (OM) bulk densities and digestible dry matter (DOM) of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) were followed for 5 years. Seasonal changes of the daily increase in extended sward height, DM bulk densities (daily increase in OM/daily increase in extended sward height) and DOM (daily increase in DOM/daily increase in extended sward height) of the grasses had 3 peaks and 2 troughs, as the height and densities were depressed …

Effects Of Applied Nitrogen And Rest Period On Forage Production And Silage Quality, L Juan Carlos Dumont, A Francisco Lanuza

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An experiment to analyse the effect of nitrogen (N) fertiliser and rest period initiation for silage making on permanent pasture was carried out. N fertiliser increased forage production, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and ammonia-N. Shortening the intervals, by delaying the initiation of resting period, increased forage quality with only marginal decreases in dry matter (DM) production. Resting periods from the second week of September and cutting at the end of October or first week of November was appropriate in the Osorno area of Chile. The use of 60 kg N/ha is recommended. Two-cutting system must be considered in order …

Long-Term Management Of Vulpia In Pastures, A R. Leys, P M. Dowling, B Plater, M I. Smetham

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Vulpia (Vulpia spp.) is a common weed of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)-based pastures throughout southern Australia, where it reduces productivity, contaminate's wool and injures livestock. Winter-cleaning pastures with simazine, and to a lesser extent spraying paraquat in spring to sterilise seed, gives good short-term control; however, vulpia produces large amounts of seed and can re-invade even dense subterraneum clover pastures. Re­invasion is least in pastures containing a companion grass. An integrated management system utilising grass in mixture with subterranean clover, livestock and the judicious use of herbicides, will be required to keep the vulpia content of pastures …

Vertical Distribution Of Botanical Components In Four Pastures Mixtures Grazed Solely By Goats, M J. Casey, R J. Lucas, D R. Stevens

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Four different grasses (perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), prairie grass (Bromus willdenowii Kunth), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) and timothy (Phelum pratense L.)) sown with white clover (Trifolium perenne L.) were evaluated under rotational goat grazing lo 10 cm in a cool temperate environment. Detailed measurements of the composition of vertical sward horizons, In spring, summer and autumn, showed significant differences in sward structure between pasture miX:tures. Prairie grass and cocksfoot swards were the tallest (>25 cm) in spring with the top of the sward dominated by grass leaf. The prairie grass sward was also taller …

Cave Ice Microbiome – Reservoir For New Biomolecules In Medicine And Biotechnologies, Victoria Ioana Paun, Corina Itcus, Carmen Mariana Chifiriuc, Paris Lavin, Cristina Purcarea

FRONTIERS UNBOUND: Exploring Extreme Environments

No abstract provided.

Environmental Impact Of Water And Air Contaminants On Public Health, Astrid-Ines Foamkom, Luis A. Peña Marquez, Maria Sophia Malbas, Esmeralda Rodriguez, Noe Garza, Ney Alliey-Rodriguez

Research Colloquium

Background: Established literature suggests a strong relationship between exposure to air contaminants and physical health. Similarly, numerous studies have demonstrated the effects of water pollution on public health. Texas denizens are often victims of poor air and water quality, yet there are scant studies that have integrated evidence of health tolls caused by air and water pollution across the state. In this study, we assessed the relationship between particulate matter

Methods: The study used data from the 2018 Medicare and Medicaid report which displayed chronic health conditions across all counties in Texas. Additionally, the study also includes collected data on …

Antarctic Glacier Melting Modeling Distribution Of Bacterial Community Structure, Corina Itcus, Constantin Marin, Soon Gyu Hong, Manuela Elisabeta Sidoroff, Cristian Coman, Cristina Purcarea

FRONTIERS UNBOUND: Exploring Extreme Environments

No abstract provided.

Efficient Cold-Active Extremozyme For Aldehydes Monitoring, Georgiana Necula-Petrareanu, Paris Lavin, Alina Vasilescu, Cristina Purcarea

FRONTIERS UNBOUND: Exploring Extreme Environments

No abstract provided.

Woolly Mammoth Genomic Adaptations To The Extreme Climate Shifts Of The Ice Age, David Diez-Del-Molino

FRONTIERS UNBOUND: Exploring Extreme Environments

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Grazing Management On Grass Tiller Density Characteristics Of Ryegrass-White Clover Dairy Pasture, E R. Thom, A M. Bryant

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The characteristics of pastures receiving different systems of grazing management during September-May were examined over 3 years from September 1989. Three farmlets (each 10 0.8-ha areas) represented (i) rotational grazing every 30 days (September-May) (RG), (ii) fast rotations during spring (September-November) (SFR) and (iii) fast rotations during spring, summer and autumn (September­May) (SSFR). Pastures were predominantly perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trlfolium repens L.) grazed by dairy cows. Large increases in grass tiller density occurred in SFR and SSFR areas after the first year compared with the rotationally grazed pastures, which have been maintained throughout …

Nitrogen Effects Of Barnyard Manure Applied On Andosol Grasslands In Eastern Hokkaido, T Saigusa, M Noshiro

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Annual changes in the nitrogen (N) effects of barnyard manure (BM) were estimated on grassland of eastern Hokkaido, Japan. In pure' timothy (Phleum pratense L.) grasslands, they were as follows: in the first year after renovation, BM, when ploughed under, supplied an estimated 1 kg Nit manure; this value decreased to 0.5 kg Nit, and 0.3 kg Nit in the second and third year, respectively. When topdressed, BM supplied an estimated 1 kg Nit in the first year, and 0.5 kg Nit in the second year. In timothy-legume mixture, the amount of N supplied by BM to pure timothy …

Growth Kinetics Of Digitaria Decumbens After Defoliation By Cattle At Two Grazing Pressures, M Naves, P Cruz, A Malafosse, J P. Manteaux

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Two regrowth cycles of an intensively managed Digitaria decumbens stand were studied. One followed high-stocked grazing by cows and their calves, and the other followed regrowth grazing by cows only. after weaning: Biomass, morphological composition, leaf area index and nitrogen were measured on 7 occasions between days O and 27 of growth. Residual biomass after the low grazing pressure (2403 kg DM/ha) was 4 times higher than after the high grazing pressure (633 kg DM/ha), mainly because more stems remained at the low grazing pressure (1220 kg DM/ha vs. 230 kg DM/ha). At both grazing pressures, growth of leaf and …