Digital Commons Network^™

Electron Microscopy Characterization Of King Scallop (Pecten Maximus) Shells From Low-Voltage Sem To 3d-Ebsd Reconstruction, Lise Guichaoua, Benazir Khurshid, Arnaud Benchetrite, Stéphanie Bessette, Bryce Stewart, Natalie Reznikov, Roland Kröger, Raynald Gauvin

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

October 17, 2024, The Daily Mississippian

Daily Mississippian (all digitized issues)

No abstract provided.

Super-Resolution Magnetic Microscopy And Earth’S Field Magnetometry With Color Centers In Diamond, Nazanin Mosavian

Optical Science and Engineering ETDs

In recent years, the negatively charged nitrogen- vacancy (NV) center has emerged as a promising solid-state color center capable of measuring magnetic fields with high sensi- tivity and spatial resolution under ambient conditions. In this thesis I will discuss how we perform super resolution magnetic microscopy and acquire magnetic field images of nanoparticle samples at 100 nm resolution. I will explain how 3D flux concentrators increase magnetic field amplitude and allows us to measure vector component magnetic fields as low as 50 µT with a diamond magnetometer, without the use of an additional bias magnetic field. I also describe how …

Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning In Ocular Oncology, Retinoblastoma (Armor): Experience With A Multiracial Cohort, Vijitha S. Vempuluru, Rajiv Viriyala, Virinchi Ayyagari, Komal Bakal, Patanjali Bhamidipati, Krishna Krishore Dhara, Sandor R. Ferenczy, Carol L. Shields, Swathi Kaliki

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

Background: The color variation in fundus images from differences in melanin concentrations across races can affect the accuracy of artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) models. Hence, we studied the performance of our AI model (with proven efficacy in an Asian-Indian cohort) in a multiracial cohort for detecting and classifying intraocular RB (iRB). Methods: Retrospective observational study. Results: Of 210 eyes, 153 (73%) belonged to White, 37 (18%) to African American, 9 (4%) to Asian, 6 (3%) to Hispanic races, based on the U.S. Office of Management and Budget's Statistical Policy Directive No.15 and 5 (2%) had no reported race. …

Transition Of Buoyancy-Driven Flow From An Axisymmetric To Non-Axisymmetric Vortex Inside An Evaporating Sessile Droplet, Jialing Yu, Zhenhai Pan, Justin A. Weibel

CTRC Research Publications

The internal flow within an evaporating sessile droplet has intriguing fluid mechanics important to various microfluidics applications. In the present study, a phenomenon is observed through numerical methods wherein the buoyancy-driven flow structure inside a droplet on a non-wetting substrate transitions from an axisymmetric toroidal vortex flow to a non-axisymmetric single vortex flow with increase in the substrate temperature. As the axisymmetric nature of the droplet flow field and evaporation characteristics are broken, the internal velocity accelerates significantly. The transition, which is attributed to a flow instability inside the droplet, is more prone to occur as the droplet volume or …

The Field Research Grant Colloquium, Latin American And Iberian Institute

LAII Events

Thursday, October 17, 2024 | 02:00 pm

Latin American and Iberian Institute (801 Yale Blvd NE)

About:

Join the LAII for a panel event where former field research grant recipients discuss theirresearch projects.

Graduate students can benefit significantly from the opportunity to conduct field research in LatinAmerica, where they combine practice with theory and connect their scholarship to livedexperiences or archival data. To make field research more accessible to students, each spring theLAII offers field research grants (FRGs) to graduate students across campus.

All potential applicants are encouraged to attend.

Featured Speakers:

Anderson Gomes Barbosa (M.A. Student, Spanish and Portuguese) …

A Student-Community Partnership To Enhance Cancer Research Training, Rebecca J. Melillo, Christiane El Khoury, Amy L. Shaver, Moriah L. Cunningham, Nathalia Benavides, Quezia Lacerda, Felix J. Kim, Amy E. Leader

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Despite the importance of community involvement in research, little formal training in community outreach and engagement (COE) is offered to cancer research trainees. A collaboration between the Office of COE and the Office of Cancer Research Training and Education Coordination (CRTEC) at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Jefferson led to the COE-CRTEC Trainee Working Group, a unique program in which trainees in cancer research each created a novel COE initiative.

METHODS: Four cancer research trainees were selected to serve as COE Program Liaisons (CPLs), each aligned with one of the four cancer center research programs. Each CPL …

Assessing Influence Of Mismatch Repair Mutations On Survival In Patients After Resection Of Pancreatic Ductal And Periampullary Adenocarcinoma, Elizabeth Prezioso, Eleanor Mancheski, Kylee Shivok, Zachary Kaplan, Wilbur Bowne, Aditi Jain, Harish Lavu, Charles Yeo, Avinoam Nevler

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Previous studies have indicated that microsatellite instability and deficient mismatch repair (MMR) may be associated with improved survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. Here, we aim to investigate the impact of deficient MMR (dMMR) status on oncologic outcomes in patients after resection of PDAC and periampullary adenocarcinoma. Methods: This is a single-institution, retrospective study based on a prospectively maintained database. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (N = 342) and periampullary adenocarcinoma patients (N = 76) who underwent pancreatic resection surgery between 2016 and 2021 were …

Data-Driven Sparse Sensor Placement Optimization On Wings For Flight-By-Feel: Bioinspired Approach And Application, Alex C. Hollenbeck, Atticus J. Beachy, Ramana V. Grandhi, Alexander M. Pankonien

Faculty Publications

Flight-by-feel (FBF) is an approach to flight control that uses dispersed sensors on the wings of aircraft to detect flight state. While biological FBF systems, such as the wings of insects, often contain hundreds of strain and flow sensors, artificial systems are highly constrained by size, weight, and power (SWaP) considerations, especially for small aircraft. An optimization approach is needed to determine how many sensors are required and where they should be placed on the wing. Airflow fields can be highly nonlinear, and many local minima exist for sensor placement, meaning conventional optimization techniques are unreliable for this application. The …

Structural Basis Of The Human Transcriptional Mediator Regulated By Its Dissociable Kinase Module, Ti-Chun Chao, Shin-Fu Chen, Hee Jong Kim, Hui-Chi Tang, Hsiang-Ching Tseng, An Xu, Leon Palao, Subash Khadka, Tao Li, Mo-Fan Huang, Dung-Fang Lee, Kenji Murakami, Thomas G Boyer, Kuang-Lei Tsai

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The eukaryotic transcriptional Mediator comprises a large core (cMED) and a dissociable CDK8 kinase module (CKM). cMED recruits RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) and promotes pre-initiation complex formation in a manner repressed by the CKM through mechanisms presently unknown. Herein, we report cryoelectron microscopy structures of the complete human Mediator and its CKM. The CKM binds to multiple regions on cMED through both MED12 and MED13, including a large intrinsically disordered region (IDR) in the latter. MED12 and MED13 together anchor the CKM to the cMED hook, positioning CDK8 downstream and proximal to the transcription start site. Notably, the …

Therapeutic Targeting Of Differentiation-State Dependent Metabolic Vulnerabilities In Diffuse Midline Glioma., Nneka E. Mbah, Amy L. Myers, Peter Sajjakulnukit, Chan Chung, Joyce K. Thompson, Hanna S. Hong, Heather Giza, Derek Dang, Zeribe C. Nwosu, Mengrou Shan, Stefan R. Sweha, Daniella D. Maydan, Brandon Chen, Li Zhang, Brian Magnuson, Zirui Zhu, Megan Radyk, Brooke Lavoie, Viveka Nand Yadav, Imhoi Koo, Andrew D. Patterson, Daniel R. Wahl, Luigi Franchi, Sameer Agnihotri, Carl J. Koschmann, Sriram Venneti, Costas A. Lyssiotis

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

H3K27M diffuse midline gliomas (DMG), including diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG), exhibit cellular heterogeneity comprising less-differentiated oligodendrocyte precursors (OPC)-like stem cells and more differentiated astrocyte (AC)-like cells. Here, we establish in vitro models that recapitulate DMG-OPC-like and AC-like phenotypes and perform transcriptomics, metabolomics, and bioenergetic profiling to identify metabolic programs in the different cellular states. We then define strategies to target metabolic vulnerabilities within specific tumor populations. We show that AC-like cells exhibit a mesenchymal phenotype and are sensitized to ferroptotic cell death. In contrast, OPC-like cells upregulate cholesterol biosynthesis, have diminished mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and are accordingly more …

Failure Modes In Orthopedic Oncologic Reconstructive Surgery: A Review Of Imaging Findings And Failure Rates, Juan Pretell

All Publications

Limb salvage surgeries utilizing endoprostheses and allografts are performed for a variety of oncologic conditions. These reconstructions can fail and require revision for many reasons, which are outlined and classified into mechanical failures (soft tissue failures, aseptic loosening, structural failure), non-mechanical failures (infection, tumor progression), and pediatric failures (physeal arrest, growth dysplasia). Distinct radiologic and clinical findings define specific failure subtypes but are sparsely illustrated in the radiology literature. Specifically, an understanding of the organizational structure of the failure modes can direct radiologists' search for post-reconstruction complications, enhance an appreciation of their prognostic significance, and facilitate research by standardizing the …

Case 32-2024: A 72-Year-Old Woman With Dyspnea, Dysphagia, And Dysarthria, Stephanie V Sherman, Lucas X Marinacci, Sandra P Rincon, Elizabeth M Raynor

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Biological Response Of Treatment With Saffron Petal Extract On Cytokine-Induced Oxidative Stress And Inflammation In The Caco-2/Human Leukemia Monocytic Co-Culture Model., Federica De Cecco, Sara Franceschelli, Valeria Panella, Maria Anna Maggi, Silvia Bisti, Arturo Bravo Nuevo, Damiano D'Ardes, Francesco Cipollone, Lorenza Speranza

PCOM Scholarly Works

The pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves complex mechanisms, including immune dysregulation, gut microbiota imbalances, oxidative stress, and defects in the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier. Current treatments for IBD often have significant limitations and adverse side effects, prompting a search for alternative therapeutic strategies. Natural products with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties have demonstrated potential for IBD management. There is increasing interest in exploring food industry waste as a source of bioactive molecules with healthcare applications. In this study, a co-culture system of Caco-2 cells and PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages was used to simulate the human intestinal microenvironment. Inflammation was induced using …

Advanced Principal Component Analysis Of Various Risk Factors Of Hepatitis B Prevalence In Nigeria., Nureni O. Adeboye, Olumide S. Adesina, Habeeb A. Afolabi, Timothy A. Ogunleye

Tanzania Journal of Science

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an infectious disease globally estimated to have caused between 500,000 to 1.2 million deaths annually. HBV prevalence is still high in Nigeria. Thus, this research aimed to identify factors germane to the widespread of HBV infection in an apparent clinical survey. The methods of analysis used were frequency, percentage and Principal component analysis (PCA). This was achieved through hospital record extracts of consultant hepatologists and the dimensionality reduction of the acquired data while retaining essential factors that are germane to the prevalence of HBV infection. The findings revealed that out of seventeen components evaluated in …

Choosing A Forage System For The Future In Dairying Production In The Western Part Of France, Eric P. Gendron

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A group of 25 dairy farms (44 ha, 38 cows, 7500 kg of milk/cow) was used for elaborating technical and economic references on dairy production systems in the department of Maine et Loire (western France), between 1986 and 1991. Changes in choosing a forage system began with the restriction of dairy production under EC rules introduced in 1984. Very intensive systems (over 10 000 kg of milk/ ha) no longer guaranteed that a better level of production per cow meant a better income for the farmer. After 5 years of study it was possible to propose 4 forage systems with …

Effect Of Grazing Order On Live-Weight Gain Of Young Female Beef Cattle, Jose Fernando Piva Lobato, Blas H.J Cristaldo Albospino, Fernando Rigo Magalhaves, Assan Ali Taher

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In order to evaluate the daily live-weight gain and overall live weight of 2 groups of 30 female beef calves from weaning until 2 years of age, an experiment was run at Field Station al Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, in Eldorado do Sul district. Group A was introduced to the paddocks first, and the animals were allowed to graze half the available pasture. These animals were then removed and group B was introduced and grazed the remaining available pasture, During the first (28 June 1990-19 October 1990), and second (12 June 1991-16 October 1991 ), winter-spring seasons, …

Animal Keeping By Grazing, I Vinczeffy, M Kota

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This study calls attention to some important parameters and effects of the pasture and grazing, on the basis of our experiments carried out during the last 45 years.

Flood-Tolerant Pastures For Dairying In Northland, P W. Woods, J N. Couchman, A O. Taylor

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Much flood-prone land in Northland consists of fertile alluvial flats which are or could be used for dairy production. Heavy rainfall from subtropical cyclonic dislurbances have caused severe pastoral damage to these areas by flooding during late summer and early autumn. A range of pasture species were screened to ascertain plant surviv_al under depleted oxygen levels and warm temperatures which occur in flood water during summer. Subtropical grasses screened tended to survive immersion better than temperate species. Creeping grasses such as Hemarthria altissima and Paspalum distichum were more tolerant than P. dilatatum. Of the temperate species, Phalaris arundinacea, Phleum …

Selecting Lucerne Cultivars For Commercial Crop Processing And Fractionation In New South Wales, Australia, H T. Ostrowski-Meissner, F Falconer

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The study was undertaken in the Lachlari River irrigation basin located in the central west region of New South Wales to obtain the fractionation characteristics of 23 varieties of lucerne (Medicago sativa) grown as pure crop stands on a commercial lucerne establishment and select for further study those varieties that showed potential for crop fractionation purposes. The results indicate that of the 23 varieties tested, 9 showed potential for commercial-scale fractionation. These were the Aurora, Trifecta, WL605, Hunterfield, GT58, Sequel, Validor, CUFlOI and Pioneer 5929 with the first three giving the highest yields of crop dry matter, crude …

Effect Of Seasonal Variation In The Fractionation Pattern Of Lucerne Selected For Commercial Crop Processing In Australia, H T. Ostrowski-Meissner, C J. Pearson, L M. Shields

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The study was conducted on an irrigated lucerne (Medicago sativa) crop (cv. Aurora) harvested at the late vegetative stage of maturity for processing and fractionation during autumn, spring, early and late summer. The experiment was carried out using replicated commercial-sized irrigation bays with lucerne dry matter (DM) yields estimated to average some 19 t OM/ha/year. Despite irrigation, the lucerne harvested during the late summer season had the lowest nitrogen content at the time of harvest and yielded less lower crude protein lucerne extract as compared to those crops harvested during the spring and autumn seasons. The lower efficiency …

Direct Drilling Forage Maize Into Dairy Pastures In South-Eastern Australia, K E. Pritchard

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forage maize (Zea mays) was planted directly into uncultivated dairy pastures after desiccation. A planter specially developed for this purpose, which used coulters, tynes and narrow rotary hoes to place fertiliser and seed precisely, achieved excellent crop establishment in dense red­brown earth soils. Yields were up to 22.7 t of dry matter/ha, similar to that of cultivated seedbeds with flood irrigation and 10% less than with furrow irrigation. Key agronomic requirements for success were a specialised planter, good surface drainage, adequate pre- and post­planting weed control and a requirement for early application of irrigation water and nitrogen fertiliser. …

Breeding To Reduce Susceptibility To Bloat In Dairy Cattle, C A. Morris, R J. Wilkins

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An experiment with Friesian x Jersey cross cattle was established in 1972 at Ruakura, in order to select in 2 closed herds for high (HS) or low (LS) susceptibility to pasture bloat. By the 1990 calf crop, there was a difference in adjusted bloat score between herds of 0.94 units (1.93 genetic standard deviations). The repeatability and heritability of a single bloat score were 0.13+0.02, and 0.12+0.06, with a heritability of 0.52+0.22 for mean bloat score. Annual death rates from bloat have averaged 2.6% in the HS herd and 0.8% in the LS herd (0% in the LS herd for …

Mixed Herb Ley No Advantage Over Ryegrass-White Clover Pasture For Early Lamb Growth, I Popay, W Stiefel

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The performance of lambs at 2 stocking rates, on either ryegrass­white clover (Lolium perenne- Trifolium repens) pasture or on a mixed herb ley, were compared under a system which precluded use of pesticides (including drenches) and highly soluble fertilisers. The mixed herb ley included 8 grasses, 5 legumes and 3 herbs: chicory (Cichorium lntybus), sheep's burnet (Sangulsorba minor ssp. muricata) and narrow-leaved plantain (Plantago lanceolata). In the first grazing cycle, there were no significant differences in lamb growth rates, nor in faecal egg counts, between the two pasture types, although in the …

Use Of Italian Ryegrass To Increase Feed Production From Dairy Pastures In Northern New Zealand, E R. Thom, R A. Prestidge

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effect on pasture production In late winter-early spring was examined by direct drilling Italian ryegrass (Lolilum multiflorum Lam. cv, Concord) into plots previously sprayed with glyphosate or undersowing into existing pasture in autumn 1989 and 1990. Nitrogen fertiliser (25 kg N/ha) was applied to half the area of each plot on 3 occasions during winter. Concord ryegrass was also direct drilled after spraying wilh glyphosate in late summer (February) and autumn (March) in a third experiment in 1991. All plots were rotationally grazed by cows. On average for late winter-early spring 1989 and 1990, direct-drilled and undersown plots …

Effect Of A Reduction In Concentrate Price On Feed Costs And Its Implication For Grass Silage In The Diet Of Lactating Dairy Cows, S Fitzgerald

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The proposed reduction in the price of cereals (29%) under the EC price reform proposals for agricultural produce will have n large effect on feed costs and on the balance between grass silage and concentrates in the diet of lactating dairy cows while indoors. The effect of n reduction in the price of dairy concentrates with varying silage production costs on the daily feed costs for a 525 kg cow yielding 25 kg milk/day in early lactation, while losing 0.5 kg/day body weight, was calculated when given a mixed diet of grass silage and concentrates to provide an MB intake …

Development Of A Genotype For Out-Of-Season Lambing, J F. Smith, D L. Johnson, T C. Reid

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A flock derived from Polled Dorset x Romney sheep has been selected for advanced lambing date for 20 years. After 15 years over 90% of selected ewes displayed the ability to lamb in autumn, Genetic parameters have been analysed and high heritability (0.23) and repeatability (0.36) estimated. Current research is aimed at selection of divergent flocks based on use of breeding values for date of lambing and the elucidation of what has altered in the physiological and endocrinological mechanisms controlling the onset of breeding season and also the identification of early indicator traits in the male and female progeny, Preliminary …

United States Forage Exports To Japan And Korea, William P. Ford

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Bxports are becoming an important market for the western USA forage producer. Forage products exported are: lucerne hay and cubes, timothy hay, oat hay, sudangrass hay, and perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass straw, Demand for forage products from Japan is now playing an increasing role on West Coast markets. In 1991, Japan Imported 720 214 t of lucerne hay cubes, The USA supplies approximately 77% of these lucerne cubes and Canada about 21 %, Baled hay imports for Japan totalled 1 038 297 t in 1991. 87% of these hay products came from the USA. Total hay and cube imports …

Intensive Lucerne Production In Washington, William P. Ford, Dayid W. Evans

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Hay is the sixth valuable agricultural commoditing in the state of Washington in the USA. Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) was grown on 190350 ha and represents 74% of all hay, 36% of the state's lucerne acreage and 48% of its production was found in two counties. Three to 5 harvests per year can be made in Central Washington. Lucerne farms under intensive management can yield as much as 22.4 Mg of 12% moisture hay/ha. A balance between stand maintenance, high yields and good quality hay can be obtained by cutting lucerne at the bud stage of growth. In 1991, over …

Use Of Irrigated Lucerne At Different Growth Stages Ii. Utilization For Milk Production, Ernesto John, Agustin Vidal, Fernando Baez, Patricio Soto

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Lactating cows were assigned in a random block design to 6 treatments in a 3x2 factorial arrangement: 3 growth stages pre-bud (PB), 10% flower ( I OPP) and 50% flower (50PF), leaving 2 post-grazing residuals, high (HR) and low (LR).· Treatments were evaluated in 2 seasons, November-January (Sl) and January-March (S2). Forty-eight cows were used in each of the two seasons. During Sl milk production per cow (kg/day) was 20.0, 18,9 and 17.2 for PB, IOPF and 50PF for low residuals and 19.5; 19.8 and 20.3 for high residuals, respectively. For S2 milk production was lower but followed similar trends. …