Digital Commons Network^™

Improves Intrusion Detection Performance Inwireless Sensor Networks Through Machine Learning, Enhanced By An Accelerated Deep Learning Model With Advanced Feature Selection, Hadeel M. Saleh, Hend Marouane, Ahmed Fakhfakh

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been securing a big position in the new aspect of security network attacks, where these suffer from various serious cyber threats that can play with their data integrity and reliability. Due to the key importance of WSN in a wide spectrum range of applications such as environmental monitoring and military field, building reliable, robust and efficient intrusion detection systems (IDS) is necessary. Although traditional machine learning approaches have been intended to detect these threats, they often lack high accuracy due to the complexity and dimensionality of WSN data.To address these limitations, the study introduces an …

Shaping The Future Of Global Access To Safe, Effective, Appropriate And Quality Health Products, Raffaella Ravinetto, Rodrigo Henriquez, Prashant N Srinivas, Hazel Bradley, Renier Coetzee, Theresa J Ochoa, Jean Claude Semuto Ngabonziza, Jean-Baptiste Mazarati, Wim Van Damme, Remco Van De Pas, Nico Vandaele, Els Torreele

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Effectiveness Of Emotionally Focused Therapy (Eft) With Chinese Couple Clients: From The Chinese Eft Therapists' Cultural Lens, Yifan Wang

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study is to understand the Chinese EFT (Emotionally Focused Therapy) therapists’ experiences of working with Chinese couples in EFT sessions, as well as to discover how the cultural factors play a role in the effectiveness of EFT use with Chinese couples. This study was conducted by finding out 10 EFT-oriented therapists and analyzing via online interviews their experiences of working with Chinese couples. The theories guiding this study are based on Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT). One of the founding therapists of this approach is Dr. Sue Johnson. EFT is heavily influenced by attachment theory, which …

The Effects Of High School Instrumental Music Performance Anxiety On The Accelerated Recovery Of Social Anxiety, Staci Leigh Hatmaker

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This quantitative correlational study aims to examine the challenges secondary students encounter in sustaining positive mental health and how the benefits of music performance anxiety in secondary school students can aid in the accelerated recovery of social anxiety. There is a present gap in the research exploring the benefits of situational anxiety on clinically diagnosed anxiety disorders and noting that this situational anxiety is a standard expectation and volunteered for when participating in performing arts environments. The objective is to understand the therapeutic benefits of micro-dosing the brain with music performance anxiety in a controlled environment and its potential uses …

The Unprecedented Stressors Of Early Childhood Educators During The Covid-19 Pandemic And Post-Pandemic Restoration: A Case Study, Ida Mae Lewis

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this case study was to describe the unprecedented stressors of early childhood educators (ECE) during the COVID-19 pandemic and the post-pandemic restoration at two early childhood education centers (ECEC) in a midwestern state. The central research question was: How did the COVID-19 pandemic’s unprecedented stressors impact ECE in the post-pandemic era? Data collection included structured interviews with open-ended questions, focus groups, and documents. The three data sources were triangulated for themes, perspectives, and interpretations, and coding was used to help gain a deep understanding of the stressors experienced by early childhood educators. The conceptual framework guiding this …

Differences In Out-Of-School Suspensions Between Black And White High School Students When Controlling For Student Factors, School Factors, And Delinquency, Steven Craig Davidson

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This quantitative, correlational study aims to determine how accurately out-of-school suspensions can be predicted from a linear combination of student delinquency, in-school delinquency, and prior suspensions for Black and White high school students. Further, a causal-comparative design is used to determine if there is a statically significant difference in out-of-school suspensions between Black and White high school students when controlling for student factors, school factors, and student delinquency factors. The study consists of five guiding theories that inform two general hypotheses. The first hypothesis, referred to as the differential selection hypothesis, is guided by critical race theory (CRT) and implicit …

Effects Of Kras Genetic Interactions On Outcomes In Cancers Of The Lung, Pancreas, And Colorectum, Isabella N Grabski, John V Heymach, Kenneth L Kehl, Scott Kopetz, Ken S Lau, Gregory J Riely, Deborah Schrag, Rona Yaeger, Rafael A Irizarry, Kevin M Haigis

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: KRAS is among the most commonly mutated oncogenes in cancer, and previous studies have shown associations with survival in many cancer contexts. Evidence from both clinical observations and mouse experiments further suggests that these associations are allele- and tissue-specific. These findings motivate using clinical data to understand gene interactions and clinical covariates within different alleles and tissues.

Methods: We analyze genomic and clinical data from the AACR Project GENIE Biopharma Collaborative for samples from lung, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers. For each of these cancer types, we report epidemiological associations for different KRAS alleles, apply principal component analysis (PCA) to …

An Existential-Phenomenological Exploration Of The Experience Of Being A White Undergraduate Psychology Student In A Multicultural Counseling Course, Mona Lynnette Swallow

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This existential-phenomenological study sought to explore the experiences of White undergraduate psychology students enrolled in a multicultural counseling course to gain an understanding of how White students described their lived experiences while enrolled in the course. This was accomplished by conducting virtual interviews with nine participants recruited through an online university announcement. Three key experiential constituents emerged from the data supporting previous research of the conflicts White students experience as they process understanding their racialized identities as members of the dominant ethnic-racial group in U.S. society in context to the topics discussed in the course. This lack of understanding was …

Synthetic Oct-A Blood Vessel Maps Using Fundus Images And Generative Adversarial Networks, Ashanul Haque, Mohd Wajid Ali Khan, Khalaf M Alenezi, Raoudha Soury, Muhammad S Khan, Shahzaib Ahamad, Md Mushtaque, Dinesh Gupta

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The design and development of new small-molecule glycation inhibitors are essential for preventing various chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, immunoinflammation, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. 4-Thiazolidinone or thiazolidine-4-one is a well-known heterocyclic compound with the potential to inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products. In the present work, we report the synthesis and characterization of four new 5-arylidene 3-cyclopropyl-2-(phenylimino)thiazolidin-4-one (1–4) compounds and their human serum albumin glycation inhibitory activity. One of the compounds 5-(2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethylidene)-3-cyclopropyl-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one (3) showed potent inhibition in the synthesis of initial, intermediary, and final products of glycation reactions. Besides, conformational …

Multiple Pathways For Glucose Phosphate Transport And Utilization Support Growth Of Cryptosporidium Parvum, Rui Xu, Wandy L Beatty, Valentin Greigert, William H Witola, L David Sibley

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Cryptosporidium parvum is an obligate intracellular parasite with a highly reduced mitochondrion that lacks the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the ability to generate ATP, making the parasite reliant on glycolysis. Genetic ablation experiments demonstrated that neither of the two putative glucose transporters CpGT1 and CpGT2 were essential for growth. Surprisingly, hexokinase was also dispensable for parasite growth while the downstream enzyme aldolase was required, suggesting the parasite has an alternative way of obtaining phosphorylated hexose. Complementation studies in E. coli support a role for direct transport of glucose-6-phosphate from the host cell by the parasite transporters CpGT1 and CpGT2, thus …

Steeper Size Spectra With Decreasing Phytoplankton Biomass Indicate Strong Trophic Amplification And Future Fish Declines, Angus Atkinson, Axel G. Rossberg, Ursula Gaedke, Gary Sprules, Ryan F. Heneghan, Stratos Batziakas, Maria Grigoratou, Elaine Fileman, Katrin Schmidt, Constantin Frangoulis

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Under climate change, model ensembles suggest that declines in phytoplankton biomass amplify into greater reductions at higher trophic levels, with serious implications for fisheries and carbon storage. However, the extent and mechanisms of this trophic amplification vary greatly among models, and validation is problematic. In situ size spectra offer a novel alternative, comparing biomass of small and larger organisms to quantify the net efficiency of energy transfer through natural food webs that are already challenged with multiple climate change stressors. Our global compilation of pelagic size spectrum slopes supports trophic amplification empirically, independently from model simulations. Thus, even a modest …

Development Of A Suspended Aerobic Membrane Bioreactor (Sambr) For Sustainable Wastewater Treatment On Early Planetary Bases, Talon James Bullard

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Environmental Control and Life Support Systems (ECLSS) ideally should treat all “waste” streams for recovery in a sustainable and near closed-loop manner. This will be critical for Partial Gravity Habitats (PGH) and Early Planetary Bases (EPB) that will be established on the Moon and Mars due to the lack of readily available resources. Currently, the Water Recovery System (WRS), onboard the International Space Station (ISS), recovers and purifies water from urine and graywater. While efficient, this system is not optimized for future missions and utilizes physical-chemical technologies that operate with single-use and hazardous consumables. In response to the lack of …

Reducing Global Food Loss And Waste Could Improve Air Quality And Lower The Risk Of Premature Mortality, Alessandro Gatto, Maksym Chepeliev

Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty Publications

While the global food system substantially contributes to environmental degradation and climate change, significant amounts of lost or wasted foods along the food supply chain actively contribute to global air pollution and related health risks. In this study, we use an environmentally-extended input–output model to quantify air pollution embedded in global food loss and waste (FLW) and investigate how FLW reduction policies can mitigate air pollution linked to food consumption, decreasing associated premature mortality risks across global regions. While estimating a positive impact of FLW reduction policies on decreasing air pollution levels (from −1.5% of SO2 emissions to −10.2% of …

Scalable And Consolidated Microbial Platform For Rare Earth Element Leaching And Recovery From Waste Sources, Nathan M. Good, Christina S. Kang-Yun, Morgan Z. Su, Alexa M. Zytnick, Colin C. Barber, Huong N. Vu, Joseph M. Grace, Hoang H. Nguyen, Wenjun Zhang, Elizabeth Skovran, Maohong Fan, Dan M. Park, Norma Cecilia Martinez-Gomez

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Chemical methods for the extraction and refinement of technologically critical rare earth elements (REEs) are energy-intensive, hazardous, and environmentally destructive. Current biobased extraction systems rely on extremophilic organisms and generate many of the same detrimental effects as chemical methodologies. The mesophilic methylotrophic bacterium Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 was previously shown to grow using electronic waste by naturally acquiring REEs to power methanol metabolism. Here we show that growth using electronic waste as a sole REE source is scalable up to 10 L with consistent metal yields without the use of harsh acids or high temperatures. The addition of organic acids increases …

Tfeb Drives Mtorc1 Hyperactivation And Kidney Disease In Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, Nicola Alesi, Damir Khabibullin, Dean M Rosenthal, Elie W Akl, Pieter M Cory, Michel Alchoueiry, Samer Salem, Melissa Daou, William F Gibbons, Jennifer A Chen, Long Zhang, Harilaos Filippakis, Laura Graciotti, Caterina Miceli, Jlenia Monfregola, Claudia Vilardo, Manrico Morroni, Chiara Di Malta, Gennaro Napolitano, Andrea Ballabio, Elizabeth P Henske

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is caused by TSC1 or TSC2 mutations, leading to hyperactivation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and lesions in multiple organs including lung (lymphangioleiomyomatosis) and kidney (angiomyolipoma and renal cell carcinoma). Previously, we found that TFEB is constitutively active in TSC. Here, we generated two mouse models of TSC in which kidney pathology is the primary phenotype. Knockout of TFEB rescues kidney pathology and overall survival, indicating that TFEB is the primary driver of renal disease in TSC. Importantly, increased mTORC1 activity in the TSC2 knockout kidneys is normalized by TFEB knockout. In TSC2-deficient …

Autogenic Splenic Implantation Versus Splenectomy In Patients Undergoing Distal Pancreatectomy For Benign Or Low-Grade Malignant Lesions Of The Distal Pancreas: Study Protocol For A Multicentre, Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial (Restore), Horacio Asbun

All Publications

Background: The spleen plays a significant role in the clearance of circulating microorganisms. Sequelae of splenectomy, especially immunodeficiency, can have a deleterious effect on a patient's health and even lead to death. Hence, splenectomy should be avoided and spleen preservation during elective surgery has become a treatment goal. However, this cannot be achieved in every patient due to intraoperative technical difficulties or oncological reasons. Autogenic splenic implantation (ASI) is currently the only possible way to preserve splenic function when a splenectomy is necessary. Experience largely stems from trauma patients with a splenic rupture. Splenic immune function can be measured by …

Overcoming Resolution Attenuation During Tilted Cryo-Em Data Collection, Sriram Aiyer, Philip R Baldwin, Shi Min Tan, Zelin Shan, Juntaek Oh, Atousa Mehrani, Marianne E Bowman, Gordon Louie, Dario Oliveira Passos, Selena Đorđević-Marquardt, Mario Mietzsch, Joshua A Hull, Shuichi Hoshika, Benjamin A Barad, Danielle A Grotjahn, Robert Mckenna, Mavis Agbandje-Mckenna, Steven A Benner, Joseph A P Noel, Dong Wang, Yong Zi Tan, Dmitry Lyumkis

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Structural biology efforts using cryogenic electron microscopy are frequently stifled by specimens adopting "preferred orientations" on grids, leading to anisotropic map resolution and impeding structure determination. Tilting the specimen stage during data collection is a generalizable solution but has historically led to substantial resolution attenuation. Here, we develop updated data collection and image processing workflows and demonstrate, using multiple specimens, that resolution attenuation is negligible or significantly reduced across tilt angles. Reconstructions with and without the stage tilted as high as 60° are virtually indistinguishable. These strategies allowed the reconstruction to 3 Å resolution of a bacterial RNA polymerase with …

The Immune System And Metabolic Products In Epilepsy And Glioma-Associated Epilepsy: Emerging Therapeutic Directions, Shashwat Tripathi, Cody L Nathan, Matthew C Tate, Craig M Horbinski, Jessica W Templer, Joshua M Rosenow, Timothy L Sita, Charles D James, Benjamin Deneen, Stephen D Miller, Amy B Heimberger

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Epilepsy has a profound impact on quality of life. Despite the development of new antiseizure medications (ASMs), approximately one-third of affected patients have drug-refractory epilepsy and are nonresponsive to medical treatment. Nearly all currently approved ASMs target neuronal activity through ion channel modulation. Recent human and animal model studies have implicated new immunotherapeutic and metabolomic approaches that may benefit patients with epilepsy. In this Review, we detail the proinflammatory immune landscape of epilepsy and contrast this with the immunosuppressive microenvironment in patients with glioma-related epilepsy. In the tumor setting, excessive neuronal activity facilitates immunosuppression, thereby contributing to subsequent glioma progression. …

N-Acetylaspartate From Fat Cells Regulates Postprandial Body Temperature, Jessica B Felix, Pradip K Saha, Evelyn De Groot, Lin Tan, Robert Sharp, Elizabeth S Anaya, Yafang Li, Holly Quang, Nooshin Saidi, Layla Abushamat, Christie M Ballantyne, Christopher I Amos, Philip L Lorenzi, Samuel Klein, Xia Gao, Sean M Hartig

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

N-acetylaspartate (NAA), the brain’s second most abundant metabolite, provides essential substrates for myelination through its hydrolysis. However, activities and physiological roles of NAA in other tissues remain unknown. Here, we show aspartoacylase (ASPA) expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) governs systemic NAA levels for postprandial body temperature regulation. Proteomics and mass spectrometry revealed NAA accumulation in WAT of Aspa knockout mice stimulated the pentose phosphate pathway and pyrimidine production. Stable isotope tracing confirmed higher incorporation of glucose-derived carbon into pyrimidine metabolites in Aspa knockout cells. Additionally, serum NAA positively correlates with the pyrimidine intermediate orotidine and this relationship predicted lower …

Integrating Genetic Regulation And Single-Cell Expression With Gwas Prioritizes Causal Genes And Cell Types For Glaucoma, Andrew R Hamel, Wenjun Yan, John M Rouhana, Aboozar Monovarfeshani, Xinyi Jiang, Puja A Mehta, Jayshree Advani, Yuyang Luo, Qingnan Liang, Skanda Rajasundaram, Arushi Shrivastava, Katherine Duchinski, Sreekar Mantena, Jiali Wang, Tavé Van Zyl, Louis R Pasquale, Anand Swaroop, Puya Gharahkhani, Anthony P Khawaja, Stuart Macgregor, Rui Chen, Veronique Vitart, Joshua R Sanes, Janey L Wiggs, Ayellet V Segrè

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), characterized by retinal ganglion cell death, is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. However, its molecular and cellular causes are not well understood. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor, but many patients have normal IOP. Colocalization and Mendelian randomization analysis of >240 POAG and IOP genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci and overlapping expression and splicing quantitative trait loci (e/sQTLs) in 49 GTEx tissues and retina prioritizes causal genes for 60% of loci. These genes are enriched in pathways implicated in extracellular matrix organization, cell adhesion, and vascular development. Analysis of single-nucleus RNA-seq …

Hubungan Antara Fear Of Falling Dengan Aktivitas Fisik Pada Lansia Di Panti Jompo, Inez Deviantika, Farahdina Bachtiar, Ika Fitri Wulan Dhari, Andy Sirada

Jurnal Vokasi Indonesia

Pada lanjut usia (lansia), terjadinya perubahan fisik akan mempengaruhi proses aktivitas fisiknya. Salah satu faktor yang menjadi faktor terhambatnya aktivitas fisik adalah rasa takut jatuh, dimana hal ini dapat timbul dari pengalaman yang dirasakan lansia. Lansia akan menghindari aktivitas yang menimbulkan risiko jatuh bagi dirinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara fear of falling dan aktivitas fisik pada lansia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross sectional dengan pendekatan korelasi di Panti Jompo Hajjah Andi Hasmah Noor Jakarta. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Physical Activities Scale For Elderly (PASE-I) dan Modified Falls Efficacy Indonesian Scale (FES-I). Berdasarkan hasil …

Perceived Influence Of Career And Technical Student Organizations On Postsecondary Choices, Deborah K. Marshall

Doctor of Education Program Dissertations

The purpose of this basic qualitative research study was to explore the perceptions of former career and technical student organization (CTSO) members’ postsecondary choices relative to their involvement in CTSOs in a midsize city high school. The research question that guided this qualitative study was:

How do former participants in CTSOs describe the student organization’s influence on their postsecondary choices?

Thirteen former CTSO members participated in this study through semistructured individual interviews. Four themes emerged from the data: (a) use of soft skills, (b) engagement with others, (c) participation in conferences, and (d) leadership preparation. Through data analysis, the themes …

Exploring The Role Of Physical Activity Influencing Emotional Regulation And Mental Health In Adolescents, Alejandro G. Martinez, Lindsay Gietzen, Valerie F. Mcdaniel

Pacific Journal of Health

This research paper explores the intricate relationship between physical activity, emotional regulation, and mental health in adolescents through an in-depth content analysis grounded in catharsis theory and the transactional theory of stress and coping. It underscores physical activity as the best practice for adolescents to manage emotions and mental health, identifying key themes that highlight its role in enhancing emotional regulation skills and reducing anger, anxiety, and depression. The catharsis theory suggests physical activity releases negative emotions, while the transactional theory explores how adolescents perceive and respond to stressors. Emphasizing the positive impact of physical activity on emotional regulation and …

A Survey Of Proximal Sensilla Associated With Denticle Subrows On Scorpion Pedipalp Fingers (Arachnida: Scorpiones), With Observations On Scorpion Fluorescence, Graeme Lowe, Victor Fet

Euscorpius

Sensilla on the dentate margins of scorpion pedipalp fingers, associated with denticle subrows or terminal denticles, were surveyed by white light, UV fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. A total of 163 species belonging to 103 genera from 19 families were examined, representing all major phylogenetic lineages in the order. In the majority of species (141/152) with dentition organized into linear subrows of median denticles, a small socketed sensillum with a short shaft was observed at the proximal terminus of each subrow, termed a ‘subrow proximal sensilla’ (SPS). With few exceptions, SPS were non-fluorescent (‘Type N’) in buthids, and fluorescent (‘Type …

Research Update - January 2024, Office Of Research

Research Update

No abstract provided.

General Education Subcommittee Minutes 12-7-2023, Utah State University

Educational Policies Committee

• Call to Order - Matt Sanders
• Approval of Minutes- November2, 2023
• Course Approvals/Removals/Syllabi Approvals
• New Business
• Additional Items
• Adjourn: 9:26

Episode 7: Strange Bedfellows, Sara Gras

Season 01

In this episode I explore the various factions who, despite their different general ideologies, have united in advocating for the exclusion of trans kids from sports. My guests and I discuss why this presents such a challenge when working to educate and advocate around this issue. I also provide some additional details on one of the largest and most powerful organizations supporting exclusion.

Erin Buzuvis (Faculty Profile)
Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Professor of Law, Western New England School of Law

Kurt Weaver
Executive Director, You Can Play Project

Shira Berkowitz (Organizational Bio)
Senior Director …

Development Of An Anisotropic Hyperelastic Material Model For Porcine Colorectal Tissues, Youssef Fahmy, Mohamed B. Trabia, Brian Ward, Lucas Gallup, Mary Froehlich

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research

Many colonic surgeries include colorectal anastomoses whose leaks may be life-threatening, affecting thousands of patients annually. Various studies propose that mechanical interaction between the staples and neighboring tissues may play an important role in anastomotic leakage. Therefore, understanding the mechanical behavior of colorectal tissue is essential to characterizing the reasons for this type of failure. So far, experimental data characterizing the mechanical properties of colorectal tissue have been few and inconsistent, which has significantly limited understanding their behavior. This research proposes an approach to developing an anisotropic hyperelastic material model for colorectal tissues based on uniaxial testing of freshly harvested …

Gene Flow And Isolation In The Arid Nearctic Revealed By Genomic Analyses Of Desert Spiny Lizards, Carlos J. Pavón-Vázquez, Qaantah Rana, Keaka Farleigh, Erika Crispo, Mimi Zeng, Jeevanie Liliah, Daniel Mulcahy, Alfredo Ascanio, Tereza Jezkova, Adam D. Leaché, Tomas Flouri, Ziheng Yang, Christopher Blair

Publications and Research

The opposing forces of gene flow and isolation are two major processes shaping genetic diversity. Understanding how these vary across space and time is necessary to identify the environmental features that promote diversification. The detection of considerable geographic structure in taxa from the arid Nearctic has prompted research into the drivers of isolation in the region. Several geographic features have been proposed as barriers to gene flow, including the Colorado River, Western Continental Divide, and a hypothetical Mid-Peninsular Seaway in Baja California. However, recent studies suggest that the role of barriers in genetic differentiation may have been overestimated when compared …

Modeling Methyl-Sensitive Transcription Factor Motifs With An Expanded Epigenetic Alphabet, Coby Viner, Charles A Ishak, James Johnson, Nicolas J Walker, Hui Shi, Marcela K Sjöberg-Herrera, Shu Yi Shen, Santana M Lardo, David J Adams, Anne C Ferguson-Smith, Daniel D De Carvalho, Sarah J Hainer, Timothy L Bailey, Michael M Hoffman

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Transcription factors bind DNA in specific sequence contexts. In addition to distinguishing one nucleobase from another, some transcription factors can distinguish between unmodified and modified bases. Current models of transcription factor binding tend not to take DNA modifications into account, while the recent few that do often have limitations. This makes a comprehensive and accurate profiling of transcription factor affinities difficult.

RESULTS: Here, we develop methods to identify transcription factor binding sites in modified DNA. Our models expand the standard A/C/G/T DNA alphabet to include cytosine modifications. We develop Cytomod to create modified genomic sequences and we also enhance …