Digital Commons Network^™

State Of Utah, Plaintiff / Appellee, V. Tianikumi Finau Defendant / Appellant.: Appellant’S Opening Brief

Utah Appeals Court Briefs

Appeal from convictions for three counts of forcible sexual abuse and one count of tampering with a witness, all second- degree felonies, in the Third Judicial District, Salt Lake County, the Honorable James Gardner presiding

Private Security And Public Police, Ben Grunwald, John Rappaport, Michael Berg

Coase-Sandor Institute for Law & Economics Research Paper Series

Private security officers outnumber police by a wide margin, and the gap may be growing. As cities have claimed to defund the police, many have quietly expanded their use of private security, reallocating spending from the public to the private sector. It is difficult to know what to make of these trends, largely because we know so little about what private security looks like on the ground. On one prevalent view of the facts, a shift from public to private security would mean little more than a change of uniform, as the two labor markets are deeply intertwined. Indeed, academics, …

Trade Secrecy's Information Paradox, Christopher Buccafusco, Jonathan S. Masur, Deepa Varadarajan

Coase-Sandor Institute for Law & Economics Research Paper Series

Trade secret law is meant to encourage socially beneficial behaviors by permitting firms to protect their investments in the creation of valuable information. In theory, the ability to protect valuable information will make firms more likely to create that information in the first instance. But the law can also be used to shield socially harmful behaviors from public oversight. Firms can assert trade secret protection to prevent journalists, watchdogs, and criminal defendants from learning whether they are engaged in dangerous, wrongful, or biased activity. Ideally, trade secret law should sort socially beneficial uses from socially harmful ones, permitting only the …

Public Accommodations Parlance, Grace Vedock

Michigan Law Review

Anxieties linger in the interstices of public accommodations law. 303 Creative LLC v. Elenis is the latest in a string of First Amendment cases that call into question the common law duties underpinning public accommodations doctrine. Many commentators have speculated about the decision’s immediate implications. But criticism of the decision is incomplete. This Note takes 303 Creative as a welcome opportunity to reevaluate basic assumptions about how property law operates in relation to constitutional norms. Beginning with the provocative assertion that no legal axiom is infallible, this Note examines permutations of public accommodations and First Amendment law as rhetorical threads …

Moving Forward Together: Asian Americans And Allyship In A Non-Black-And-White America, Harvey Gee

University of San Francisco Law Review

No abstract provided.

Trading Your Child’S Privacy Rights For Views And Sponsorships, Angel Guarneros

Mitchell Hamline Law Journal of Public Policy and Practice

No abstract provided.

Can Policing Be Purged Of White Supremacy? A First Amendment Inquiry, Jessica Tilton

Mitchell Hamline Law Journal of Public Policy and Practice

No abstract provided.

Failing To Close Pandora's Box: Why Motions To Suppress Are Inadequate As A Remedy For False Confessions, Christina G. Leung

University of San Francisco Law Review

No abstract provided.

Juvenile Coping And General Strain Theory, Peyton Conner Stephenson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to quantitatively assess the impact of victimization on behavioral and emotional outcomes among a sample of adolescents detained within the juvenile justice system. Specifically, the study focuses on understanding the relationship between reports of victimization (e.g., being beaten up or threatened) and maladaptive coping mechanisms, such as involvement in fighting. To do so, Agnew’s (1992) General Strain Theory (GST) and the Pains of Imprisonment are adopted as frameworks for understanding the role of strain or stressors in prompting deviant behavior as a coping mechanism. This study uses secondary data from the Northwestern Juvenile Project …

How The Police Released Body-Worn Camera Footage Matters, Angelo Kevin Brown

Faculty Publications

Body-worn cameras (BWC) policies can have a significant impact on police-community relations in various ways, which this chapter will examine. BWCs have been implemented internationally, especially in the developed world. This chapter will primarily focus on law enforcement policies within the United States of America (USA). BWCs have become very common among law enforcement officers, including police officers, sheriff deputies, state patrol, and federal agents. No national law forces law enforcement to wear BWCs. Since no national policy outlines when footage can or cannot be released to the public, which leaves states and municipalities to deal with the legality and …

Grasping The Third Rail: Restorative Justice And Violent Crime, Olwyn Conway

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

Restorative justice is a means of responding to harm— including criminal offenses—through active accountability and repair, rather than through passive punishment and isolation. While restorative justice has demonstrated potential to meaningfully improve processes and outcomes for individuals and communities, the implementation of restorative justice programs to address crime—both within and alongside the American criminal system—has been slow, limited, and misplaced. Programs are often directed at low-level, nonviolent offenses that involve little if any cognizable harm. This approach creates two problems. One, it risks net-widening: bringing more citizens under criminal surveillance and carceral control for minor offenses—further diluting the constitutional and …

The Trafficking Victims Protection Act: A Path To End Forced Prison Labor?, Eric Spiniello

NYLS Law Review

No abstract provided.

แนวทางการป้องกันการกระทำผิดเกี่ยวกับหนังสือเดินทางในประเทศไทย, อัจราภา ถนัดเดินข่าว

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

วิทยานิพนธ์เรื่องแนวทางการป้องกันการกระทำผิดเกี่ยวกับหนังสือเดินทาง ในประเทศไทย มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาสถานการณ์การกระทำผิดเกี่ยวกับหนังสือเดินทาง ในประเทศไทย พร้อมทั้งวิเคราะห์สภาพปัญหาด้านการป้องกันการกระทำผิดเกี่ยวกับ หนังสือเดินทาง เพื่อนำไปสู่แนวทางการป้องกันการกระทำผิดเกี่ยวกับหนังสือเดินทาง ในประเทศไทย โดยเป็นการศึกษาเชิงคุณภาพด้วยการวิจัยเอกสารและการสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึกจาก ผู้ให้ข้อมูลสำคัญ ประกอบด้วย เจ้าหน้าที่ตำรวจตรวจคนเข้าเมือง ระดับบริหารและ ระดับปฏิบัติการ จำนวนทั้งสิ้น 23 ท่าน ผลการศึกษาพบว่า สถานการณ์การกระทำผิดเกี่ยวกับหนังสือเดินทาง ในประเทศไทยที่สำคัญ ได้แก่ 1) รูปแบบการกระทำผิดเกี่ยวกับหนังสือเดินทางที่พบได้ทั่วไป 2) การกระทำผิดของแรงงาน 4 สัญชาติ 3) การใช้หนังสือเดินทางไทยโดยมิชอบ 4) การใช้ประเทศไทยเป็นทางผ่านในการกระทำผิดเกี่ยวกับหนังสือเดินทาง 5) ผลกระทบของการกระทำผิดต่อประเทศไทย และ 6) แนวโน้มการกระทำผิดและพฤติกรรมปกปิดตัวตนในประเทศไทย และเมื่อวิเคราะห์สภาพปัญหาด้านการป้องกันการกระทำผิดเกี่ยวกับหนังสือเดินทางในประเทศไทย พบสภาพปัญหา 7 ด้าน ได้แก่ 1) มุมมองของรัฐ 2) กฎหมาย 3) การบังคับใช้กฎหมาย 4) งบประมาณ 5) เทคโนโลยี 6) ความร่วมมือระหว่างประเทศ และ 7) บุคลากร ซึ่งภาพสะท้อนเหล่านี้นำไปสู่แนวทางการป้องกันการกระทำผิดเกี่ยวกับหนังสือเดินทางในประเทศไทย โดยผู้วิจัยเสนอให้สำนักงานตรวจคนเข้าเมืองจัดให้มีการฝึกอบรมแก่บุคลากร จัดตั้งศูนย์ข้อมูลหนังสือเดินทางอย่างเป็นทางการเพื่อสนับสนุนการทำงานแก่เจ้าหน้าที่ โดยเจ้าหน้าที่จะต้องมีความตระหนักในบทบาทหน้าที่ของตนอยู่เสมอ อีกทั้งการพัฒนาเทคโนโลยีด้านความปลอดภัย ที่เกี่ยวกับหนังสือเดินทางและงานตรวจคนเข้าเมืองจะช่วยเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพด้านความมั่นคง มากขึ้น รวมถึงการขยายผลการจับกุมที่จะช่วยป้องกันการกระทำความผิดซ้ำต่อไป

The Invisible Load Of Motherhood: Exploring Parental Stress Differences Among Caucasian And African American Mothers, Angena Mombrun

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

Parental stress can be defined as the perceptions and feelings that are experienced in a parental role because the demands that are related to the role are unable to be fulfilled with the resources that are available (Abidin, 1992). Research suggests that African American women may experience more parental stress than their Caucasian counterparts due to various factors (Coll & Pachter, 2002). However, there is not sufficient evidence to support this notion as the majority of research available on parenting stress is comprised of middle-class Caucasian women (Coll & Pachter, 2002; Nomaguchi & House, 2013). The purpose of this study …

ปัญหาและอุปสรรคของการบังคับใช้พระราชบัญญัติการไกล่เกลี่ยข้อพิพาท พ.ศ. 2562ในชั้นการสอบสวนคดีอาญา: กรณีศึกษากองบัญชาการตำรวจนครบาล, วิชญ์ภาส กตัญญูทิตา

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อวิเคราะห์สาเหตุของปัญหา อุปสรรค และข้อขัดข้องในการบังคับใช้พระราชบัญญัติการไกล่เกลี่ยข้อพิพาท พ.ศ. 2562 ในชั้นการสอบสวนของพนักงานสอบสวนในสังกัดกองบัญชาการตำรวจนครบาล โดยมุ่งเน้นศึกษาบริบทของกรุงเทพมหานคร ผู้วิจัยเลือกใช้วิธีการวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพโดยค้นคว้าข้อมูลเชิงเอกสาร และการสัมภาษณ์แบบกึ่งโครงสร้าง ซึ่งเป็นเก็บข้อมูลจากผู้ให้ข้อมูลสำคัญจำนวน 4 กลุ่ม ได้แก่ พนักงานสอบสวนที่มีประสบการณ์ในการปฏิบัติงานในกองบัญชาการตำรวจนครบาล ผู้ไกล่เกลี่ยที่มีหน้าที่ไกล่เกลี่ยในคดีอาญา พนักงานอัยการ และคณะกรรมาธิการร่างพระราชบัญญัติการไกล่เกลี่ยข้อพิพาท พ.ศ. 2562 ผลการวิจัยพบว่า ถึงแม้พระราชบัญญัติการไกล่เกลี่ยข้อพิพาท พ.ศ. 2562 มีเจตนารมณ์ในการลดภาระของระบบยุติธรรม ลดปริมาณคดีที่เข้าสู่ศาล และลดจำนวนผู้ต้องขังในเรือนจำ แต่ปัญหาที่พบคือพนักงานสอบสวนกลับไม่นำมาใช้จริงในทางปฏิบัติ เนื่องจากกระบวนการมีความซับซ้อนมากกว่าการดำเนินคดีโดยทั่วไป พนักงานสอบสวนขาดแรงจูงใจในการปฏิบัติโดยไม่ได้รับค่าตอบแทนจากการดำเนินสำนวนการไกล่เกลี่ย อีกทั้งประชาชนยังขาดความเข้าใจเกี่ยวกับกระบวนการไกล่เกลี่ยข้อพิพาท ซึ่งส่งผลให้พวกเขาไม่ยินยอมเข้าสู่กระบวนการไกล่เกลี่ยข้อพิพาท ดังนั้นสำนักงานตำรวจแห่งชาติจึงควรแก้ไขปัญหาโดยการให้ความรู้ประชาชน เพิ่มค่าตอบแทนให้กับพนักงานสอบสวน และจัดให้มีผู้ช่วยพนักงานสอบสวนเพื่อช่วยดำเนินการแทนพนักงานสอบสวน เพื่อเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพการทำงานและอันจะเป็นประโยชน์ต่อประชาชนต่อไป

Fair Cross Section And Tribal Jury Composition: Vawa 2022 Tribal Criminal Jurisdiction Series, Paula Hannaford-Agor, Steve Aycock

Faculty Publications

The Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013 (VAWA 2013) amended the Indian Civil Rights Act (ICRA) to ensure that non-Indian criminal defendants in Tribal courts have the right to a trial by an impartial jury that is drawn from sources that 1) “reflect a fair cross section of the community” and 2) “do not systematically exclude any distinctive group in the community, including non-Indians.” This requirement applies when a non-Indian who is criminally prosecuted in Tribal court faces possible imprisonment.

The implementation of these jury provisions has been a topic of discussion among the Inter-Tribal Working Group on Special …

Their Futures, So Full Of Dread: How Barefoot's Contamination Of The Death Penalty Trial Process Continues, Michael L. Perlin, Talia Roitberg Harmon, Maren Geiger, Moana Houde-Camirand

Articles & Chapters

Forty years ago, in its most roundly-criticized criminal procedure decision in modern history, the Supreme Court, in Barefoot v. Estelle (463 U.S. 880 (1983)), a decision premised on testimony by the responses to a hypothetical of a witness who had never directly evaluated the defendant, ruled that such testimony as to future dangerousness – testimony that had concluded there was a “100% chance” the defendant would commit more crimes if released into society -- was permissible. Over a stinging dissent by Justice Blackmun, the Supreme Court had ruled in Barefoot that it was not constitutional error for psychiatrists to testify …

The Impact Of Recreational Cannabinoid Legalization On Utilization In A Pregnant Population, Jacob Torres, Colton Miller, Michael Apostol, Jessica Gross, Jessie R. Maxwell

Pediatrics Research and Scholarship

BACKGROUND: Marijuana potency and utilization both continue to increase across the United States. While the overall prevalence of cannabinoid utilization during pregnancy has been surveyed in various studies, the direct impact of changing governmental policies on pregnancy use is less characterized. Thus, we aimed to investigate how the legalization of recreational cannabinoid products impacted use during pregnancy in the state of New Mexico.

METHODS: Participants who had a live birth during two study epochs were included: pre-legalization (Epoch 1: 1 January 2019-31 March 2021) and post-legalization (Epoch 2: 1 November 2021-30 November 2022). Participants were further divided into case group …

The Joyful Prosecutor: A More Empathetic And Balanced Approach, Reid, Melanie

Santa Clara Law Review

Over the years, prosecutors have been criticized for exhibiting aggressive, competitive traits while negotiating plea deals, investigating and preparing cases for trial, or arguing for their positions before, during, and after trial. Prosecutors are asked to interact with others in a highly adversarial criminal justice system on a daily basis on top of working in a highly competitive environment back in their own offices. This environment makes it difficult for a prosecutor to see the opposing party through a more compassionate lens. However, rather than continually focusing on how “bad” prosecutors can be and how to punish their misconduct, this …

Defining And Evaluating Quality In Early Childhood Education, Abigail Jacob, Anna Nayyir, Vaughn Nebbitt, Nate Terrell

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

Quality early childhood education is essential to ensure that children grow into well-adjusted, healthy, and happy adults. Early childhood is considered a child’s first five years before kindergarten, and nearly 90% of brain development occurs in these five short years (Brain Development, n.d.). According to the Kentucky Governor’s Office of Early Childhood, preschool attendance decreases the likelihood that the child will drop out of high school, be held back a grade, or be placed in special education (Importance of Early, n.d.). Not only does early childhood education benefit the child, but it can also positively influence society. Early childhood education …

Racial Disparities In Plea Bargaining: An Examination Of Coercive Dynamics In The Negotiation Process, Naszya Iman Heidi Bradshaw

Scripps Senior Theses

This research addresses the enduring concerns about the ethical and legal intricacies of coercion in plea bargaining within the U.S. criminal justice system, with a focus on its correlation with racial disparities. This study acknowledges an existing research gap in comprehending the subtle dynamics of coercion and its differential impact on Black and Latin individuals. By employing the Cumulative Disadvantage Theory and Dual Processing Theory, the research aims to investigate the differential susceptibility to coercion during plea bargaining among individuals from Black and Latin communities compared to their white counterparts. Variables such as the severity of criminal charges, the quality …

No Monsanto: Exploring The Prosecution Of Companies For Environmental Crimes Under The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, And Rodenticide Act, Dr. Joshua Ozymy, Dr. Melissa Jarrell Ozymy

University of San Francisco Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Childhood Sexual Assault Pandemic: California Must Do Better, Monica Chinchilla

University of San Francisco Law Review

No abstract provided.

Measuring The Unmeasurable: Foreign Aid And The Rule Of Law, Natallia Karkanitsa

Celebrating WCL Student Authors

This article provides an analysis of the international indexes and rankings that assess and compare the rule of law globally. It first starts with a discussion on the necessity of the international measurements of the rule of law in context of the foreign aid allocation to developing countries. Then, this article defines the rule of law and explains its relationship with governance and human rights. This article further reviews three rule of law indexes from the World Bank, the World Justice Project, and Bertelsmann Stiftung and Sustainable Development Solutions Network, using the position of Belarus in these measurements as a …

The Effect Of Early Intervention On Reducing Recidivism, Claire Meyer

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The current punishment-based system has not led to promising recidivism rates showing the lack of effect it has on changing behavior. By working to understand the effect interventions can have on reducing recidivism, society can improve the criminal justice system. The intention of this paper is to show the benefits of moving to a system focused on rehabilitation instead of punishment, specifically for juvenile offenders. By conducting a literature review of available research, it can be seen that an incarceration-based system is not as effective as the implementation of intervention and prevention methods can be. Cognitive behavioral therapy and community-based …

The Midwest Feminist Papers: A Facsimile Edition 1980–1997. Part I (1980–1983), Mary Jo Deegan, Michael R. Hill

Zea E-Books Collection

Mary Jo Deegan and Michael R. Hill, compilers. The Midwest Feminist Papers: A Facsimile Edition 1980–1997, with prefaces and author indices by Mary Jo Deegan and Michael R. Hill. 3 volumes: Part I (1980–1983)

The Midwest Feminist Papers was a creative, group-generated initiative that gave voice to the scholarly questions, research interests, and social concerns of a growing cohort of Midwestern feminist sociology graduate students and their feminist faculty mentors during the last quarter of the Twentieth Century. They were active members of Midwest Sociologists for Women in Society, a regional expression of the larger national Sociologists for Women …

The Seven Elements Of Dispute Systems Design, Lisa K. Dicker, Neil Mcgaraghan

Faculty Publications

In this article, clinical instructors at the Harvard Law School Dispute Systems Design (“DSD”) Clinic propose adapting an old analytical framework — The Seven Elements of Interest-Based Negotiation — for a new context, dispute systems design (“DSD”). A relatively young field, DSD is the “applied art and science of designing the means to prevent, manage, and resolve streams of disputes or conflict.” DSD can feel broad and opaque to newcomers and thus is in need of a foundational framework, especially for beginners. The Seven Elements of DSD — alternatives, interests, options, criteria, communication, relationship, and commitment — can serve a …

Distorted Narratives In The Treatment Program Complex, Evelyn Lia Malavé

Faculty Publications

Problem-solving courts and alternatives to incarceration have been both celebrated as successful attempts to address the factors that lead to defendants’ involvement in the criminal legal system and critiqued as ineffective reforms that worsen mass incarceration. Specifically, critiques of the “treatment program complex” have tended to focus on how it harms defendants by exposing them to higher levels of incarceration if they fail to complete court mandates. But these critiques have failed to account for another way the treatment program complex harms defendants: by suppressing their voices regarding what kind of help they need and how they are affected by …

A Critical Race Theory Analysis Of Critical Race Theory Bans, Caroline Mala Corbin

Articles

A majority of state legislatures have introduced bills prohibiting public schools from teaching certain "divisive concepts" attributed to critical race theory (CRT), with at least fifteen states successfully enacting them. This Article applies a critical race theory analysis to these critical race theory bans, finding that the bans embody white privilege and especially its companion, white fragility.

After providing a primer on critical race theory, Part I explains how the state bans profoundly misunderstand critical race theory, which focuses on how systems and institutions reproduce racial inequality. These bans, however, assume that racism is individual, intentional, and rare, and that …

African American Adolescent Suicidality And Prevention From An Urban School Counselor Perspective, Shannon Franklin

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

African American adolescent suicidality has become more prevalent, and urban school counselors are positioned uniquely to intervene. This research studied the overarching societal factors in the sociocultural, economic, and political spheres that influence increased suicidality behaviors in African American adolescents from the perspective of urban school counselors. The focus of this research was to hear the lived experiences of urban school counselors regarding the impact of racial discrimination on African American adolescent suicidality. The two theoretical frameworks that were used to support this study are the world-systems analysis theory and critical race theory. This study took a qualitative phenomenological approach …