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2024

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Righting In The Novel Form: Memories Of The State Of Exception And Non-Juridical Rights In Ruth Firmeza's Gera, José Duke Bagulaya Dec 2024

Righting In The Novel Form: Memories Of The State Of Exception And Non-Juridical Rights In Ruth Firmeza's Gera, José Duke Bagulaya

Kritika Kultura

This monograph1 explores the relationship between human rights and literature through a reading of Ruth Firmeza’s novel Gera [War], which depicts the early years of the world’s longest non-international armed conflict: the communist insurgency in the Philippines. The monograph reads Gera as a literary representation of the state of exception and its corollary, righting—the people’s resistance under such juridical order. Through its discontinuous and episodic narrative consisting of short memories of the martial law years in the Philippines, the novel recalls the chaotic world of the state of exception. This is a world where law and time are suspended, rights …

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The Ecological Terrain Of Class War In The Cadre Poetry Of Mayamor / Maya Daniel / Roger Felix Salditos, Jose Monfred C. Sy Dec 2024

The Ecological Terrain Of Class War In The Cadre Poetry Of Mayamor / Maya Daniel / Roger Felix Salditos, Jose Monfred C. Sy

Kritika Kultura

In his cultural criticism, Edel Garcellano protests that literature is a politically partisan act in a “terrain of class war.” Cadre writings from “liberated” or “red” zones, Garcellano writes, demonstrate a clear partisanship with the peasants, workers, and other participants of the liberation struggle waged by the National Democratic movement in the Philippines. His commentary on the ideologization of writers invites us to investigate works produced in the context of the protracted people’s war to better understand the so-called “liberated consciousness” of cadre writers. Mobilizing Garcellano’s interpretive model of partisan symmetry between author and text, this paper critiques poems written …

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Assertions Of Truth Through Modes Of Fact And Fiction: Texts, Paratexts, And The "Autobiographical Pact" In Lualhati Abreu's Agaw-Dilim, Agaw-Liwanag And Mila Aguilar's The Nine Deaths Of M, Mary Grace R. Concepcion Dec 2024

Assertions Of Truth Through Modes Of Fact And Fiction: Texts, Paratexts, And The "Autobiographical Pact" In Lualhati Abreu's Agaw-Dilim, Agaw-Liwanag And Mila Aguilar's The Nine Deaths Of M, Mary Grace R. Concepcion

Kritika Kultura

Autobiographical narratives may resemble fictional narratives in textual form. Yet, autobiography differentiates itself from other literary genres through its truth-telling function. Autobiographies may be controversial as they expose contested historical events and reveal the private life of the author, who is established as the narrator. This paper examines the assertions of truth through modes of fact and fiction in Lualhati M. Abreu’s Agaw-dilim, Agaw-liwanag (2009) and Mila D. Aguilar’s The Nine Deaths of M (2013). They address sensitive events within the Philippine Left. Abreu recounts her own torture during the communist killings in Southern Tagalog under the Oplan Missing Link. …

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The Place Of Literary Criticism In The Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Praxis Of The Philippine National Democratic Movement, Lance Espejo Dec 2024

The Place Of Literary Criticism In The Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Praxis Of The Philippine National Democratic Movement, Lance Espejo

Kritika Kultura

For Marx, “The weapon of criticism cannot, of course, replace criticism of the weapon, material force must be overthrown by material force” (“A Contribution To The Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right”). Marx also says, “theory also becomes a material force as soon as it has gripped the masses.” It is this materialization of critical thought as theory which this paper expounds on. Marx says that this materialization happens in man himself, hence theory—or thought—is embodied. This paper, first, strives to expose the underlying class struggle which helps shape the discourse, which in this case, is literary criticism. Second, it …

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On Salvation, Bare Life, And Affective Politics In Raffy Lerma's Pieta, Vincent Pacheco Dec 2024

On Salvation, Bare Life, And Affective Politics In Raffy Lerma's Pieta, Vincent Pacheco

Kritika Kultura

Recent scholarship on Raffy Lerma’s Pietà is generally optimistic about the potential of the photograph to unravel state power and challenge normative perceptions of liberal democracy vis-à-vis populism. Contrary to these readings, I follow Vicente Rafael in speculating on “the limits of photographic intervention in the drug war” by suggesting that the Pietà, an image that is supposedly emblematic of liberal resistance, unwittingly reiterates Rodrigo Duterte’s necropolitical order. This gesture is an attempt to fulfill Jacques Rancière’s desire for a radical politics where we can freely question the very critiques that aim to expose and unravel Duterte’s aesthetic regime. My …

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Rainbow Guerrillas: Gay And Lesbian Narratives Inside The Revolutionary Movement In Mindanao, Jervy C. Briones Dec 2024

Rainbow Guerrillas: Gay And Lesbian Narratives Inside The Revolutionary Movement In Mindanao, Jervy C. Briones

Kritika Kultura

The LGBT community in the Philippines is tolerated but not accepted, as different forms of discrimination against this sector still exist. The founding of several LGBT organizations in the 1990s marked the emergence of an organized LGBT movement in the country. The same decade also witnessed the recognition of same-sex relationships and marriage by the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), which was an important development for the advancement of LGBT rights within the revolutionary movement. In this paper, I argue that the significant number of LGBT members within the movement necessitated the creation of revolutionary policies that reject gender …

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Reclaiming The Indigenous Body: Discourse, Social Media, And The Aesthetic Of Igorot Activism, Jose Kervin Cesar B. Calabias Dec 2024

Reclaiming The Indigenous Body: Discourse, Social Media, And The Aesthetic Of Igorot Activism, Jose Kervin Cesar B. Calabias

Kritika Kultura

This essay analyzes online activist media addressing the red-tagging and trumped-up criminal charges against members of the Cordillera Peoples Alliance in the wake of the Anti-Terror Law in 2020. Engaging with critical scholarship on the archiving, colonial discourse, and representation of the Igorot body, I argue that these online activist media published on the organization’s official Facebook account deploy strategic essentialism by subverting the colonially othered and criminalized marker of the savage-terrorist. The Igorot body is rendered as a quasi-heroic figure of the Igorot warrior who invokes and appropriates traditional bodily customs on warfare and gender relations to embody a …

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Models Of Revolutionary Action: The Kasama In Ang Bayan During The Anti-Dictatorship Struggle (1982-1985), Karlo Mikhail I. Mongaya Dec 2024

Models Of Revolutionary Action: The Kasama In Ang Bayan During The Anti-Dictatorship Struggle (1982-1985), Karlo Mikhail I. Mongaya

Kritika Kultura

This article discusses the concept of the kasama, or comrade, as articulated in Ang Bayan, the central organ of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), in the years 1982 to 1985. Critically reading Ang Bayan articles and related archival material, I look into the concrete articulation of comradeship in the Philippine experience during the height of the anti-dictatorship struggle against the Marcos dictatorship. I underscore the way kasama becomes fully intelligible as a collective subjectivity among those engaged in revolutionary struggle in juxtaposition to the figures of the masses, allies, and enemies of the people. I contemplate how this …

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Ang Walang-Hanggan Ay Narito: Ang Sinasabi Ng Pasaway Na Hangal Sa Maikling Imbestigasyon Ng Isang Mahabang Pangungulila Ni Edel Garcellano, Ivan Emil A. Labayne Dec 2024

Ang Walang-Hanggan Ay Narito: Ang Sinasabi Ng Pasaway Na Hangal Sa Maikling Imbestigasyon Ng Isang Mahabang Pangungulila Ni Edel Garcellano, Ivan Emil A. Labayne

Kritika Kultura

Nagsimula ang Maikling Imbestigasyon ng Isang Mahabang Pangungulila sa isang pagtatakang nanghahamon: pagpapasalita sa isang “basag na salamin sa mata” (9). Susunod rito ang pagbanggit sa Aleph, sa “teolohiya ng Isa at Karamihan,” sa “istruktura ng DNA,” at, bago matapos ang unang pahina, kay Minerva (9). Ang sandamakmak na pagbabanggit na tulad ng mga ito ay hindi maikakailang isa sa mga dahilan kung bakit madalas ilarawan ang nobela bilang “pilosopikal” o “intelektwal.” Sa pagsusog rito, susuriin ng papel ang sala-salabid na kaisipang ipinasok sa akda, kung paano sila nag-uugnay-ugnay, at kung ano ang sinasabi at ginagawa ng mga ito sa …

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A Critique On The Practice Of Filial Piety In Confucian Culture, Donghyun Kim Dec 2024

A Critique On The Practice Of Filial Piety In Confucian Culture, Donghyun Kim

Kritika Kultura

The concept of filial piety has initially served as a social ethic in order to sustain the hierarchical family relationships in Confucian culture. Filial piety has also been implemented as an ideological weapon in an attempt to inculcate broader political virtue into the minds of people in Confucian culture. In essence, the everyday practice of filial piety denotes a mode of concrete ethical life, which fundamentally binds participants’ way of thinking to a particular tradition. However, such binding is not the result of a discursive procedure that provides a rational grounding to social and political authority. Given the difficulties with …

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Toward A Critique-Al Filipino Studies: Class, Nation, Writer, Jeffrey Arellano Cabusao Dec 2024

Toward A Critique-Al Filipino Studies: Class, Nation, Writer, Jeffrey Arellano Cabusao

Kritika Kultura

The continued appeal of postcolonial theory for Philippine studies/Filipino studies scholars in the twenty-first century begs the following questions: Is the Philippines postcolonial? Does the “post” in postcolonial signify the end of colonialism? What’s at stake in the application of postcolonial theory to the Filipino experience? This paper highlights three Filipino Marxist scholars—Delia D. Aguilar, Edel E. Garcellano, and E. San Juan, Jr.—for their theoretical interventions toward developing an alternative to postcoloniality, which is a strand of a larger body of post-theories in the academy (post-ality). Their alternative constitutes the emergence of a critique-al approach in Filipino studies—an approach that …

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Narrative Rupture As History, Or The Search For The "Missing Text" In Miguel Syjuco's Ilustrada And Gina Apostol's The Revolution According To Raymundo Mata, Dinah T. Roma Dec 2024

Narrative Rupture As History, Or The Search For The "Missing Text" In Miguel Syjuco's Ilustrada And Gina Apostol's The Revolution According To Raymundo Mata, Dinah T. Roma

Kritika Kultura

The search for the “missing text” is the central trope in Miguel Syjuco’s Ilustrado (2008) and Gina Apostol’s The Revolution According to Raymundo Mata (2009). In Ilustrado, the search for The Bridges Ablaze, the missing manuscript of the dead migrant Filipino writer Crispin Salvador propels the novel from beginning to end. In The Revolution According to Raymundo Mata, the tattered loose leaf pages from the diary of the half-blind revolutionary Raymundo Mata become the annotative focus of a psychoanalyst, a translator, and an editor. While the novels have received critical reviews, there have been no studies yet that look into …

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Forum Kritika In Honor Of Edel E. Garcellano, Mary Grace R. Concepcion, Maria Luisa Torres Reyes Dec 2024

Forum Kritika In Honor Of Edel E. Garcellano, Mary Grace R. Concepcion, Maria Luisa Torres Reyes

Kritika Kultura

Edel E. Garcellano, in First Person, Plural (1987), uses the generic terms “essay” and “reportage” to refer to a particular mode and method of critical writing and thinking which is usually reserved for the term Critique. In his book, Critique underpins the breadth and depth of his socially committed critical reading strategies: ideological deconstruction, textual subversion, thematic reflection, filmic incursion, and praxiological knowledge toward purposive intervention. An award-winning writer, critic, and activist, Garcellano, who died in April 2020, taught at the University of the Philippines and the Polytechnic University of the Philippines. He had been a major influence among his …

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A Morally Oriented Crusoe From The West To The East: Brain Text And The Formation Of A World Literature Canon, Haifeng Hui Dec 2024

A Morally Oriented Crusoe From The West To The East: Brain Text And The Formation Of A World Literature Canon, Haifeng Hui

Kritika Kultura

Robinson Crusoe is a world classic that has well transcended national and historical boundaries. Yet, its popularity with Anglophone and Chinese readers does not imply a similar interpretation of the protagonist and its moral lessons. From the perspective of readers’ reading expectations and interpretations, the brain text of a literary work functions as a negotiating agent in the interplay among the real author, the implied author, the implied reader, and the actual reader in the sense that it both projects prior understanding based on secondhand knowledge about the text and the framework of interpretation in the cognitive dimension during the …

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Ethical Literary Criticism And Ariel Sotelo Tabag's Panangsapul Iti Puraw A Kabalio, Mark Louie Tabunan Dec 2024

Ethical Literary Criticism And Ariel Sotelo Tabag's Panangsapul Iti Puraw A Kabalio, Mark Louie Tabunan

Kritika Kultura

Nie Zhenzhao’s ethical literary criticism provides a new take on ethics in literature, emphasizing the historicity of ethics and providing a new toolkit in understanding ethical dilemmas in literary texts. This article deploys ethical literary criticism in reading Panangsapul iti Puraw a Kabalio [Search for the White Horse], a marvelous realist novel by award-winning Ilokano writer Ariel Sotelo Tabag. Focusing on the ethical knots encountered by the four characters of the Tabaco clan, it examines the ethical choices they made against the backdrop of the ethical environments of the Second World War and the Martial Law period. Examining the life …

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Brain Text In Graphic Form: Ethical Identity And Ethical Choices In David Small's Stitches, Yun Lan Dec 2024

Brain Text In Graphic Form: Ethical Identity And Ethical Choices In David Small's Stitches, Yun Lan

Kritika Kultura

In the conceptual system of ethical literary criticism, “brain text” mainly accounts for literary production, reception, and circulation in connection with the moral dimension of literature. This paper1 attempts to broaden the application of brain text as well as ethical literary criticism through a detailed analysis of David Small’s graphic memoir Stitches. Comparing the life stories of David and his mother, we may find striking similarities: both fall victim to mental and physical violence inflicted by their family at a young age; however, their lives meet different ends. David eventually sets out on a promising journey towards becoming a writer …

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A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Teenager: Ethical Literary Criticism And David Mitchell's Black Swan Green, Jiayi Chen Dec 2024

A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Teenager: Ethical Literary Criticism And David Mitchell's Black Swan Green, Jiayi Chen

Kritika Kultura

Inspired by ethical literary criticism, this article1 attempts to bring to critical attention the ethical dimensions of Mitchell’s war writing in Black Swan Green. By analyzing the way in which Jason’s brain text in relation to war formulates and develops, this article tries to throw light on Mitchell’s strategy of approaching and reconsidering the causes and consequences of war from the perspective of a teenager. It is argued that Mitchell has exploited diverse expressive resources—the art of the fragmentary, for example—to break new ground for rethinking the wars that fade into history. Instead of portraying violent scenes where bloody battles …

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Brain Text Conversion And Cross-Cultural Integration: The Theatrical Adaptation And Performance Of Shakespeare's Comedies In China, Hui Su Dec 2024

Brain Text Conversion And Cross-Cultural Integration: The Theatrical Adaptation And Performance Of Shakespeare's Comedies In China, Hui Su

Kritika Kultura

By taking the concept of brain text, this paper1 attempts to illustrate that Falling Man by Don DeLillo is an exemplar of how brain text(s) can be processed into literary text(s). Firstly, this paper extends Nie’s concept to include four types of brain texts, namely, those pertaining to characters, readers, society, and writers, then probes into DeLillo’s trauma writing by showing how DeLillo (re)represents different characters’ brain texts in the novel. The silence and loud voice of Drew’s photo “The Falling Man” function to simulate and build up readers’ brain text, and DeLillo’s criticism of “us-them” ideology as society’s brain …

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Multiple Brain Texts And Trauma Writing: In Don Delillo's Falling Man, Qingji He Dec 2024

Multiple Brain Texts And Trauma Writing: In Don Delillo's Falling Man, Qingji He

Kritika Kultura

By taking the concept of brain text, this paper1 attempts to illustrate that Falling Man by Don DeLillo is an exemplar of how brain text(s) can be processed into literary text(s). Firstly, this paper extends Nie’s concept to include four types of brain texts, namely, those pertaining to characters, readers, society, and writers, then probes into DeLillo’s trauma writing by showing how DeLillo (re)represents different characters’ brain texts in the novel. The silence and loud voice of Drew’s photo “The Falling Man” function to simulate and build up readers’ brain text, and DeLillo’s criticism of “us-them” ideology as society’s brain …

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Monsignor Quixote Rides Again: The Beginning Of Graham Greene's Holidays In Spain, Carlos Villar Flor Dec 2024

Monsignor Quixote Rides Again: The Beginning Of Graham Greene's Holidays In Spain, Carlos Villar Flor

Kritika Kultura

The present paper sets out to reconstruct the first of Graham Greene’s fifteen trips through the Iberian Peninsula between 1976 and 1989, detailing the preparations, itinerary, anecdotes, companions, topics of conversation, and possible reflections in the author’s biography. The analysis of Greene’s peregrinations in Spain with Leopoldo Durán offers insights into the genesis and resonances of his most Hispanic novel, Monsignor Quixote, which over time he regarded as the most accomplished work in his long bibliography. This paper will reveal the various contradictions and errors contained in Durán’s memoir, Graham Greene: Friend and Brother (1994), which until now has been …

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Introduction To The Forum Kritika On Ethical Literary Criticism, Brain Text, And New Readings Of World Literature Part Ii: In Honor Of Zhenzhao Nie, Biwu Shang, Maria Luisa Torres Reyes Dec 2024

Introduction To The Forum Kritika On Ethical Literary Criticism, Brain Text, And New Readings Of World Literature Part Ii: In Honor Of Zhenzhao Nie, Biwu Shang, Maria Luisa Torres Reyes

Kritika Kultura

This special section of Kritika Kultura is the second of two parts on “Ethical Literary Criticism, Brain Text, and New Readings of World Literature”; the first part appeared in Kritika Kultura no. 37, 2021. This part follows up from the first in offering diversified perspectives on brain text and ethical literary criticism, ranging from theoretical exploration to critical practice, from traumatic theory to moral philosophy, and from fiction to drama. Despite their respective emphases on relevant ethical issues, all papers collected in this forum attempt to do new readings of literary texts and unpack the ethical implications constituting their subtexts. …

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Relational Nation: The Appreciation Of Characters In Rizal's Noli Me Tángere In Two Philippine Public High Schools, Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr., Christian Jil R. Benitez, Ma. Elizabeth J. Macapagal Dec 2024

Relational Nation: The Appreciation Of Characters In Rizal's Noli Me Tángere In Two Philippine Public High Schools, Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr., Christian Jil R. Benitez, Ma. Elizabeth J. Macapagal

Kritika Kultura

In implementing the Rizal Law, the Department of Education’s K-12 Curriculum Guide emphasizes the study of characters in Rizal’s novels as a means to cultivate patriotism among the youth. In this light, this paper presents ethnographically how students from two public high schools in Rizal Province relate with characters in Noli me tángere. In the classroom, these characters have developed a status akin to “real” historical beings. Concomitantly, students use tropes that connect these characters to their own lives, relationships, and understandings of the social world. The students’ relationships elicit moral standards for imagining the nation and embodying their own …

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Exploring Fan Passions Driving Consumer Engagement: The Case Of Philippine K-Pop And K-Drama Fans, Erik Paolo Capistrano, Michael Patent, Twila Bergania-De Vega Dec 2024

Exploring Fan Passions Driving Consumer Engagement: The Case Of Philippine K-Pop And K-Drama Fans, Erik Paolo Capistrano, Michael Patent, Twila Bergania-De Vega

Kritika Kultura

This research1 presents two main streams of discourse on managing an interesting cultural export product that has earned phenomenal worldwide attention: (1) The influence of fan passions on consumer engagement (CE) behaviors; and (2) the theoretical and practical value of perceiving CE as a process, analyzed within the context of the Hallyu, or Korean Wave, phenomenon, specifically for K-pop and K-drama fans. Analyzing 6,755 survey responses from Philippine fans, the multiple regression results find that fan passions are indeed favorably significant drivers of online CE behaviors of pop cultural content consumption, community formation, conversation making, and commerce behaviors. Furthermore, this …

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The Advanced Marginality Of The Ghetto Dwellers: Stigmatized Territory In Caryl Phillips's The Lost Child, Bahareh Nilforoshan, Bakhtiar Sadjadi Dec 2024

The Advanced Marginality Of The Ghetto Dwellers: Stigmatized Territory In Caryl Phillips's The Lost Child, Bahareh Nilforoshan, Bakhtiar Sadjadi

Kritika Kultura

Reading contemporary fiction through diverse disciplines appears to be a crucial part of recent narrative studies. The sociological approach to reading literary works provides a tenable framework for the analysis of fiction. Caryl Phillips’s The Lost Child demonstrates the characters’ obsession with their sense of belonging and identity through finding new facets in the post-war metropolis and through delving into the past and the present to find the lost children of the Empire, their identity, and roots. The present paper endeavors to explore the novel’s characters Monica, Tommy, and Ben through Loïc Wacquant’s conceptions of advanced marginality, territorial stigma, and …

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Editor's Introduction, Vincenz Serrano Dec 2024

Editor's Introduction, Vincenz Serrano

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

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Covid-19: Kritikal Na Pagsusuri Ng Diskurso Ng Kagawaran Ng Kalusugan Sa Unang Yugto Ng Pandemya Sa Pilipinas, Alona Jumaquio-Ardales, Nathaniel Oco Dec 2024

Covid-19: Kritikal Na Pagsusuri Ng Diskurso Ng Kagawaran Ng Kalusugan Sa Unang Yugto Ng Pandemya Sa Pilipinas, Alona Jumaquio-Ardales, Nathaniel Oco

Kritika Kultura

The paper contributed to the literature of COVID-19 in the Philippines by conducting an interdisciplinary study on the discourse of the Department of Health during the early phase of the pandemic in the country. The frame of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), the process of Human Language Technology (HLT), and the concept of Crisis Management (CM) were used in analyzing the press conferences and virtual pressers. There were 56 videos selected from 30 January to 30 May 2020 using the technique of Browsing, Linking, Shortlisting, and Focusing (BLSF). The results of the study showed that: (1) Filipino language was the medium …

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Front Matter, Kritika Kultura Dec 2024

Front Matter, Kritika Kultura

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

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An Introduction To The Afterlife Of "On The Road", Jinhyoung Lee Dec 2024

An Introduction To The Afterlife Of "On The Road", Jinhyoung Lee

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

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An English Translation Of "Tahir And Zohra," An Azerbaijini Love Dastan, Krishnavanie Shunmugam, Amin Amirdabbaghian, Shahla Naghiyeva Dec 2024

An English Translation Of "Tahir And Zohra," An Azerbaijini Love Dastan, Krishnavanie Shunmugam, Amin Amirdabbaghian, Shahla Naghiyeva

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

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Moments Of Truth And Lyrical Musings On Goa's Traumatic Process Of Decolonization: A Reading Of Surya And Monsoon By Vimala Devi, Cielo G. Festino Dec 2024

Moments Of Truth And Lyrical Musings On Goa's Traumatic Process Of Decolonization: A Reading Of Surya And Monsoon By Vimala Devi, Cielo G. Festino

Kritika Kultura

The aim of this paper is to analyze in counterpoint a selection of short stories from Monsoon and poems from Surya, both collections written by Vimala Devi, in light of theories concerning the intersection of trauma, narrative, and the postcolonial. This approach permits an understanding of effects produced by colonialism such as dispossession, forced migration, diaspora, segregation, racism, and political violence (Craps and Buelens 3). My analysis is carried out from a culture-bound perspective (3), which considers each case of colonial and postcolonial trauma not only as having its own singularities, but also as producing effects on the colonized cultures …

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