Digital Commons Network^™

Sculpting Success: The Importance Of Diet And Physical Activity To Support Skeletal Muscle Health During Weight Loss With New Generation Anti-Obesity Medications, Gregory J. Grosicki, Nikhil V. Dhurandhar, Jessica L. Unick, Shawn M. Arent Ph.D., Cscs*D, Fissn, Facsm, Fnak, J. Graham Thomas, Holly Lofton, Madelyn C. Shepherd, Jessica Kiel, Christopher Coleman, Satya S. Jonnalagadda

Faculty Publications

Obesity is a public health crisis, with prevalence rates tripling over the past 60 y. Although lifestyle modifications, such as diet and physical activity, remain the first-line treatments, recent anti-obesity medications (AOMs) have been shown to achieve greater reductions in body weight and fat mass. However, AOMs also reduce fat-free mass, including skeletal muscle, which has been demonstrated to account for 20% to 50% of total weight loss. This can equate to ∼6 kg or 10% of total lean mass after 12–18 mo, a loss comparable to a decade of human aging. Despite questions surrounding the clinical relevance of weight …

Calculation And Comparison Of Step Guidelines For Preschooler Physical Activity While Indoors, Halle Roman, Leanne M. Redman, Cody D. Neshteruk, Derek Hales, Brian Helsel, Chelsea L. Kracht

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Objectives: Preschooler physical activity (PA) is vital for growth and development. The World Health Organization PA guidelines state preschoolers should achieve ≥ 180 min/day of Total PA (TPA) of which ≥ 60 min is moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). A step/day recommendation to match these guidelines may be a more practical metric for caregivers to promote PA. The purpose of our investigation is to improve upon existing step recommendations by creating one for indoor-based activities, acknowledging where preschoolers spend most of their time, and various cut-points for PA. Methods: In a laboratory study (Aim 1), a validated direct observation protocol was used …

Table F: Daily Dietary Aluminum Consumption, Robert Yokel

Aluminum in Beverages and Foods: A Compilation

No abstract provided.

Table A: Temperature Influence On Aluminum Mobilization Into Beverages And Foods, Robert Yokel

Aluminum in Beverages and Foods: A Compilation

No abstract provided.

In Silico And Functional Analysis Identifies Key Gene Networks And Novel Gene Candidates In Obesity-Linked Human Visceral Fat, Lijin Wang, Pratap Veerabrahma Seshachalam, Ruiming Chua, Hongwen Zhou, Sun Lei, Sujoy Ghosh

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Objective: Visceral adiposity is associated with increased proinflammatory activity, insulin resistance, diabetes risk, and mortality rate. Numerous individual genes have been associated with obesity, but studies investigating gene regulatory networks in human visceral obesity have been lacking. Methods: We analyzed gene regulatory networks in human visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from 48 and 11 Chinese patients with and without obesity, respectively, using gene coexpression and gene regulatory network construction from RNA-sequencing data. We also conducted RNA interference-based functional tests on selected genes for effects on adipocyte differentiation. Results: A scale-free gene coexpression network was constructed from 360 differentially expressed genes between …

Healthy Lifestyle And Cardiac Rehabilitation For Weight Loss, Christoph Höchsmann, James L. Dorling, Carl J. Lavie, Peter T. Katzmarzyk

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Purpose of Review: Considerable current interest is directed at pharmacological agents for producing significant weight loss. However, healthy lifestyle choices can also lead to clinically meaningful weight loss and improvements in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Recent Findings: In this review, we summarize the recent research from our PROmoting Successful Weight Loss in Primary CarE in Louisiana (PROPEL) randomized controlled trial and review previous data on the potential benefits of cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training (CRET) programs to produce weight loss and improvements in CVD risk factors. Summary: Although obesity medications are becoming extremely attractive for secondary and even primary …

Metabolomic Fingerprints Of Medical Therapy Versus Bariatric Surgery In Patients With Obesity And Type 2 Diabetes: The Stampede Trial, Christopher L. Axelrod, Adithya Hari, Wagner S. Dantas, Sangeeta R. Kashyap, Philip R. Schauer, John P. Kirwan

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Objective: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) are effective procedures to treat and manage type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the underlying metabolic adaptations that mediate improvements in glucose homeostasis remain largely elusive. The purpose of this study was to identify metabolic signatures associated with biochemical resolution of T2D after medical therapy (MT) or bariatric surgery. Research Design and Methods: Plasma samples from 90 patients (age 49.9 ± 7.6 years; 57.7% female) randomly assigned to MT (n = 30), RYGB (n = 30), or SG (n = 30) were retrospectively subjected to untargeted metabolomic analysis using ultra performance liquid …

Salary Report, 2024 November, Eastern Michigan University

EMU Salary Reports

No abstract provided.

Association Of Chronic Malnutrition, And Not Anemia, With Cognitive Development In Ethiopian Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study, Befikadu Tariku Gutema, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Sifray Batire, Tadiwos Hailu Zewdie, Bruno Levecke, Amina Abubakar, Stefaan De Henauw, Souheila Abbeddou

Institute for Human Development, East Africa

This study assesses the associations between nutritional statusand cognitive development of schoolchildren. A unit increase inheight-for-age Z-score was associated with 0.12 SD, 0.08 SD and0.12 SD increase in standardized digit span, Raven’s coloredprogressive metrics, and performance index of visual searchtask, respectively. A unit increase in body-mass-index-for-ageZ-score was associated with 0.11 SD increase in standardizeddigit span. Hemoglobin concentration was not associated withany of the cognitive outcomes. Chronic malnutrition was asso-ciated with cognitive development in schoolchildren while thin-ness and hemoglobin concentrations were associated withselected or no cognitive outcomes, respectively.

Unl Emeriti And Retirees Association Newsletter, November 2024

UNL Emeriti and Retirees Association: Newsletters and Other Materials

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Emeriti and Retirees Association Newsletter, November 2024

Aging In Hanover: A Community Needs Assessment, Caitlin E. Coyle, Beth Rouleau, Ceara Somerville

Center for Social and Demographic Research on Aging Publications

This report describes research undertaken by the Center for Social & Demographic Research on Aging (CSDRA), within the Gerontology Institute at the University of Massachusetts Boston, on behalf of the Town of Hanover. The report supports the Council on Aging’s objective to identify and serve the needs of residents age 55 and older. The contents of this report are meant to inform the Town of Hanover, the Hanover Council on Aging (COA), the Senior Center, and organizations that work with and on behalf of older residents of Hanover for the purposes of COA mission fulfillment alongside planning and coordination of …

Identifying Ordinal Categories For The Water Insecurity Experiences Scales, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Hilary J. Bethancourt, Joshua D. Miller, Sera L. Young, The Household Water Insecurity Experiences Scales (Hwise)-Research Coordination Network (Rcn)

Faculty Publications

The Household Water Insecurity Experiences (HWISE) and Individual Water Insecurity Experiences (IWISE) Scales are globally suitable tools for comparably measuring water insecurity experiences among households and adults, respectively. The potential range for HWISE and IWISE scores is 0–36. When the WISE Scales were first published, scores of 12 and higher were considered indicative of water insecurity, but additional cut-points are needed to provide more nuanced insights. We therefore sought to develop a practical set of cut-points for the WISE Scales using HWISE data from 13 sites across 12 countries (n = 3,293) and nationally representative samples of IWISE data …

Pre-Plant Fertiliser For Brassica Crops On Loams, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Horticulture factsheets

Fertiliser is a major input cost in vegetable production along with labour and seedling costs. Optimising fertiliser rates and application methods is important to gain maximum benefit. The following information is based on trials carried out from 2008 to 2010 on broccoli and cauliflower crops grown in karri loams at Manjimup, about 300 kilometres south-west of Perth, Western Australia.

Trial results indicate that changes can be made to rates and application methods to optimise fertiliser use. Changes to application methods include strip incorporation of granular fertilisers and the potential for using liquid phosphorus for pre-transplant application.

Genetic Alterations In Chromatin Regulatory Genes In Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma And Urothelial Bladder Cancer., Shuo Wang, Xuzhi Yan, Weihua Lan, Yapeng Wang, Ze Wang, Dali Tong, Yao Zhang, Qiang Ran, Haoyang Li, Junhao Jin, Haiyang Xiao, Jing Xu, Qian Yan, Dianzheng Zhang, Qiang Ma, Hualiang Xiao, Jun Qin, Luofu Wang, Jun Jiang, Qiuli Liu

PCOM Scholarly Works

PURPOSE: Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) share histomorphological and therapeutic features but distinct epidemiologic and clinicopathologic characteristics. We examined alterations of chromatin regulatory genes in molecular subtypes, clonal relatedness, and T-cell receptor (TCR) diversity in UTUC and UCB.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Targeted next-generation sequencing or whole-exome DNA sequencing and TCR sequencing were conducted with 34 UTUC and 49 UCB specimens from 63 patients. Tumors were subtyped based on the expression of CK5 and GATA3. Results of tissue microarray of 78 muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) samples were used as prognostic factors of different subtypes …

Tap Vs. Bottled Water, Robert Yokel

Aluminum in Beverages and Foods: A Compilation

No abstract provided.

Oolong Tea Infusion, Robert Yokel

Aluminum in Beverages and Foods: A Compilation

No abstract provided.

Yogurt, Robert Yokel

Aluminum in Beverages and Foods: A Compilation

No abstract provided.

Cephalopods (Cuttlefish, Octopus, And Squid), Robert Yokel

Aluminum in Beverages and Foods: A Compilation

No abstract provided.

Table F: Fluoride Influence On Aluminum Mobilization Into Beverages And Foods, Robert Yokel

Aluminum in Beverages and Foods: A Compilation

No abstract provided.

Coffee Beverage, Robert Yokel

Aluminum in Beverages and Foods: A Compilation

No abstract provided.

Surveillance For Surgical Site Infections Developed During Hospital Stay & After Discharge: A Multicentric Study, Sharad Srivastav, Surbhi Khurana, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay, Sheila N. Myatra

Open Access archive

Background & objectives: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are among the most prevalent healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs). They cause significant morbidity, leading to excess health expenditures and increased length of hospital stay. Despite a high population burden, data on post-discharge SSIs is lacking from low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). There is no existing surveillance system of SSIs in India that covers the post-discharge period. Therefore, we proposed a multicentric analysis to estimate the proportion and identify the risk factors associated with SSIs occurring during hospital stay and after discharge. Methods: SSI Surveillance was conducted in three hospitals in different parts of India according …

Designing A Decision-Support Tool For Fertilizer Recommendations In Oil Palm Smallholders, Rana Farrasati

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), originally from West Africa, now accounts for 42% of global vegetable oil production and mainly includes key regions cultivated in tropical regions of Southeast Asia, West Africa, South America, and Central America. Despite its economic significance, the oil palm industry faces challenges of stagnant yields and large yield gaps, particularly among independent smallholders. These issues often stem from inadequate nutrient management practices and limited agronomic knowledge. Our objective was to quantify nutrient requirements for mature oil palm plantations as a basis to design a decision support tool (DST) for fertilizer recommendations. To do so, …

Ipydisp V2 Alias Dudutracker: A Web-Based Version, Komi Mensah Agboka, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Samira A. Mohamed, Sunday Ekesi

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

This study presents the updated version v2 of IpyDisp named DuduTracker which improves on the window-only-requirement of IpyDisp. The updated version is web-based that can be used in alternative operating systems like Ubuntu, Mac, Linux, and others. The update's effectiveness was also evaluated using a survey involving a diverse range of users including students, data analysts, and academic researchers from different age groups, geographical locations, and computer literacy levels. Areas for future enhancement were identified, primarily focused on making the software responsive to various screen types and improving certain interface aspects.

Seasonal Variation In Atp-Induced Retinal Damage In The Cone-Dominant 13-Lined Ground Squirrel, Owen R. Bowie, Hannah M. Follett, Ching Tzu Yu, Chloe Guillaume, Phyllis M. Summerfelt, Nicole Manfredonia, Jenna Grieshop, Dana K. Merriman, Sergey Tarima, Joseph Carroll

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose: To examine whether time of year (relative to hibernation emergence) influences the retinal degenerative effects of intravitreal injection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the 13-lined ground squirrel (13-LGS).

Methods: Eighteen (9 male, 9 female) 13-LGS in three experimental cohorts (early season, mid-season, late season) (n = 6 each) underwent baseline imaging using scanning light ophthalmoscopy (SLO) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Animals then received a 10-µL intravitreal injection of 0.723 M ATP, followed by OCT and SLO imaging at 3, 10, and 21 days. Adaptive optics SLO (AOSLO) was performed in animals without retinal damage after the 21-day …

The Ethics Of Unhealthy Food And Beverage Advertising To Children: A Bibliometric Analysis And Future Research Agenda, Parul Gupta, Ritu Srivastava, Shalini Jain, Shailendra P. Jain

American Business Review

The widely advertised category of unhealthy food and beverages (F&B) is calorie-dense, nutrient-poor, and associated with long-term harm, particularly for children. Business literature has been largely silent regarding the ethicality of its advertising targeting children and lacks clarity on questions future research needs to address. Based on a bibliometric analysis of 1,851 articles published between 1973 and 2021 containing 70,379 citations, we uncovered five intellectual clusters underlying research on the ethics of unhealthy F&B advertising to children (ATC). Importantly, we propose a concrete roadmap featuring actionable and pertinent unanswered questions to stimulate research in this crucial domain.

Effects Of Heat Moisture Treatment On Dietary Fiber Utilization By The Gut Microbiota, Yichen Bai

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The present study investigates the impact of heat moisture treatment (HMT) on the utilization of dietary fibers from red lentil hulls and wheat bran and its subsequent effect on gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid production. HMT significantly decreased the water absorption index in red lentil hulls but increased it in wheat bran. For resistant starch (RS), HMT elevated its content in red lentil hulls but diminished it in wheat bran. In terms of dietary fiber content, HMT increased soluble dietary fiber in red lentil hulls. However, carbohydrate utilization and SCFA production by gut microbiota did not significantly change after …

Targeted Study Of The Effect Of Yeast Strain On Volatile Compounds Produced In Sorghum Beer, Drew Budner, Joseph Carr, Brett Serafini, Samantha Tucker, Elisabeth Dieckman-Meyer, Lindsey Bell, Katherine A. Thompson-Witrick

Chemistry

An increase in the consumer demand and the availability of gluten-free products has led to several brewers investigating brewing with grains other than barley. The primary grain of choice has been sorghum. These new gluten-free beers have a unique flavor and aroma, which previous research has shown is the result of differences in concentration for key chemical compounds, including ethyl butyrate, butyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, ethyl caproate, hexyl acetate, 1-octanol, nonanal, ethyl octanoate, and ethyl decanoate. This study focused looked at the influence different strains of yeast had on the concentration of these key compounds. Beer was brewed using either …

Oceanic Breakthroughs: Marine-Derived Innovations In Vaccination, Therapy, And Immune Health, Chiara Gamberi, Chad L. Leverette, Alexis C. Davis, Moayad Ismail, Ilaria Piccialli, Nicola Borbone, Giorgia Oliviero, Caterina Vicidomini, Rosanna Palumbo, Giovanni N. Roviello

Biology

The vast, untapped potential of the world’s oceans is revealing groundbreaking advancements in human health and vaccination. Microalgae such as Nannochloropsis spp. and Dunaliella salina are emerging as resources for recombinant vaccine development with specific and heterologous genetic tools used to boost production of functional recombinant antigens in Dunaliella salina and Nannochloropsis spp. to induce immunoprotection. In humans, several antigens produced in microalgae have shown potential in combating diseases caused by the human papillomavirus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, influenza virus, Zika virus, Zaire Ebola virus, Plasmodium falciparum, and Staphylococcus aureus. For animals, microalgae-derived vaccine prototypes have been developed …

Development Of Fortified Blended Food Using Great Northern Bean, Aemiro Tadesse Zula

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Undernutrition is a global health challenge affecting people across all stages of life. While everyone is susceptible, certain groups face a significant burden. These include those living in poverty, young children, adolescents, older people, and lactating and pregnant women. Food insecurity is another primary global concern affecting billions of individuals worldwide and is closely associated with undernutrition. Implementing interventions to address these two significant global burdens is critical, and international organizations are playing a crucial role through food aid programs using Fortified Blended Foods such as corn-soy blend (CSB), corn-soy blend plus (CSB+), and corn-soy blend plus plus (CSB++). CSB+ …

Prediction Of Individual Weight Loss Using Supervised Learning: Findings From The CalerieTm 2 Study, Christina Glasbrenner, Christoph Höchsmann, Carl F. Pieper, Paulina Wasserfurth, James L. Dorling, Corby K. Martin, Leanne M. Redman, Karsten Koehler

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Background: Predicting individual weight loss (WL) responses to lifestyle interventions is challenging but might help practitioners and clinicians select the most promising approach for each individual. Objective: The primary aim of this study was to develop machine learning (ML) models to predict individual WL responses using only variables known before starting the intervention. In addition, we used ML to identify pre-intervention variables influencing the individual WL response. Methods: We used 12-mo data from the comprehensive assessment of long-term effects of reducing intake of energy (CALERIETM) phase 2 study, which aimed to analyze the long-term effects of caloric restriction on human …