Digital Commons Network^™

Parallel Use Of Low-Complexity Automated Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests On Respiratory Samples And Stool With Or Without Lateral Flow Lipoarabinomannan Assays To Detect Pulmonary Tuberculosis Disease In Children, Laura Olbrich, Alexander W Kay, Stephanie Bjerrum, Bada Yang, Johanna Åhsberg, Ruvandhi R Nathavitharana, Andreas Lundh, Maunank Shah, Devan Jaganath

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (diagnostic). The objectives are as follows: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of the parallel use of low-complexity automated nucleic acid amplification tests on respiratory and stool specimens in children and lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan amongst children with HIV versus each assay alone for detecting pulmonary tuberculosis. Secondary objectives To compare the diagnostic accuracy of low-complexity automated nucleic acid amplification tests on respiratory and stool specimens in combination versus each sample type alone. To investigate the following sources of heterogeneity: clinical setting, signs and symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis disease, screening positivity by chest …

Parallel Use Of Low-Complexity Automated Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests And Lateral Flow Urine Lipoarabinomannan Assays To Detect Tuberculosis Disease In Adults And Adolescents Living With Hiv, Stephanie Bjerrum, Bada Yang, Johanna Åhsberg, Ruvandhi R Nathavitharana, Laura Olbrich, Devan Jaganath, Alexander W Kay, Andreas Lundh, Maunank Shah

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (diagnostic). The objectives are as follows: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of parallel use of lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan on urine and low-complexity automated nucleic acid amplification tests on respiratory samples versus each test alone for detection of tuberculosis disease in adults and adolescents living with HIV who present with presumptive tuberculosis. Secondary objectives To investigate the following sources of heterogeneity: clinical setting; signs and symptoms of tuberculosis; screening positivity for tuberculosis disease by chest x-ray, C-reactive protein elevation, and molecular World Health Organization-recommended rapid diagnostics; seriously ill; advanced HIV; and CD4 …

Covid-19 Vaccination Uptake, Infection Rates, And Seropositivity Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness In The United States., Diane M. Santa Maria, Nikhil Padhye, Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner, Carolyn Z. Grimes, Adeline Nyamathi, Marguerita Lightfoot, Yasmeen Quadri, Mary E. Paul, Jennifer Torres Jones

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

People experiencing homelessness are at greater risk of exposure and poor health outcomes from COVID-19. Yet, little data exists on the prevalence and correlates of COVID-19 among homeless populations. To mitigate the spread and severity, uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine is needed. This can be challenging among youth experiencing homelessness who are more likely to be unvaccinated when compared to stably housed youth.

High All-Cause Mortality And Increasing Proportion Of Older Adults With Tuberculosis In Texas, 2008–2020, Belinda A Medrano, Miryoung Lee, Gretchen Gemeinhardt, Lana Yamba, Blanca I Restrepo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) elimination efforts must consider the global growth of the ageing population. Here we used TB surveillance data from Texas, United States (2008-2020; total n = 10656) to identify unique characteristics and outcomes in older adults (OA, ≥65 years) with PTB, compared to young adults (YA, 18-39 years) or middle-aged adults (40-64 years). We found that the proportion of OA with PTB increased from 15% in 2008 to 24% in 2020 (trend p < 0.05). Diabetes was highly prevalent in OA (32%) but not associated with adverse outcomes. Death was 13-fold higher in OA compared to YA and was 7% at the time of diagnosis which suggests diagnostic delays. However, once TB was suspected, we found no differences in culture, smear, or nucleic acid detection of mycobacteria (although less lung cavitations) in OA. During treatment, OA had less drug-resistant TB, few adverse reactions and adhered with TB treatment. We recommend training healthcare workers to 'think TB' in OA, for prompt treatment initiation to diminish deaths. Furthermore, OA should be added as a priority group to the latent TB treatment guidelines by the World Health Organization, to prevent TB disease in this highly vulnerable group.

Mosquito Species Composition And Host Choice At Two Zoological Parks In Texas, Ashley Aguilar

Masters Theses (Archived)

No abstract provided.

High All-Cause Mortality And Increasing Proportion Of Older Adults With Tuberculosis In Texas, 2008–2020, Belinda A. Medrano, Miryoung Lee, Gretchen L. Gemeinhardt, Lana Yamba, Blanca I. Restrepo

School of Medicine Publications

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) elimination efforts must consider the global growth of the ageing population. Here we used TB surveillance data from Texas, United States (2008–2020; total n = 10656) to identify unique characteristics and outcomes in older adults (OA, ≥65 years) with PTB, compared to young adults (YA, 18–39 years) or middle-aged adults (40–64 years). We found that the proportion of OA with PTB increased from 15% in 2008 to 24% in 2020 (trend p < 0.05). Diabetes was highly prevalent in OA (32%) but not associated with adverse outcomes. Death was 13-fold higher in OA compared to YA and was 7% at the time of diagnosis which suggests diagnostic delays. However, once TB was suspected, we found no differences in culture, smear, or nucleic acid detection of mycobacteria (although less lung cavitations) in OA. During treatment, OA had less drug-resistant TB, few adverse reactions and adhered with TB treatment. We recommend training healthcare workers to ‘think TB’ in OA, for prompt treatment initiation to diminish deaths. Furthermore, OA should be added as a priority group to the latent TB treatment guidelines by the World Health Organization, to prevent TB disease in this highly vulnerable group.

Words Matter: Ensuring The Inclusion Of Neurodivergent Populations In The Digital Surveillance Of Depression And Suicidal Ideation, Kathryn Egan

Dissertations - ALL

This research study investigates the linguistic characteristics of discourse related to depression and suicidal ideation among autistic women, with the aim of identifying potential biases in digital surveillance models. The inclusion of neurodivergent populations in such models is crucial for ensuring equitable representation and accurate understanding of mental health issues. Data was collected from Reddit, a popular online platform known for its diverse user-generated content. Specifically, two subreddits—r/AutismInWomen and r/aspergirls—dedicated to discussions regarding autism in women were utilized, alongside a general subreddit focused on depression (r/depression). The study employed qualitative methods such as human annotation and topic analysis using BERTopic …

Geometric-Templated Cardiac Organoids For Drug Developmental Toxicity Screening, Shiyang Sun

Dissertations - ALL

Nowadays 9 of every 10 women take at least one medicine during their pregnancy. However, unfortunately, many pregnant women have to face a severe problem that there is not enough evidence to prove the safety of their medication, and an appropriate medication might cause birth defects or even infant death. Researchers need an accurate and reliable drug developmental platform. Compared to the traditional animal and cell models, organoids have the ability to highly mimic the human organ developmental process, which allow researchers investigate the developmental toxicity to human development with organoid platform. The goal of this work is to explore …

Standard Rodent Diets Differentially Impact Alcohol Consumption, Preference, And Gut Microbiome Diversity, Aline Zaparte, Evan Dore, Selby White, Franciely Paliarin, Cameron Gabriel, Katherine Copenhaver, Samhita Basavanhalli, Emily Garcia, Rishith Vaddavalli, Meng Luo, Christopher M. Taylor, David Allen Welsh, Rajani Maiya

School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a complex and widespread disease with limited pharmacotherapies. Preclinical animal models of AUD use a variety of voluntary alcohol consumption procedures to recapitulate different phases of AUD, including binge alcohol consumption and dependence. However, voluntary alcohol consumption in mice is widely variable, making it difficult to reproduce results across labs. Accumulating evidence indicates that different brands of commercially available rodent chow can profoundly influence alcohol intake. In this study, we investigated the effects of three commercially available and widely used rodent diet formulations on alcohol consumption and preference in C57BL/6 J mice using the 24 …

Fixing A Hole: A Retrospective Cohort Study Evaluating Hav, Hbv, Tetanus Screening, And Vaccination During Hospitalization In Persons Who Use Substances, Amber C. Streifel, Jose Eduardo Rivera Sarti, Monica K. Sikka, Michael Conte, Bradie Winders, Cara D. Varley

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background:Rates of serious injection-related infections in persons who use drugs have increased. Resulting admissions are an opportunity for screening and vaccination of preventable infections such as hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and tetanus. Design and methods:We conducted a retrospective review of adults with documented substance use admitted for bacterial infection between July 2015 and March 2020. We evaluated HAV, HBV, and tetanus vaccination status at admission, along with screening for HAV and HBV infection and immunity. We identified the proportion of patients at risk for infection who received HAV, HBV, and tetanus vaccines during admission and patient-level …

School Nurses And Administrators Perceptions Of School Preparedness: A Focused Ethnography, Deborah Horton

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background: Disasters are dangerous for schools where many children are located in one area. Children were significantly impacted by a biological incident during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, and more recently the COVID-19 pandemic. Research is needed to determine the values, perceptions, and beliefs of school disaster preparedness through a cultural lens.

Methods: A focused ethnography was used to interview school administrators and nurses from April-December 2022 to explore and understand the unique culture of school disaster preparedness. Data was analyzed according to Leininger’s Four Phases of Data Analysis.

Results: Twenty-four participants from K-12 public schools were interviewed resulting in …

Impact Of An Electronic Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Catch-Up Module For Women With Criminal-Legal System Involvement, Shawana Moore

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Cervical cancer can often be prevented with targeted strategies such as Pap smear screenings and the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, now also recommended for those aged 27-45 who have not received the vaccine previously. However, women involved in the criminal-legal system often miss out on primary and secondary prevention measures and are at increased risk for the development of cervical cancer caused by HPV. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and acceptability of an electronic HPV catch-up module for women in the criminal-legal system aged 27-45. The study, guided by the Health Belief Model, …

Parental Factors Associated With Covid-19 Vaccine Uptake For Children Over 5 Years Of Age In Texas, Paula M Cuccaro, Jihye Choi, Yordanos M Tiruneh, Journey Martinez, Jing Xie, Michelle Crum, Mark Owens, Jose-Miguel Yamal

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The COVID-19 vaccine is safe and effective for children, yet parental hesitancy towards vaccinating children against the virus persists. We conducted a telephone-administered weighted survey in Texas to examine parents' sociodemographic factors and medical conditions associated with COVID-19 vaccination intention for parents with unvaccinated children ages 5-17 years. We collected responses from 19,502 participants, of which 4879 were parents of children ages 5-17 years. We conducted multiple logistic regression with Lasso-selected variables to identify factors associated with children's vaccination status and parents' intention to vaccinate their children. From the unweighted sample, less than half of the parents (46.8%) had at …

From Crisis To Aftermath: The Role Of Nursing Professional Development Educators During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Realist Case Study, Kimberly Kanner

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this qualitative, realistic inquiry case study was to examine and understand the experiences of NPD educators as they assisted new graduate nurses transitioning into clinical nursing practice during the COVID-19 pandemic in acute care hospitals in the state of New York. Moreover, this research study sought to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic brought about changes to the NPD educator's role and their ability to assist new graduate nurses transitioning into clinical practice post-pandemic. The sample included NPD educators from acute care hospitals in the state of New York. Data collection included semi-structured interviews and document collection. The …

Omani Camels From A Cultural And Genomics Perspective, Al Muatasim Al Zadjali

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Dromedarian camel, Camelus dromedarius, is native to the Arabian Peninsula, including the Sultanate of Oman. These camels are used for food, milk, as well as show and racing competitions. Despite their economic and cultural importance research on camels in Oman is limited. The goal of this study was to examine their genomic variation, relationship with camels in other parts of the Arabian Peninsula, and to determine if selective breeding has led to the establishment of distinct breeds in Oman. Information was compiled from multiple sources to produce a comprehensive review on the breeding, management, economic and cultural use, …

New Insights Into T Lymphocyte-Mediated Immunity To Toxoplasma Gondii, Claire Marie Doherty

Biology ETDs

With nearly a third of the global population infected with the protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii, this parasite sits at a unique, immune-mediated interface of health and disease. In healthy individuals, Toxoplasma results in a chronic yet asymptomatic infection of the central nervous system. This quiescent infection is the result of parasite exploitation of host immune barriers, yet Toxoplasma can quickly become an opportunistic pathogen when immunity is disrupted by illness or immunosuppressive therapies. During the HIV-AIDS pandemic, it was observed that once latent Toxoplasma infections became the cause of severe, even fatal, disease in the absence of an intact T …

Dnp Final Report: Central Line Dressing Change Regimen To Decrease Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections, Ann Campbell

DNP Final Reports

Central line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) are dangerous and costly occurrences in healthcare facilities. This evidence-based project's purpose is to implement interventions to reduce CLABSIs in a healthcare facility that has higher than the national average of reported cases. The practice problem PICOT question is: In inpatients with indwelling central venous access devices at the facility, (P) how does implementation of evidence-based guidelines for central line dressing changes every seven days and as needed (I) compared to the current practice of dressing changes on Fridays (C) affect CLABSI rates over a three-month period (O). The body of evidence obtained in …

May 10, 2024 Ereporter, University Of Alabama At Birmingham

eReporter (campus newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Metabolic Changes Enhance Necroptosis Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Mice Infected With Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Abhinav Vankayalapati, Olamipejo Durojaye, Tanmoy Mukherjee, Padmaja Paidipally, Bismark Owusu-Afriyie, Ramakrishna Vankayalapati, Rajesh Kumar Radhakrishnan

School of Medicine Faculty Publications and Presentations

Previously, we found that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice enhances inflammatory cytokine production which drives pathological immune responses and mortality. In the current study, using a T2DM Mtb infection mice model, we determined the mechanisms that make T2DM mice alveolar macrophages (AMs) more inflammatory upon Mtb infection. Among various cell death pathways, necroptosis is a major pathway involved in inflammatory cytokine production by T2DM mice AMs. AntiTNFR1 antibody treatment of Mtb-infected AMs from T2DM mice significantly reduced expression of receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) (necroptosis markers) and …

The Climate Moratorium, Keith H. Hirokawa, Cinnamon P. Carlarne

Texas A&M Law Review

Climate change is our new reality. The impacts of climatic changes, including massive forest fires, floods, drought, severe storms, saltwater intrusion, and the resulting migration of people displaced by such impacts, will continue to ravage communities across the nation into the foreseeable future. In the meantime, communities continue to expand and growth continues unabated in many of the most climate-impacted areas. Given that most communities are unprepared for the onslaught of climate disasters and many continue to increase existing community vulnerabilities through unsustainable growth and development practices, we need legal tools that will provide space to engage in effective adaptation …

Teachers' Perceptions Of Technology Professional Development And Implementation In An Urban Middle School: A Case Study, Valeria Williams

Dissertations

This qualitative case study focused on understanding teachers’ perceptions of technology-based professional development sessions and the impact of technology requirements on their decisions to remain in or exit the teaching profession. The study involved seven middle school teachers with varying teaching experience and technology backgrounds. Participants shared their insights through journals, interviews, and document notes, which were then organized into themes reflecting their responses to the research questions.

The findings revealed key themes such as the structure and availability of professional learning sessions, facilitators’ positive impact, teachers’ emotions during and after training, optional learning strategies, and how these factors influence …

Evaluation Of Fusobacterium Nucleatum Enoyl-Acp Reductase (Fabk) As A Narrow-Spectrum Drug Target, Jacob T Rutherford, Kristiana Avad, Chetna Dureja, Krissada Norseeda, Bibek Gc, Chenggang Wu, Dianqing Sun, Kirk E Hevener, Julian G Hurdle

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Fusobacterium nucleatum, a pathobiont inhabiting the oral cavity, contributes to opportunistic diseases, such as periodontal diseases and gastrointestinal cancers, which involve microbiota imbalance. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents, while effective against F. nucleatum infections, can exacerbate dysbiosis. This necessitates the discovery of more targeted narrow-spectrum antimicrobial agents. We therefore investigated the potential for the fusobacterial enoyl-ACP reductase II (ENR II) isoenzyme FnFabK (C4N14_ 04250) as a narrow-spectrum drug target. ENRs catalyze the rate-limiting step in the bacterial fatty acid synthesis pathway. Bioinformatics revealed that of the four distinct bacterial ENR isoforms, F. nucleatum specifically encodes FnFabK. Genetic studies revealed …

Identifying Immunogenic Pneumococcal Proteins With Roles In Colonization Of Human Epithelium, Abigail Cassibry

Theses and Dissertations

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a Gram positive opportunistic bacterium that is a primary cause of pneumonia in young children and immunocompromised individuals. This microorganism colonizes the nasopharynx of all age groups and health levels and is easily transmitted through respiratory droplets or aerosols. While capsule-based vaccines are available, these are becoming more obsolete as S. pneumoniae strains are undergoing serotype replacement, thus evading detection, and antibiotic resistant strains are increasing in prevalence. This study has taken a different approach by identifying immunogenic proteins that elicit antibodies which block attachment of bacteria to host epithelial cells. Proteins with the most potential …

Conservation At The Speed Of Light: Applications Of Non-Invasive Technologies For Assessing Physiological Phenomena In Amphibians, Li-Dunn Chen

Theses and Dissertations

The Anthropocene epoch in which we are currently living, also known as the Holocene, has brought about unprecedented losses in planet Earth’s biodiversity. Numerous extirpations of floral and faunal species have been influenced by human encroachment and more specifically, the exploitation of such species and the respective habitats in which they reside. It is this notion that has propelled many scientists to take up intellectual arms in an effort to protect these invaluable resources. The purpose of this research was to develop technologies to measure and evaluate various variables that influence animal physiology, specifically in amphibians who represent the most …

Effect Of Metaphylaxis In High-Risk Stocker Heifers On The Nasopharyngeal Microbiome, Resistome, And Antimicrobial Resistance Of Mannheimia Haemolytica, William Byrn Crosby

Theses and Dissertations

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the leading cause of morbidity in feeder and stocker cattle, resulting in large impacts on economics of stocker and feedlot operations. One of the most effective means of controlling BRD is the mass administration of antimicrobials (AM) at arrival or “metaphylaxis”, potentially leading to increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Mannheimia haemolytica (MH), the most commonly isolated bacterial pathogen in BRD cases in feedlot cattle, has been shown to have integrative-conjugative elements (ICE), which are mobile genetic elements that have the ability to integrate themselves in the host genome. Notably, these ICE have been shown to contain …

Collective Bodies And Individual Experiences: The Case Of Chamber Tomb Four At Nikoleika Aigio, Achaea, Greece​, Daniel David Dillon

Theses and Dissertations

The end of the Bronze Age was a tumultuous period throughout the Mediterranean, seeing the fall of the major palatial economy in Greece. This project seeks to reconstruct the lived experiences of individuals interred at the Nikoleika cemetery in eastern Achaea, utilizing a variety of methods to analyze biological profiles and pathological conditions. Through the analysis of the 55 burials of Chamber Tomb Four, it was found that low levels of pathology and the presence of locally-produced goods may emphasize the self-sufficient nature of Achaea during the Bronze Age. The osteobiographies of three primary burials also revealed a great deal …

Evaluating The Bull Breeding Soundness Evaluation’S Utility As A Tool For Preventing Reproductive Inefficiency, Todd Galen Gunderson

Theses and Dissertations

One of the most impactful challenges beef cow-calf producers face is the need to optimize reproductive efficiency. The ability of a veterinarian to identify potential sources of reproductive inefficiency is a valuable service they can offer. The breeding soundness evaluation (BSE) is one tool veterinarians use to identify subfertile bulls prior to use. This body of research shows that producers who have a defined breeding season have higher odds of hiring a veterinarian to perform BSEs, and that as breeding season length decreases, the probability of a management strategy that uses BSEs being profitable increases. Furthermore, not all veterinarians use …

Evaluating The Vertical Transmission Potential Of Salmonella Reading In Broiler Breeders, Abubakar Shitu Isah

Theses and Dissertations

Salmonellosis, a significant foodborne illness in humans, is caused by Salmonella, with poultry and poultry products acting as significant reservoirs and sources of human infection. Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Reading has recently emerged as a notable foodborne pathogen responsible for extensive multistate human outbreaks in North America. This study focused on evaluating the capacity of the emerged serotype to colonize broiler breeder reproductive tissues and potentially contaminate eggs, indicating the potential for vertical transmission. For this investigation, two Salmonella Reading strains were utilized, one associated with outbreaks and another non-outbreak strain. Both strains were initially modified with bioluminescent marker …

Disruptors And Resilience Capabilities Of Pharmaceutical Supply Chains Exposed To Rare Catastrophic Disasters: Case Studies Of One Localized And One Global Disaster, Jeanne-Marie Elizabeth Lawrence

Theses and Dissertations

In recent years, rare catastrophic disasters have triggered pharmaceutical supply chain disruptions, resulting in product shortages and other problems that have negatively impacted healthcare delivery. Since the health sector is part of many nations’ critical infrastructure, ensuring minimal disruption in the supporting supply chains is an essential aspect of national security. While traditional risk management approaches have proven adequate for handling independent routine operational risks, these methods are inadequate for infrequent disruptive risks that propagate further risks, producing a domino effect in complex systems. Since today’s pharmaceutical supply chains have many characteristics of complex systems, elucidating the disruptive risks and …

Evaluating The Effects Of Key Virulence-Associated Genes In Estimating The Virulence Of Escherichia Coli, Using Embryo Lethality Assay And Experimental Infection Studies, Fozol Korim Ovi

Theses and Dissertations

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes a wide range of diseases in chickens called colibacillosis, resulting a substantial economic loss to the poultry industry. This dissertation aims at addressing this disease by exploring key virulence-associated genes (VAGs), swarming motility (SM), and multi-locus sequence types (MLST) of E. coli isolates obtained from colibacillosis-infected or asymptomatic commercial hens. Secondly, by classifying the E. coli isolates into different virulence categories based on the presence of five key VAGs [iroN, ompT, hlyF, iutA, and iss]. Finally, by performing embryo lethality assays and experimental infection studies to establish the effect of these VAGs. Our findings …