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2024

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A Critique On The Practice Of Filial Piety In Confucian Culture, Donghyun Kim Dec 2024

A Critique On The Practice Of Filial Piety In Confucian Culture, Donghyun Kim

Kritika Kultura

The concept of filial piety has initially served as a social ethic in order to sustain the hierarchical family relationships in Confucian culture. Filial piety has also been implemented as an ideological weapon in an attempt to inculcate broader political virtue into the minds of people in Confucian culture. In essence, the everyday practice of filial piety denotes a mode of concrete ethical life, which fundamentally binds participants’ way of thinking to a particular tradition. However, such binding is not the result of a discursive procedure that provides a rational grounding to social and political authority. Given the difficulties with …


Toward A Critique-Al Filipino Studies: Class, Nation, Writer, Jeffrey Arellano Cabusao Dec 2024

Toward A Critique-Al Filipino Studies: Class, Nation, Writer, Jeffrey Arellano Cabusao

Kritika Kultura

The continued appeal of postcolonial theory for Philippine studies/Filipino studies scholars in the twenty-first century begs the following questions: Is the Philippines postcolonial? Does the “post” in postcolonial signify the end of colonialism? What’s at stake in the application of postcolonial theory to the Filipino experience? This paper highlights three Filipino Marxist scholars—Delia D. Aguilar, Edel E. Garcellano, and E. San Juan, Jr.—for their theoretical interventions toward developing an alternative to postcoloniality, which is a strand of a larger body of post-theories in the academy (post-ality). Their alternative constitutes the emergence of a critique-al approach in Filipino studies—an approach that …


Narrative Rupture As History, Or The Search For The "Missing Text" In Miguel Syjuco's Ilustrada And Gina Apostol's The Revolution According To Raymundo Mata, Dinah T. Roma Dec 2024

Narrative Rupture As History, Or The Search For The "Missing Text" In Miguel Syjuco's Ilustrada And Gina Apostol's The Revolution According To Raymundo Mata, Dinah T. Roma

Kritika Kultura

The search for the “missing text” is the central trope in Miguel Syjuco’s Ilustrado (2008) and Gina Apostol’s The Revolution According to Raymundo Mata (2009). In Ilustrado, the search for The Bridges Ablaze, the missing manuscript of the dead migrant Filipino writer Crispin Salvador propels the novel from beginning to end. In The Revolution According to Raymundo Mata, the tattered loose leaf pages from the diary of the half-blind revolutionary Raymundo Mata become the annotative focus of a psychoanalyst, a translator, and an editor. While the novels have received critical reviews, there have been no studies yet that look into …


Forum Kritika In Honor Of Edel E. Garcellano, Mary Grace R. Concepcion, Maria Luisa Torres Reyes Dec 2024

Forum Kritika In Honor Of Edel E. Garcellano, Mary Grace R. Concepcion, Maria Luisa Torres Reyes

Kritika Kultura

Edel E. Garcellano, in First Person, Plural (1987), uses the generic terms “essay” and “reportage” to refer to a particular mode and method of critical writing and thinking which is usually reserved for the term Critique. In his book, Critique underpins the breadth and depth of his socially committed critical reading strategies: ideological deconstruction, textual subversion, thematic reflection, filmic incursion, and praxiological knowledge toward purposive intervention. An award-winning writer, critic, and activist, Garcellano, who died in April 2020, taught at the University of the Philippines and the Polytechnic University of the Philippines. He had been a major influence among his …


How Animals Teach Us To Be Human: Brain Text And Post-Darwinian Animal Fable In Yann Martel's Life Of Pi, Xinyi Cao Dec 2024

How Animals Teach Us To Be Human: Brain Text And Post-Darwinian Animal Fable In Yann Martel's Life Of Pi, Xinyi Cao

Kritika Kultura

Animal fable, a genre that anthropomorphizes animals to convey moral lessons, demonstrates the possibility that animals can be tools to teach us to be ethical human beings. In this article1 I adopt ethical literary criticism, especially its conception of human-animal relations and the term brain text to investigate the role and place of animal fable in Yann Martel’s novel Life of Pi to explore how the post-Darwinian animal might be exploited by fabulists to tackle human reality. In the novel, brain texts of Pi as the storyteller reveal his intention to use stories as ethical interpretations of his experience which …


The Invention Of The Brain: Artificial Intelligence And Libidinal Symptomatology, Alex Taek-Gwang Lee Dec 2024

The Invention Of The Brain: Artificial Intelligence And Libidinal Symptomatology, Alex Taek-Gwang Lee

Kritika Kultura

In this essay, I discuss how the mechanical scan of the brain becomes to be identified with consciousness. For this purpose, I examine Angelo Mosso’s ergograph and its influence on modern psychology. The fundamental problem of his experiment lies in that nobody knows how he measured the blood flow in the brain. Mosso’s method to investigate the brain was unknown, but his description of the neural mechanism spread widely. However, Mosso’s basic assumption has not fundamentally changed, even in today’s neuroscientific context. The technological evolution offers more detailed images of the brain, but it does not necessarily allow us to …


A Morally Oriented Crusoe From The West To The East: Brain Text And The Formation Of A World Literature Canon, Haifeng Hui Dec 2024

A Morally Oriented Crusoe From The West To The East: Brain Text And The Formation Of A World Literature Canon, Haifeng Hui

Kritika Kultura

Robinson Crusoe is a world classic that has well transcended national and historical boundaries. Yet, its popularity with Anglophone and Chinese readers does not imply a similar interpretation of the protagonist and its moral lessons. From the perspective of readers’ reading expectations and interpretations, the brain text of a literary work functions as a negotiating agent in the interplay among the real author, the implied author, the implied reader, and the actual reader in the sense that it both projects prior understanding based on secondhand knowledge about the text and the framework of interpretation in the cognitive dimension during the …


Ethical Literary Criticism And Ariel Sotelo Tabag's Panangsapul Iti Puraw A Kabalio, Mark Louie Tabunan Dec 2024

Ethical Literary Criticism And Ariel Sotelo Tabag's Panangsapul Iti Puraw A Kabalio, Mark Louie Tabunan

Kritika Kultura

Nie Zhenzhao’s ethical literary criticism provides a new take on ethics in literature, emphasizing the historicity of ethics and providing a new toolkit in understanding ethical dilemmas in literary texts. This article deploys ethical literary criticism in reading Panangsapul iti Puraw a Kabalio [Search for the White Horse], a marvelous realist novel by award-winning Ilokano writer Ariel Sotelo Tabag. Focusing on the ethical knots encountered by the four characters of the Tabaco clan, it examines the ethical choices they made against the backdrop of the ethical environments of the Second World War and the Martial Law period. Examining the life …


Brain Text Conversion And Cross-Cultural Integration: The Theatrical Adaptation And Performance Of Shakespeare's Comedies In China, Hui Su Dec 2024

Brain Text Conversion And Cross-Cultural Integration: The Theatrical Adaptation And Performance Of Shakespeare's Comedies In China, Hui Su

Kritika Kultura

By taking the concept of brain text, this paper1 attempts to illustrate that Falling Man by Don DeLillo is an exemplar of how brain text(s) can be processed into literary text(s). Firstly, this paper extends Nie’s concept to include four types of brain texts, namely, those pertaining to characters, readers, society, and writers, then probes into DeLillo’s trauma writing by showing how DeLillo (re)represents different characters’ brain texts in the novel. The silence and loud voice of Drew’s photo “The Falling Man” function to simulate and build up readers’ brain text, and DeLillo’s criticism of “us-them” ideology as society’s brain …


A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Teenager: Ethical Literary Criticism And David Mitchell's Black Swan Green, Jiayi Chen Dec 2024

A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Teenager: Ethical Literary Criticism And David Mitchell's Black Swan Green, Jiayi Chen

Kritika Kultura

Inspired by ethical literary criticism, this article1 attempts to bring to critical attention the ethical dimensions of Mitchell’s war writing in Black Swan Green. By analyzing the way in which Jason’s brain text in relation to war formulates and develops, this article tries to throw light on Mitchell’s strategy of approaching and reconsidering the causes and consequences of war from the perspective of a teenager. It is argued that Mitchell has exploited diverse expressive resources—the art of the fragmentary, for example—to break new ground for rethinking the wars that fade into history. Instead of portraying violent scenes where bloody battles …


Multiple Brain Texts And Trauma Writing: In Don Delillo's Falling Man, Qingji He Dec 2024

Multiple Brain Texts And Trauma Writing: In Don Delillo's Falling Man, Qingji He

Kritika Kultura

By taking the concept of brain text, this paper1 attempts to illustrate that Falling Man by Don DeLillo is an exemplar of how brain text(s) can be processed into literary text(s). Firstly, this paper extends Nie’s concept to include four types of brain texts, namely, those pertaining to characters, readers, society, and writers, then probes into DeLillo’s trauma writing by showing how DeLillo (re)represents different characters’ brain texts in the novel. The silence and loud voice of Drew’s photo “The Falling Man” function to simulate and build up readers’ brain text, and DeLillo’s criticism of “us-them” ideology as society’s brain …


Introduction To The Forum Kritika On Ethical Literary Criticism, Brain Text, And New Readings Of World Literature Part Ii: In Honor Of Zhenzhao Nie, Biwu Shang, Maria Luisa Torres Reyes Dec 2024

Introduction To The Forum Kritika On Ethical Literary Criticism, Brain Text, And New Readings Of World Literature Part Ii: In Honor Of Zhenzhao Nie, Biwu Shang, Maria Luisa Torres Reyes

Kritika Kultura

This special section of Kritika Kultura is the second of two parts on “Ethical Literary Criticism, Brain Text, and New Readings of World Literature”; the first part appeared in Kritika Kultura no. 37, 2021. This part follows up from the first in offering diversified perspectives on brain text and ethical literary criticism, ranging from theoretical exploration to critical practice, from traumatic theory to moral philosophy, and from fiction to drama. Despite their respective emphases on relevant ethical issues, all papers collected in this forum attempt to do new readings of literary texts and unpack the ethical implications constituting their subtexts. …


Monsignor Quixote Rides Again: The Beginning Of Graham Greene's Holidays In Spain, Carlos Villar Flor Dec 2024

Monsignor Quixote Rides Again: The Beginning Of Graham Greene's Holidays In Spain, Carlos Villar Flor

Kritika Kultura

The present paper sets out to reconstruct the first of Graham Greene’s fifteen trips through the Iberian Peninsula between 1976 and 1989, detailing the preparations, itinerary, anecdotes, companions, topics of conversation, and possible reflections in the author’s biography. The analysis of Greene’s peregrinations in Spain with Leopoldo Durán offers insights into the genesis and resonances of his most Hispanic novel, Monsignor Quixote, which over time he regarded as the most accomplished work in his long bibliography. This paper will reveal the various contradictions and errors contained in Durán’s memoir, Graham Greene: Friend and Brother (1994), which until now has been …


Relational Nation: The Appreciation Of Characters In Rizal's Noli Me Tángere In Two Philippine Public High Schools, Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr., Christian Jil R. Benitez, Ma. Elizabeth J. Macapagal Dec 2024

Relational Nation: The Appreciation Of Characters In Rizal's Noli Me Tángere In Two Philippine Public High Schools, Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr., Christian Jil R. Benitez, Ma. Elizabeth J. Macapagal

Kritika Kultura

In implementing the Rizal Law, the Department of Education’s K-12 Curriculum Guide emphasizes the study of characters in Rizal’s novels as a means to cultivate patriotism among the youth. In this light, this paper presents ethnographically how students from two public high schools in Rizal Province relate with characters in Noli me tángere. In the classroom, these characters have developed a status akin to “real” historical beings. Concomitantly, students use tropes that connect these characters to their own lives, relationships, and understandings of the social world. The students’ relationships elicit moral standards for imagining the nation and embodying their own …


Exploring Fan Passions Driving Consumer Engagement: The Case Of Philippine K-Pop And K-Drama Fans, Erik Paolo Capistrano, Michael Patent, Twila Bergania-De Vega Dec 2024

Exploring Fan Passions Driving Consumer Engagement: The Case Of Philippine K-Pop And K-Drama Fans, Erik Paolo Capistrano, Michael Patent, Twila Bergania-De Vega

Kritika Kultura

This research1 presents two main streams of discourse on managing an interesting cultural export product that has earned phenomenal worldwide attention: (1) The influence of fan passions on consumer engagement (CE) behaviors; and (2) the theoretical and practical value of perceiving CE as a process, analyzed within the context of the Hallyu, or Korean Wave, phenomenon, specifically for K-pop and K-drama fans. Analyzing 6,755 survey responses from Philippine fans, the multiple regression results find that fan passions are indeed favorably significant drivers of online CE behaviors of pop cultural content consumption, community formation, conversation making, and commerce behaviors. Furthermore, this …


The Advanced Marginality Of The Ghetto Dwellers: Stigmatized Territory In Caryl Phillips's The Lost Child, Bahareh Nilforoshan, Bakhtiar Sadjadi Dec 2024

The Advanced Marginality Of The Ghetto Dwellers: Stigmatized Territory In Caryl Phillips's The Lost Child, Bahareh Nilforoshan, Bakhtiar Sadjadi

Kritika Kultura

Reading contemporary fiction through diverse disciplines appears to be a crucial part of recent narrative studies. The sociological approach to reading literary works provides a tenable framework for the analysis of fiction. Caryl Phillips’s The Lost Child demonstrates the characters’ obsession with their sense of belonging and identity through finding new facets in the post-war metropolis and through delving into the past and the present to find the lost children of the Empire, their identity, and roots. The present paper endeavors to explore the novel’s characters Monica, Tommy, and Ben through Loïc Wacquant’s conceptions of advanced marginality, territorial stigma, and …


Editor's Introduction, Vincenz Serrano Dec 2024

Editor's Introduction, Vincenz Serrano

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Covid-19: Kritikal Na Pagsusuri Ng Diskurso Ng Kagawaran Ng Kalusugan Sa Unang Yugto Ng Pandemya Sa Pilipinas, Alona Jumaquio-Ardales, Nathaniel Oco Dec 2024

Covid-19: Kritikal Na Pagsusuri Ng Diskurso Ng Kagawaran Ng Kalusugan Sa Unang Yugto Ng Pandemya Sa Pilipinas, Alona Jumaquio-Ardales, Nathaniel Oco

Kritika Kultura

The paper contributed to the literature of COVID-19 in the Philippines by conducting an interdisciplinary study on the discourse of the Department of Health during the early phase of the pandemic in the country. The frame of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), the process of Human Language Technology (HLT), and the concept of Crisis Management (CM) were used in analyzing the press conferences and virtual pressers. There were 56 videos selected from 30 January to 30 May 2020 using the technique of Browsing, Linking, Shortlisting, and Focusing (BLSF). The results of the study showed that: (1) Filipino language was the medium …


Front Matter, Kritika Kultura Dec 2024

Front Matter, Kritika Kultura

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


An Introduction To The Afterlife Of "On The Road", Jinhyoung Lee Dec 2024

An Introduction To The Afterlife Of "On The Road", Jinhyoung Lee

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


An English Translation Of "Tahir And Zohra," An Azerbaijini Love Dastan, Krishnavanie Shunmugam, Amin Amirdabbaghian, Shahla Naghiyeva Dec 2024

An English Translation Of "Tahir And Zohra," An Azerbaijini Love Dastan, Krishnavanie Shunmugam, Amin Amirdabbaghian, Shahla Naghiyeva

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Moments Of Truth And Lyrical Musings On Goa's Traumatic Process Of Decolonization: A Reading Of Surya And Monsoon By Vimala Devi, Cielo G. Festino Dec 2024

Moments Of Truth And Lyrical Musings On Goa's Traumatic Process Of Decolonization: A Reading Of Surya And Monsoon By Vimala Devi, Cielo G. Festino

Kritika Kultura

The aim of this paper is to analyze in counterpoint a selection of short stories from Monsoon and poems from Surya, both collections written by Vimala Devi, in light of theories concerning the intersection of trauma, narrative, and the postcolonial. This approach permits an understanding of effects produced by colonialism such as dispossession, forced migration, diaspora, segregation, racism, and political violence (Craps and Buelens 3). My analysis is carried out from a culture-bound perspective (3), which considers each case of colonial and postcolonial trauma not only as having its own singularities, but also as producing effects on the colonized cultures …


Circling The End Of The Line In Monsoon: Glints Of Significance Across Vimala Devi's Short Story Cycle, Paul Melo E Castro Dec 2024

Circling The End Of The Line In Monsoon: Glints Of Significance Across Vimala Devi's Short Story Cycle, Paul Melo E Castro

Kritika Kultura

This article analyzes Vimala Devi’s Monsooni (the 2019 English translation of her Monção, originally published in Portuguese in 1963, with a second augmented edition in 2003) as a short story cycle, a genre that differs as much from the traditional novel as from non-integrated collections of short narratives in its “tension between variety and unity, separateness and interconnectedness, fragmentation and continuity, openness and closure” (Lundén 12). It is this generic affiliation, the author argues, that makes possible Devi’s particular portrait of late-colonial Goa. Drawing on various theorizations of the short story cycle genre, the article scrutinizes the interconnections and breaks …


Fidelities, Sandra Ataíde Lobo Dec 2024

Fidelities, Sandra Ataíde Lobo

Kritika Kultura

The present study articulates the approach to Vimala Devi’s intellectual biography between late 1950s until early 1970s with a look at her writings about Goa (1962-1971) as a cycle of cultural intervention on the coeval debate about Portuguese colonialism and Goan identity. A debate that was running both in Portugal and Goa, having narratives about Goa, Goan literature and print histories played a crucial role. Analysing such activity may not ignore the conditioning of writing and publishing under Salazar’s dictatorship, the possibilities for differentiated positioning within the regime, and the limits to dissent. Nor may it ignore how Portuguese opposition …


The Descendente Elite Of Goa: The Role Of Literature In The Construction And Dismantling Of Stereotypes, Luís Pedroso De Lima Cabral De Oliviera Dec 2024

The Descendente Elite Of Goa: The Role Of Literature In The Construction And Dismantling Of Stereotypes, Luís Pedroso De Lima Cabral De Oliviera

Kritika Kultura

Was Vimala Devi yet another author since at least the seventeenth century to have followed in the footsteps of Portuguese writers—Bocage, Tomás Ribeiro, the Kopkes, Camilo Castelo Branco, Eça de Queiroz, Vitorino Nemésio and Manuel de Seabra—in painting a stereotyped and rather grotesque image of the descendente (roughly, Creole) elite of Goa in her short story “The Subsidy”? If so, in what way did she take on, rework, or contribute to this cliché? This question is the common thread running through the present article, which gives an overview of the stereotyped image of the descendentes as it emerges in the …


Agriculture In Curtorim: Through The Lens Of Caste, Favita Rochelle Dias Dec 2024

Agriculture In Curtorim: Through The Lens Of Caste, Favita Rochelle Dias

Kritika Kultura

In this article, I examine a collection of short stories, drama and, a form of digital media — three different modes of knowledge production and distribution—to look at the ways in which agrarian relationships and the role of caste in structuring the agrarian relationships have been portrayed in these three media. The article critically analyzes how agriculture in the village of Curtorim is portrayed in Saxtticho Koddo –Granary of Salcete, a documentary on agriculture in Curtorim by Vince Costa, and tries to bring in the missing voices by using the text Monção by Vimala Devi and Tiatrs (Konkani Dramas) Kunnbi …


Vimala Devi's Bhatcars And The Mundcars: Laborers, Landlords, And Culture In Goa, Dale Luis Menezes Dec 2024

Vimala Devi's Bhatcars And The Mundcars: Laborers, Landlords, And Culture In Goa, Dale Luis Menezes

Kritika Kultura

The master-servant, or broadly bhatcar-mundcar, relations are fundamental to Goan culture, history, and society. While the interaction of these two broad socio-economic groups, those who labor and those who do not, was and is fundamental to Goan politics, scholars have not yet evolved a methodological framework for understanding these relations. This absence, the paper claims, is a particularly serious problem for Goa studies, and one that can be tackled by thinking closely about categories such as bhatcar and mundcar. The terms bhatcar and mundcar are defined capaciously, making room for a range of servitudes and labor regimes as well as …


Following The Golden Thread: Goa Before India, Paul Melo E Castro, Jason Keith Fernandes Dec 2024

Following The Golden Thread: Goa Before India, Paul Melo E Castro, Jason Keith Fernandes

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Humanizing Corporeal Spectacle: Humor And Resistance In Indra Sinha's Animal's People, Simon C. Estok Dec 2024

Humanizing Corporeal Spectacle: Humor And Resistance In Indra Sinha's Animal's People, Simon C. Estok

Kritika Kultura

This article examines Indra Sinha’s Animal’s People and the comments it makes about the long- term corporeal effects of environmental catastrophes. Sinha’s choice of a first person narrative strategy strongly sharpens the visceral impact of the story. The narrator is a lovably unlovable misfit who has been deformed and crippled by an industrial disaster that claimed thousands of lives. While the effects of the disaster play out through the body of the narrator himself (he calls himself “Animal” because he is so deformed), they are more than merely bodily effects: they are psychological, social, economic, developmental, sexual, and so on. …


The Nomad Of The Naked Body: The Trans-Corporeal Ecopoetics Of Sunwoo Kim, Won-Chung Kim Dec 2024

The Nomad Of The Naked Body: The Trans-Corporeal Ecopoetics Of Sunwoo Kim, Won-Chung Kim

Kritika Kultura

The material turn in the environmental humanities drastically changes our perception of who we are and challenges our attitude toward nature. In this article, the author argues that there is a critical connection between the works of Sunwoo Kim, one of the most prominent ecofeminist poets of Korea, and the trans-corporeal poetics of new materialist feminism. By resuscitating “dead” nature and recognizing the agency of things in the world, Sunwoo Kim deconstructs humanity’s prestigious position of all-powerful subjects and repositions them as equal actors with other nonhuman beings. Trans-corporeal poetics allows her to combine the two most conspicuous trends of …