Digital Commons Network^™

Increasing Student Agency And Outcomes In Freshman Composition Courses, Aaron Collins

English Graduate Organization Conference

No abstract provided.

Book Review: Across The Aisle: Why Bipartisanship Works For America, Elizabeth Gingerich

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

No abstract provided.

Book Review: Culture Shock – An Unstoppable Force Is Changing How We Work And Live. Gallup’S Solution To The Biggest Leadership Issue Of Our Time., Doug Knuth, Cam Caldwell

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

No abstract provided.

Book Review: Standing My Ground: A Capitol Police Officer’S Fight For Accountability And Good Trouble After January 6th, Olivia N. Leyva

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

No abstract provided.

Book Review: Ai [Artificial Intelligence] Fundamentals For Business Leaders, Eya Mahouachi

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

Artificial Intelligence Fundamentals for Business Leaders: Up to Date with Generative AI (Byte-sized Learning Book 1) is a recent book in a series of four on Artificial Intelligence. It is authored by I. Almeida, the Chief Transformation Officer at Now Next Later AI, an AI advisory, training, and publishing business that supports organizations with their AI strategy, transformation, and governance.

This book is organized around understanding AI, Data and Data Management, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Model Selection and Evaluation, and Generative AI. The last chapter incorporates an assignment for leaders. This book employs an effective approach to help readers grasp …

Book Review: Leadership At The Spiritual Edge: Emerging And Non-Western Concepts Of Leadership And Spirituality, Susan E. Brownlee

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

Abstract

Leadership at the Spiritual Edge: Emerging and Non-Western Concepts of Leadership and Spirituality is a recent collection of thoughtful contributions by scholars and practitioners that study and work at the intersection of leadership and spirituality. The book was edited by Mohammed Raei (leadership and organization development consultant based in Jordan), Stacey Guenther (leadership coach and affiliated faculty at George Mason University), and Lisa Berkley (founding president of the Institute for Inner Economy and faculty at University of California, Santa Cruz). The book’s dominate themes encompass compassion for self and others, wholeness of mind, body and spirit, and promoting the …

Lessons From History: The Leadership Challenge Of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr...Why It Matters Today [Part 2], Emilio F. Iodice

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

No abstract provided.

Islam Across Cultures: The International Islamic University Of Indonesia Through A Western Lens, Elizabeth Summerfield

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

Since the September 11th tragedy in the United States, Islam has become associated with many in the West with unpredictable menace, a significant threat to the civilised order. This article presents a preliminary exploration of a counter narrative to that conception of Islam. Indonesian Islam challenges that common perception, even while it has also been the site of Islamic extremist violence. The big picture of Islam in Indonesia reveals a different story, one where such militancy is aberrant. It is not reflective of deep principles of Islam as it is practised by the vast majority of Indonesian Muslims. To take …

The Leadership Identity Presented On Linkedin, Carl L. Tolbert

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

LinkedIn has evolved in a way similar to other social media platforms but is unique in that it focuses on professional networking and careers. Many professionals seek to showcase their leadership skills and philosophies as part of a publicly showcased online persona. This paper aimed to examine the posts specific to leadership and thematically investigate presentation strategies, motivation, and purposes behind the posts. The paper begins with a historical review from the inception of LinkedIn through pivotal milestones in the history of the company. Key concepts from the literature are then reviewed specific to social media use and motivations behind …

Kitkats And Boiling Kettles: Understanding Reciprocal Relationships In The Workplace, Gavin Mason, Garry Nicholson

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

Often referred to as a law, principle, norm or rule, reciprocity can be defined as a state or condition of free interchange or mutual responsiveness. This paper considers the importance of reciprocity in organisational settings, whilst identifying three reciprocal exchange behaviours of which leaders should be aware. A Socratic dialogue using the Nelson/Heckmann approach is adopted as a research method, with the primary methodological concern being that of the axiological field of philosophy. Axiology deals with the nature of value and asks what is intrinsically worthwhile. This can lead to multiple questions about what we value in an organisational context. …

比较机器学习的不同R 包：一项在公开数据集中的应用研究, Daniel O. Oyeniran, 曾 晴

Chinese/English Journal of Educational Measurement and Evaluation | 教育测量与评估双语期刊

机器学习已经成为包括教育领域在内的诸多领域中不可或缺的用于预测的方法。Python 和 R 是机器学习的主流编程工具。为了更好地进行机器学习分析，研究人员开发了功能各异的 R 包。本文探讨了 R 语言中两个主要的机器学习程序包在估计指标方面的功能性与经验性差异。这项比较研究为研究者高效使用R 包提供了综合指导，既能促进科学决策，又能帮助研究者在数据驱动型的研究和实践应用中采用有效的方法。本研究的发现确保研究人员在选择 R 包时做出明智决策，并理解替代方案，同时为实践者降低了算法应用的技术门槛。

Comparison Of Machine Learning Packages In R: An Application With Open Dataset, Daniel O. Oyeniran

Chinese/English Journal of Educational Measurement and Evaluation | 教育测量与评估双语期刊

Machine learning has become a prominent approach for prediction in many fields of endeavor, including education. Python and R have become leading software while different packages have been developed for the purpose of carrying out machine learning analysis with differences in functions in R. This paper explored the functional and empirical differences of two major machine learning packages in R to estimate metrics. This comparative study provides a comprehensive guide for leveraging machine learning packages in R, facilitating informed decision-making, and advancing the adoption of effective methodologies in data-driven research and application. Findings in this study ensure that researchers make …

计算机化线性测验中泄露题目的检测:一种使用自编码器和Bert的新方法, Yiqin Pan, Sandip Sinharay, 翔宇 陆

Chinese/English Journal of Educational Measurement and Evaluation | 教育测量与评估双语期刊

题目泄露是测验行业中备受关注的一个重要问题。我们提出了一种通过分析作答时间和分数来检测计算机化线性测验中泄露题目的新方法。我们的方法包括三个主要组成部分:第一，我们采用自编码器(一种神经网络)对作答时间和分数进行建模，捕捉每道题目和每名考生的独特特征;第二，我们开发了一个基于 BERT 的模型来分析考生的作答模式，以预测期望作答时间。自编码器生成的特征向量被整合到这一模型中以增强其识别作答模式的能力;第三，我们设计了一种算法，通过比较期望作答数据和实际作答数据来标记出可能已泄露的题目。模拟研究的结果表明，本文提出的方法能够有效地检测出泄露题目，且只要存在一定程度的题目泄露，就能够将假阳性率控制在低水平，并保持较高的检出率。

Detecting Compromised Items In Computerized Linear Testing: A Novel Approach Using Autoencoders And Bert, Yiqin Pan, Sandip Sinharay

Chinese/English Journal of Educational Measurement and Evaluation | 教育测量与评估双语期刊

Item compromise is a significant concern in the testing industry. We propose a novel approach for detecting compromised items in computerized linear testing by analyzing response times and scores. Our method consists of three primary components. First, we employ autoencoders, a type of neural network, to model response times and scores, capturing the unique characteristics of each item and examinee. Second, we develop a BERT-based model to analyze examinees’ response patterns, predict expected response times. The characteristic vectors generated by the autoencoders are integrated into the BERT-based model, enhancing its ability to recognize response patterns. Third, an algorithm is designed …

在Gpu资源匮乏环境下利用生成式人工智能的自动化文本评分, Chris M. Ormerod, Alexander Kwako

Chinese/English Journal of Educational Measurement and Evaluation | 教育测量与评估双语期刊

当前关于用于自动文本评分(ATS)的生成语言模型(GLMs)的研究几乎完全集中在通过应用程序编程接口(APIs)查询专有模型的方法上。然而，这些做法引发了透明度和安全性的相关问题，并且这些方法在效率或可定制性方面几乎没有提供任何优势。随着最近小型、开源模型的大量涌现，我们现在有机会使用配备普通消费级硬件的计算机来探索 GLMs —即所谓的“GPU 匮乏者”。在本研究中，我们分析了开源小型 GLMs 在 ATS 中的性能和效率。结果表明，通过微调，GLMs 可以达到足够好的性能，即便不是最前沿的水平。除了 ATS 之外，我们还小步推进，通过提示 GLMs 解释其评分来分析模型生成反馈的能力。模型生成的反馈显示出潜力，但需要针对具体应用场景进行更严格的评估。

Automated Text Scoring In The Age Of Generative Ai For The Gpu-Poor, Chris M. Ormerod, Alexander Kwako

Chinese/English Journal of Educational Measurement and Evaluation | 教育测量与评估双语期刊

Abstract Current research on generative language models (GLMs) for automated text scoring (ATS) has focused almost exclusively on querying proprietary models via Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). Yet such practices raise issues around transparency and security, and these methods offer little in the way of efficiency or customizability. With the recent proliferation of smaller, open-source models, there is the option to explore GLMs with computers equipped with modest, consumer-grade hardware—that is, for the “GPU poor.” In this study, we analyze the performance and efficiency of open-source, small-scale GLMs for ATS. Results show that GLMs can be fine-tuned to achieve adequate, though …

人工智能在教育测量中的应用：机遇与伦理挑战, Okan Bulut, Maggie Beiting-Parrish, Jodi M. Casabianca, Sharon C. Slater, Hong Jiao, Dan Song, Christopher Ormerod, Deborah Gbemisola Fabiyi, Rodica Ivan, Cole Walsh, Oscar Rios, Joshua Wilson, Seyma N. Yildirim-Erbasli, Xiaoxiao Liu, Tarid Wongvorachan, Joyce Xinle Liu, Bin Tan, Polina Morilova

Chinese/English Journal of Educational Measurement and Evaluation | 教育测量与评估双语期刊

人工智能（Artificial Intelligence, AI）与教育测量的结合促进了测评方法的转变，通过机器学习和自然语言处理，实现了自动评分、快速内容分析和个性化反馈。这些发展为学生的表现提供了宝贵的见解，同时也提升了整体测评体验。然而，AI在教育领域的应用也引发了有关效度、信度、透明性、公平性和公正性的重大伦理问题。算法偏差和AI决策过程不透明等问题有可能加剧不平等，影响测评结果。为此，包括教育工作者、政策制定者和测试机构在内的各利益相关方制定了指导方针，以确保AI在教育领域中的应用符合伦理规范。美国国家教育测量委员会测量与教育中的人工智能特别兴趣小组（AI in Measurement and Education, AIME）致力于制定该领域的伦理规范并推动研究的进一步发展。在本文中，不同背景的AIME成员共同探讨了AI工具在教育测量中的伦理影响，分析了自动化偏差和环境影响等重大挑战，并提出了确保AI在教育领域负责任且高效应用的解决方案。

The Rise Of Artificial Intelligence In Educational Measurement: Opportunities And Ethical Challenges, Okan Bulut, Maggie Beiting-Parrish, Jodi M. Casabianca, Sharon C. Slater, Hong Jiao, Dan Song, Christopher Ormerod, Deborah Gbemisola Fabiyi, Rodica Ivan, Cole Walsh, Oscar Rios, Joshua Wilson, Seyma N. Yildirim-Erbasli, Tarid Wongvorachan, Joyce Xinle Liu, Bin Tan, Polina Morilova

Chinese/English Journal of Educational Measurement and Evaluation | 教育测量与评估双语期刊

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in educational measurement has transformed assessment methods, allowing for automated scoring, swift content analysis, and personalized feedback through machine learning and natural language processing. These advancements provide valuable insights into student performance while also enhancing the overall assessment experience. However, the implementation of AI in education also raises significant ethical concerns regarding validity, reliability, transparency, fairness, and equity. Issues such as algorithmic bias and the opacity of AI decision-making processes risk perpetuating inequalities and affecting assessment outcomes. In response, various stakeholders, including educators, policymakers, and testing organizations, have developed guidelines to ensure the ethical …

Editorial: Special Issue On Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning In Educational Measurement (Part 1), Okan Bulut, Yi Zheng

Chinese/English Journal of Educational Measurement and Evaluation | 教育测量与评估双语期刊

This editorial introduces the first part of CEJEME's Special Issue on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Educational Measurement. As AI and ML technologies revolutionize education, they offer new opportunities for personalized learning and innovative assessment practices. This issue highlights the transformative impact of AI and ML on educational measurement, addressing both their potential and the ethical challenges they pose. This issue includes four articles that explore the opportunities and ethical challenges of AI in educational measurement, automated text scoring in the age of Generative AI for the GPU-poor, a novel approach using autoencoders and BERT to detect compromised items …

Cities And Strongholds: Of Middle-Earth: Essays On The Habitations Of Tolkien’S Legendarium (2024) Edited By Cami D. Agan, Marilyn R. Pukkila

Journal of Tolkien Research

Book review, by Marilyn R. Pukkila, of Cities and Strongholds: of Middle-earth: Essays on the Habitations of Tolkien’s Legendarium (2024), edited by Cami D. Agan

Between The Satirical And The Sectarian: Review Of The Film Kneecap (2024), Alan Bradshaw

Markets, Globalization & Development Review

No abstract provided.

Hanover Insurance Co. V. Hayward: Imposition Of Punitive Damages In Addition To Criminal Sanctions, David P. Silk

Maine Law Review

In Hanover Insurance Co. v. Hayward, the Maine Supreme Judicial Court, sitting as the Law Court, addressed the issue whether punitive damages may be awarded against a defendant who has been criminally convicted for the conduct giving rise to the punitive damages claim. Although it affirmed the superior court's decision not to allow the award of punitive damages, the Law Court concluded that the imposition of criminal sanctions did not by itself bar punitive damages. Instead, the court indicated that criminal punishment is merely one factor to consider in determining whether an award of punitive damages would serve a meaningful …

Comparative Negligence: The Multiple Defendant Dilemma, Karen P. O'Sullivan

Maine Law Review

Maine's comparative negligence statute provides that a plaintiff who is partly at fault for his or her own injury may recover so long as he or she is not "equally at fault." The statute is simple to apply when there is only one defendant. In cases that involve two or more defendants, however, neither the Maine Supreme Judicial Court nor the Legislature has indicated whether the plaintiff's fault is compared with the fault of each defendant individually or all defendants combined.

Local Land Use Controls: An Idea Whose Time Has Passed, Orlando E. Delogu

Maine Law Review

The suggestion that local land use control powers are not working well—that they may not be susceptible to modest but useful reforms or modifications and thus ought to be more drastically altered or abandoned altogether—is not new. Beginning nearly twenty years ago with Richard Babcock's publication of The Zoning Game, the literature and case law in the field is rife with express and implied suggestions that too much land use control power has been given to local governments. More recently Professor Jan Krasnowiecki suggested we abolish zoning, and the New Jersey court in its latest Mount Laurel decision underscored the …

Deadlocked Juries And The Allen Charge, Karen Pelletier O'Sullivan

Maine Law Review

Juries in cases requiring a unanimous verdict have three alternatives: a guilty verdict, a not guilty verdict, or no verdict for lack of unanimity. Deadlocked juries have long created a problem for efficient judicial administration. Early common law judges carried hung jurors around in oxcarts until a verdict "bounced out." More recent methods of forcing jurors to reach verdicts have included requiring them to deliberate all night and threatening to deprive them of water and heat. A more subtle method of encouraging jurors to reach verdicts is a trial judge's supplemental instruction to deadlocked jurors. A verdict-urging instruction is commonly …

The Public Trust Doctrine In Maine's Submerged Lands: Public Rights, State Obligation And The Role Of The Courts, Mitchell M. Tannenbaum

Maine Law Review

The State of Maine has within its borders over three thousand miles of coastline and numerous navigable rivers and lakes. The productive use of these waterways and the lands which lie beneath them historically has been linked to the quality of life within Maine and continues to be essential to the social and economic development of the state. Both the state's control over its thousands of acres of submerged lands and the public's right to use these lands derive from what has come to be known as the "public trust doctrine." The basic tenet of the doctrine is that the …

Home Rule And The Pre-Emption Doctrine: The Relationship Between State And Local Government In Maine, Robert W. Bower Jr.

Maine Law Review

The legal relationship between a state government and a municipal government determines the powers and responsibilities of these two political entities. In Maine this relationship is complex and uncertain due to ambiguities in the constitutional and statutory scheme governing it and due to the Maine Supreme Judicial Court's narrow and inconsistent interpretation of that scheme. This Comment discusses the various methods for delegating power to municipalities, including the traditional method which was used in Maine prior to 1970. In addition, this Comment examines the "home rule" scheme enacted in 1970 and its subsequent judicial interpretation and application. Any statutory or …

Prejudice And Promise In The Early Years Of The Federal Judiciary, George L. Haskins

Maine Law Review

Preserving the dignity of the human individual and protecting individual rights from the excesses of governmental power have been endemic problems for politically organized society in the western world for centuries. From antiquity and the early middle ages comes the thought that "government" became necessary because of he sinfulness or depravity of man. But it was not suggested that rulers should be all-powerful nor that the people who are governed should be entirely at the mercy of government. Indeed, our classic ideal of the democratic state first emerged in Greece, then briefly again in Rome, and later — but for …

Shadows And Seduction: Exploring The Duality Of Night In Romeo And Juliet, Elizabeth Woelkers

Rushton Journal of Undergraduate Humanities Research

This essay explores how societal perceptions of night evolved from a time of secret worship to a period fraught with fear and demonic influence. Further, this essay explores Shakespeare's use of night to frame the clandestine romance between Romeo and Juliet, highlighting the lovers' perilous engagement with darkness. By embodying the duality of night within the lovers, Shakespeare underscores the timeless struggle between the purity of light and the seduction of night. Additionally, this duality serves as a cautionary narrative, urging audiences to resist the allure of night's temptation and remain in the true light of God.

Essays In Economic Theory, Kohei Yamagata

Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation consists of three theoretical analyses. In the first chapter "Who Takes Responsibility and Preventive Action? Centralized vs. Decentralized Risk Management in an Organization with Heterogeneous Agents," we investigate the optimal allocation of risk management responsibilities in organizations with multiple agents possessing heterogeneous preventive action costs. Extending the principal-agent framework to a multi-agent context, we analyze how a manager and agents choose preventive efforts to mitigate risks. Two scenarios are considered: (1) centralized risk management, where the manager bears all expected damages, and (2) decentralized risk management, where agents bear their own damages. Our findings show that centralized risk …