Digital Commons Network^™

Teacher Motivational Behaviors In A Remote Versus An In-Person Class, Mariia Shishmareva, Jennifer Bown, Teresa Bell, Dr. Wendy Baker Smemoe, Dan Dewey

Faculty Publications

Motivation in language learning has been studied for quite a long time. However, until recent years, the focus has been on motivation in face-to-face (FTF) learning environments. Motivation in online learning can be different due to many factors. This study compared how a language instructor used motivational strategies in a FTF vs. in a synchronous online class; and how students reacted to these motivational strategies. For these purposes the Motivational Orientation of Language Teaching (MOLT) was used for observations. Results showed that while the teacher used many of the same motivational strategies in both sections, strategies in the categories social …

Core-Periphery Multi-Modality Feature Alignment For Zero-Shot Medical Image Analysis, Xiaowei Yu, Lu Zhang, Zihao Wu, Dajiang Zhu

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Multi-modality learning, exemplified by the language-image pair pre-trained CLIP model, has demonstrated remarkable performance in enhancing zero-shot capabilities and has gained significant attention recently. However, simply applying language-image pre-trained CLIP to medical image analysis encounters substantial domain shifts, resulting in severe performance degradation due to inherent disparities between natural (non-medical) and medical image characteristics. To address this challenge and uphold or even enhance CLIP's zero-shot capability in medical image analysis, we develop a novel approach, Core-Periphery feature alignment for CLIP (CP-CLIP), to model medical images and corresponding clinical text jointly. To achieve this, we design an auxiliary neural network whose …

Adversarial Hidden Link Threats In Meta Computing, Junjie Xiong, Mingkui Wei, Zhuo Lu, Yao Liu

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

In the emerging field of Meta Computing, where data collection and integration are essential components, the threat of adversary hidden link attacks poses a significant challenge to web crawlers. In this paper, we investigate the impact of these attacks on data collection by web crawlers, emphasizing their evasion of traditional detection methods. Through empirical evaluation, we uncover vulnerabilities in existing crawler mechanisms, particularly in code inspection, and propose enhancements to mitigate these weaknesses. Our assessment of real-world web pages reveals the prevalence and impact of adversary hidden link attacks, emphasizing the necessity for robust countermeasures. Furthermore, we introduce a mitigation …

The Perils Of Wi-Fi Spoofing Attack Via Geolocation Api And Its Defense, Xiao Han, Junjie Xiong, Wenbo Shen, Mingkui Wei, Shangqing Zhao, Zhuo Lu, Yao Liu

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Location spoofing attack deceiving a Wi-Fi positioning system has been studied for over a decade. However, it has been challenging to construct a practical spoofing attack in urban areas with dense coverage of legitimate Wi-Fi APs. This paper identifies the vulnerability of the Google Geolocation API, which returns the location of a mobile device based on the information of the Wi-Fi access points that the device can detect. We show that this vulnerability can be exploited by the attacker to reveal the black-box localization algorithms adopted by the Google Wi-Fi positioning system and easily launch the location spoofing attack in …

Warmonger Attack: A Novel Attack Vector In Serverless Computing, Junjie Xiong, Mingkui Wei, Zhuo Lu, Yao Liu

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

We debut the Warmonger attack, a novel attack vector that can cause denial-of-service between a serverless computing platform and an external content server. The Warmonger attack exploits the fact that a serverless computing platform shares the same set of egress IPs among all serverless functions, which belong to different users, to access an external content server. As a result, a malicious user on this platform can purposefully misbehave and cause these egress IPs to be blocked by the content server, resulting in a platform-wide denial of service. To validate the effectiveness of the Warmonger attack, we conducted extensive experiments over …

Review Of The Cavity Effect: Modeling And Impact Of Cavity Shape On Apparent Radiative Surface Properties, Ehsan Mofidipour, Matthew R. Jones, Brian D. Iverson

Faculty Publications

Radiative surface properties play a critical role in the analysis, design, and optimization of thermal systems. Geometry has a strong influence on the emission and absorption characteristics of a surface. Modification of radiative surface properties may be achieved by using engineered surfaces or cavities by capitalizing on the cavity effect. A model for the apparent emissivity of an arbitrarily shaped cavity with spectrally and directionally dependent radiative surface properties is presented in this work. This model is verified through comparison with published models of the apparent radiative properties of cylindrical cavities. The merit of this model is demonstrated by obtaining …

What Are University Students Doing With Language?: A Proportional Description Of University Student Mode And Register Use, Brett James Hashimoto

Faculty Publications

The extent to which university students read, write, speak, and listen in a range of registers is not completely understood, but such descriptions could lead to better designed curriculum for English learners. The purpose of this study is to estimate the proportions of time American university students spend reading, writing, speaking, and listening in various registers. The present study combines diary and survey techniques to describe the language use behavior for 53 university students. The results indicated that nearly half of university student language use time is spent listening (49.5 %), followed by reading (20.7 %), writing (18.2 %), and …

From Three-Pillars To Three-Environments: Shifting The Paradigm Of Sustainability In Civil And Construction Engineering, Xiaomei Wang, Andrew South, Clifton Farnsworth, Brett James Hashimoto

Faculty Publications

This research explores the usage of sustainability in literature and presents ‘three environments’ for addressing sustainability in the Civil and Construction Engineering (CCE) disciplines. Scholars have increasingly studied sustainability and sustainable development across CCE disciplines as the importance of sustainability awareness and action in society has increased. However, the vastness of its conceptual breadth and depth in CCE research is difficult to holistically evaluate. As a result, CCE researchers often focus on specific aspects of sustainability applied to discrete contexts, or address sustainability in broad aspirational terms and guiding motivations. This research utilized a rigorous analytical corpus linguistics approach for …

Recent Trends In Corpus Design And Reporting: A Methodological Synthesis, Brett James Hashimoto, Kyra Nelson

Faculty Publications

Methodological design is a central issue for researchers in corpus linguistics. To understand trends in the reporting of important aspects of corpus design and the type of corpora being used in corpus linguistics research articles better, this study analyzes 709 descriptions of corpora from research published in corpus journals between 2010–2019. Each article was manually coded by two trained coders for aspects of corpus design, such as the population definition, sampling method, and sample size. Additionally, the study identifies missing information in corpus reporting. Our results show trends in corpus design, such as an increased use of spoken corpora. We …

Here-, There-, And Every Where-: Exploring The Role Of Pronominal Adverbs In Legal Language, David Chandler, Brett James Hashimoto

Faculty Publications

Many have claimed that pronominal adverbs, such as hereby, thereafter, and wherein, are a frequent, distinctive, and problematic in their use in legal language (Tiersma, 1999; Mellinkoff, 2004). The purpose of this study is to examine those claims empirically. In the present study, the prevalence of PAs in legal registers is compared to more general registers of contemporary American English to determine the extent to which these words are distinctly legal. The study will also explore why different types of PAs may be (in)frequent in specific legal registers to better understand their use. The frequency of PAs was extracted from …

Teaching Positive Psychology Lessons In An Intensive English Program, Carolee Rogers, Benjamin L. Mcmurry, Dan Dewey

Faculty Publications

This article investigates the effectiveness of positive psychology interventions (PPIs) in an intensive English program for non-matriculated university students. Interventions based on the PERMA model were implemented through weekly 65-minute lessons given during the first class of each week. These were followed by short daily activities during the rest of the week. Using positive psychology topics as the content, students concurrently engaged in language learning activities. Each participant was asked to complete a questionnaire at the end of the semester consisting of five open-ended questions relating to the PPIs, the lessons, the activities, the topics, and how they felt the …

Neurological Evidence For The Contextindependent Multisensorial Semantics Of Ideophones In Pastaza Kichwa: An Fnirs Study In The Ecuadorian Amazon, Dan Dewey, Jeffrey J. Green, Janis Nuckolls, Auna Nygaard, Tod D. Swanson

Faculty Publications

Ideophones – imitative words using the stream of speech to simulate/depict the rise and fall of sensory perceptions and emotions and temporal experiences of completiveness, instantaneousness, and repetitiveness – have been characterized as semantically empty and context dependent. The research reported here tested a simple schematic for the semantic categories of Pastaza Kichwa ideophones by tracking neurological responses to ideophones categorized as VISUAL, MOTION, and SOUND. Seventeen native speakers of Pastaza Kichwa listened to audio clips of ideophones extracted from sentential contexts. Subjects’ neural activity was assessed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Results demonstrate that these posited semantic categories activate areas …

Does Leaving Faith Mean Leaving Family? Longitudinal Associations Between Religious Identification And Parent-Child Relationships Across Adolescence And Emerging Adulthood, Justin J. Hendricks, Sam A. Hardy, Emily M. Taylor, David C. Dollahite

Faculty Publications

The present study investigated the parent-child relational repercussions of converting to religion, switching, or de-converting from religion. Qualitative research indicates that these religious changes may negatively affect parent-child relationship quality, however, few quantitative studies investigate this issue. Subsequently, we utilized structural equation modeling to test if changes in religious identification during adolescence and emerging adulthood predicted worse parent-child relationship quality using three waves of the National Study of Youth and Religion (N = 2,352). We found that deconversion between Waves 1–2 significantly predicted poorer parent-child relationship quality at Wave 2 and father-child relationship quality at Wave 3. Further, deconversion between …

Putting Students In Their Place. The Role Of Placement Testing In Language Programs, Troy L. Cox, Matthew P. Wilcox

Faculty Publications

A perennial issue that nearly all language programs face with the arrival of new students is: where is the best place for each student to begin their course of study within our curricular structure given their current language abilities? When students have no previous language learning experience, the decision seems easy: place them in the beginning- level class. But when students have prior experience, deciding where they belong becomes more complicated given the wide range in the quality and quantity of previous exposure and the level of ability attained. Programmatic exigencies and resources may constrain student placement even further.

In …

Further Development Of The Reflective Practice Questionnaire, Shane L. Rogers, Lon Van Winkle, Nicole Michels, Cherie Lucas, Hassan Ziada, Eduardo J. Da Silva, Amit Jotangia, Sebastian Gabrielsson, Silje Gustafsson, Lynn Priddis

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: This article provides an update of the Reflective Practice Questionnaire (RPQ). The original RPQ consisted of 40-items with 10-sub-scales. In this article, the RPQ is streamlined into a 10-item single reflective practice construct, and a 30-item extended version that includes additional sub-scales of confidence, uncertainty/ stress, and work satisfaction. Methods: A total of 501 university students filled out an online questionnaire that contained the original Reflective Practice Questionnaire, and two general measures of reflection: The Self-Reflection and Insight Scale, and the Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire. Results: Based on factor analysis, the RPQ was streamlined into a brief 10-item version, and an …

Host Organizations' Perceptions To Providing Safe And Inclusive Work-Integrated Learning Programs For Students With Disability, Tanya Lawlis, Tamieka Mawer, Thomas Bevitt, Tom Arthur, Lesley Andrew, Ruth Wallace, Ros Sambell, Amanda Devine

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Inclusive work-integrated learning (WIL) requires collaboration between universities, host organizations and students, particularly, when designing and delivering WIL for students with disabilities. Host organizations, however, are not often included in the collaborations. This study explored host organization knowledge, capacity and challenges to providing WIL experiences for students with disability. A case study multi-method approach comprising an online survey and focus groups was undertaken. Host organizations, represented by supervisors, providing WIL to students enrolled in health courses at two Australian higher education institutions participated. The perceived need for student disclosure, office building limitations, and host organization limited knowledge of WIL expectations, …

Developing A Novel Ontology For Cybersecurity In Internet Of Medical Things-Enabled Remote Patient Monitoring, Kulsoom S. Bughio, David M. Cook, Syed A. A. Shah

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

IoT has seen remarkable growth, particularly in healthcare, leading to the rise of IoMT. IoMT integrates medical devices for real-time data analysis and transmission but faces challenges in data security and interoperability. This research identifies a significant gap in the existing literature regarding a comprehensive ontology for vulnerabilities in medical IoT devices. This paper proposes a fundamental domain ontology named MIoT (Medical Internet of Things) ontology, focusing on cybersecurity in IoMT (Internet of Medical Things), particularly in remote patient monitoring settings. This research will refer to similar-looking acronyms, IoMT and MIoT ontology. It is important to distinguish between the two. …

A Systematic Review Of K-12 Cybersecurity Education Around The World, Ahmed Ibrahim, Marnie Mckee, Leslie F. Sikos, Nicola F. Johnson

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This paper presents a systematic review of K-12 cybersecurity education literature from around the world. 24 academic papers dated from 2013-2023 were eligible for inclusion in the literature established within the research protocol. An additional 19 gray literature sources comprised the total. A range of recurring common topics deemed as aspects of cybersecurity behavior or practice were identified. A variety of cybersecurity competencies and skills are needed for K-12 students to apply their knowledge. As may be expected to be the case with interdisciplinary fields, studies are inherently unclear in the use of their terminology, and this is compounded in …

Airway Epithelium Respiratory Illnesses And Allergy (Aerial) Birth Cohort: Study Protocol, Elizabeth Kicic-Starcevich, David G. Hancock, Thomas Iosifidis, Patricia Agudelo-Romero, Jose A. Caparros-Martin, Yuliya V. Karpievitch, Desiree Silva, Lidija Turkovic, Peter N. Le Souef, Anthony Bosco, David J. Martino, Anthony Kicic, Susan L. Prescott, Stephen M. Stick

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: Recurrent wheezing disorders including asthma are complex and heterogeneous diseases that affect up to 30% of all children, contributing to a major burden on children, their families, and global healthcare systems. It is now recognized that a dysfunctional airway epithelium plays a central role in the pathogenesis of recurrent wheeze, although the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. This prospective birth cohort aims to bridge this knowledge gap by investigating the influence of intrinsic epithelial dysfunction on the risk for developing respiratory disorders and the modulation of this risk by maternal morbidities, in utero exposures, and respiratory exposures …

An Athlete's Perspective: Comparing Talent Development Environments For Boys And Girls In Western Australia Youth Soccer, Mikayla J. Lyons, Jenny A. Conlon, Sophia Nimphius, Brad S. Keller, Christopher Joyce

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This study aimed to compare the perceptions of boys and girls regarding their gender-specific talent development environments (TDEs) in state-level youth soccer. Seventy-one players (girls, n = 35; boys, n = 36) aged 11–18 years completed the Talent Development Environment Questionnaire (TDEQ-5), Sports Motivation Scale (SMS-6), Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q), and Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectancies (SEOE) of strength training questionnaire. Mann–Whitney U tests and Hedges’s g effect sizes were used to identify group differences. Boys scored higher for TDEQ-5 subdimensions: long-term development focus, alignment of expectations, and holistic quality preparation. For the CART-Q, boys perceived greater coach commitment, whilst girls …

Developing A Weighted Model To Measure Knowledge Diffusion In A Tourism Destination Network, Hossein Raisi, Llandis Barratt-Pugh, Rodolfo Baggio, Gregory Willson, Sam Huang, Kourosh Esfandiar

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Efficient knowledge transfer enhances tourism destination competitiveness. Multiple factors, however, affect knowledge transfer, making it a complex process to quantify. To address this complexity, we developed a quantitative tool by integrating a diffusion model with the major antecedents of knowledge transfer identified in the knowledge management literature. We applied this model in the Western Australian tourism industry and demonstrated its practicality. The proposed model provides a quantitative tool for destination management organizations to monitor, assess and improve the efficiency of knowledge diffusion within their tourism destinations. Such improved knowledge diffusion is critical in strengthening a destination's innovative capabilities and competitiveness.

Enhancing Energy Efficiency With A Dynamic Trust Measurement Scheme In Power Distribution Network, Yilei Wang, Xin Sun, Guiping Zheng, Ahmar Rashid, Sami Ullah, Hisham Alasmary, Muhammad Waqas

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The application of Intelligent Internet of Things (IIoT) in constructing distribution station areas strongly supports platform transformation, upgrade, and intelligent integration. The sensing layer of IIoT comprises the edge convergence layer and the end sensing layer, with the former using intelligent fusion terminals for real-time data collection and processing. However, the influx of multiple low-voltage in the smart grid raises higher demands for the performance, energy efficiency, and response speed of the substation fusion terminals. Simultaneously, it brings significant security risks to the entire distribution substation, posing a major challenge to the smart grid. In response to these challenges, a …

Enhancing Marketing Students’ Indigenous Cultural Competencies Through A Decolonisation And Authentic Assessment Approach, Claire Lambert, Melissa Fong-Emmerson, Sonja Coetzee, Steven D’Alessandro

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

To prepare students for multicultural environments and understand consumers from different backgrounds, marketing educators must incorporate diversity into their curricula and recognise the importance of decolonisation by considering First Nations’ perspectives to promote reconciliation and better outcomes. This paper reports on a novel approach of students working directly with First Nations businesspeople to gain an applied understanding of Indigenous cultural learning. The study examines the influence of this approach on students’ learning and cultural understanding, as well as how the teaching approach and authentic assessment design within the unit improve the confidence of students to apply these learnings and engage …

Mitigating Intensive Care Unit Noise: Design-Led Modeling Solutions, Calculated Acoustic Outcomes, And Cost Implications, Emil E. Jonescu, Benjamin Farrel, Chamil E. Ramanayaka, Christopher White, Giuseppe Costanzo, Lori Delaney, Rebecca Hahn, Janet Ferrier, Edward Litton

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objectives, Purpose, or Aim: The study aimed to decrease noise levels in the ICU, anticipated to have adverse effects on both patients and staff, by implementing enhancements in acoustic design. Background: Recognizing ICU noise as a significant disruptor of sleep and a potential hindrance to patient recovery, this study was conducted at a 40-bed ICU in Fiona Stanley Hospital in Perth, Australia. Methods: A comprehensive mixed-methods approach was employed, encompassing surveys, site analysis, and acoustic measurements. Survey data highlighted the importance of patient sleep quality, emphasizing the negative impact of noise on work performance, patient connection, and job satisfaction. Room …

Parents’ Experiences Of Their Child’S Best Interests During A Hospital Stay In Australia, Angela A. Quaye, Mandie Foster, Lisa Whitehead, Inger K. Hallström

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Determining the child’s best interests in a hospital setting will ideally involve the combined views of children, parents, and healthcare professionals. However, few studies have explored parents’ experiences of their child’s best interests when they engage with the healthcare system. Therefore, this study aimed to explore parents’ experiences of their child’s best interests during hospitalisation. A descriptive qualitative inductive design using face-to-face parent–child combined interviews, analysed by latent content analysis, was used. Sixteen parents recruited from a tertiary hospital in Western Australia were interviewed. Collaboration, development of trustworthy relationships, and effective communication were essential in shaping parents’ experiences of their …

Recidivism Outcomes For Young People Who Have Committed A Sexual Offence And Received Treatment: A Systematic Narrative Review Of Studies Conducted In Australia And New Zealand, James L. Finney, Natalie Gately, Suzanne Rock

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Young people who have committed a sexual offence present unique and serious challenges to the criminal justice systems of Australia and New Zealand. To understand the current state of existing literature, we systematically collated and critically appraised studies using narrative synthesis, examining the recidivism outcomes of young people who have committed a sexual offence and received treatment. Eight studies were identified utilising a sample of 1528 young people. Recidivism was higher among participants who did not complete treatment, compared to those who completed treatment, but highest in those who commenced but subsequently “dropped out”. Our findings highlight a need for …

The Development And Validation Of A Self-Audit Survey Instrument That Evaluates Preservice Teachers’ Confidence To Use Technologies To Support Student Learning, Michael D. Carey, David A. Martin, Natalie Mcmaster

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Internationally, university teacher educators are responding to the requirement that preservice teachers (PSTs) need to be confident, operational users of a broad range of technologies, and that they can apply their technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK). TPACK is a framework representing the complex interactions of teachers’ technological content knowledge and technological pedagogical knowledge with their pedagogical content knowledge; the interaction of the three domains is believed to produce effective teaching with technology. The challenge is designing an instrument that can validly and reliably evaluate whether PSTs have this wide range of knowledge, and if not, what their learning needs …

The Heroic Character, The Neo-Liberal Productive Citizen, And The Feminist Filmmaker, Catherine Gough-Brady

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

I recut an observational documentary about a woman called Bekti into a more conventional hero’s journey for a broadcaster. The hero’s journey narrative requires large obstacles to be overcome by the hero in their search for their ego. In this documentary the obstacle is connecting experimental science with communities with the aim to reduce dengue fever, and the hero’s ‘ego’ is to be an effective communicator. Using the hero’s journey style of narrative reduced the importance of the domestic aspects of Bekti’s life because these scenes did not contribute to overcoming obstacles or finding ego. To explore these changes use …

Unmet Patient Needs In Monocarboxylate Transporter 8 (Mct8) Deficiency: A Review, Andrew J Bauer, Bethany Auble, Amy L Clark, Tina Y Hu, Amber Isaza, Kyle P Mcnerney, Daniel L Metzger, Lindsey Nicol, Samuel R Pierce, Richard Sidlow

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) deficiency is a rare, X-linked disorder arising from mutations in the

Feminist Evaluation Using Feminist Participatory Action Research: Guiding Principles And Practices, Kaisha Crupi, Naomi Joy Godden

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

There is a lack of instructional literature on how to conduct a feminist evaluation to highlight and transform systemic issues in gendered and intersecting power relations. Feminist Participatory Action Research (FPAR) enables a process for conducting community-driven, -led and -owned feminist evaluations that drive social justice actions. By undertaking a critical review of existing literature, this article presents guiding principles and practices in how to conduct a feminist evaluation using FPAR. These principles and practices provide a framework for those who are seeking an evidence base for transformative social justice action in communities, particularly those who are working with complexity …