Digital Commons Network^™

On Warrants & Waiting: Electronic Warrants & The Fourth Amendment, Tracy Hresko Pearl

Faculty Articles

Police use of electronic warrant (“e-warrant”) technology has increased significantly in recent years. E-warrant technology allows law enforcement to submit, and magistrate judges to review and approve, warrant applications on computers, smartphones, and tablets, often without any direct communication. Police officers report that they favor e-warrants over their traditional counterparts because they save officers a significant amount of time in applying for warrants by eliminating the need to appear in-person before a magistrate. Legal scholars have almost uniformly praised e-warrant technology, as well, arguing that use of these systems will increase the number of warrants issued throughout the United States …

Remediating Injustices For Black Land Loss: Taking The Next Step To Protect Heirs' Property, Phyllis C. Taite

Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Taxing Wealth: Strategic Methods To Address Growing Inequalities, Phyllis C. Taite

Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Welfare V. Wealthfare: The Illusion Of Equality In Tax Policy, Phyllis C. Taite

Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Nutrient Intakes, Compliance With Recommendations And Key Sources In Women Of Child-Bearing Age (18-50 Y) In Ireland, Abigail O' Mahony

Theses

Women’s pre-conceptional health (including nutritional status) is important for both the health of the individual themselves and also for the lifelong health of any occurring offspring. However, it has been estimated that up to 50% of pregnancies are unplanned, thus optimal nutritional status is important for all women of child-bearing age (WCBA) not just those with pregnancy intentions. Despite the accumulation of evidence of the importance of nutritional status at this life-stage, nutrient recommendations for WCBA for the most part don’t differ from recommendations for other population groups. The notable exception to this is that all WCBA are recommended to …

Genetic Selection For Improved Production Efficiency In The Mature Dairy Herd, Maeve Williams

Theses

Improving dairy cow production efficiency is highly desirable because of its well-documented impact on profitability and sustainability. Long-term gains in dairy cow production efficiency have already been delivered through genetic selection. Nonetheless, achieving further improvements in production efficiency could cement the economic and environmental efficiency of the dairy industry, globally. To date, several components contributing to production efficiency have been overlooked, with many studies focusing on dairy cow production efficiency over short periods rather than lifetime efficiency. Therefore, the objectives of this thesis were to quantify the genetic variance components of complementary dairy cow efficiency metrics; including dry matter intake, …

Identification And Creation Of Novel Bacteriocins With Potential Food And Clinical Applications, David Lynch

Theses

Bacteriocins represent a heterogeneous group of small, ribosomal-synthesized, potent antibacterial peptides produced by bacteria, capable of inhibiting bacteria both closely related or indeed those from other genera than the producer. In addition to their role as food preservatives, bacteriocins have potent activity against medically significant pathogens and are considered attractive alternatives to antibiotics, due to their inherent heat stability, potency at nanomolar scale, resistance to proteases and low levels of acquired resistance in commercial applications. The aim of this thesis was to identify, purify and bioengineer novel bacteriocins from Staphylococcus and Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), with a view to expanding …

Performance Analysis Of Zero Trust In Cloud Native Systems, Simone Rodigari

Theses

Critical applications demand strong security implementations, low latency and high availability at constant rates, however, the performance of a software system is affected by the implementation of security. This research measures the performance overhead and possible mitigation in cloud native systems secured with a service mesh, which allows enabling security policies for the authentication, authorization and encryption of traffic within distributed systems. The side-car proxy is a core component of this architecture, acting as a policy enforcement point and intercepting networking communication from/to applications part of the mesh, consequently affecting the performance of applications hosted in the cloud. Physical resources …

Complete Genome Analysis Of African Swine Fever Virus Genotypes Ii, Ix And Xv From Domestic Pigs In Tanzania, Jean Nepomuscene Hakizimana, Clara Yona, Mariam R. Makange, Ester A. Kasisi, Christopher L. Netherton, Hans Nauwynck, Gerald Misinzo

All Rsif Scholars' Publications

African swine fever (ASF) caused by ASF virus (ASFV) is an infectious transboundary animal disease notifiable to the World Organization for Animal Health causing high mortality in domestic pigs and wild boars threatening the global domestic pig industry. To date, twenty-four ASFV genotypes have been described and currently genotypes II, IX, X, XV and XVI are known to be circulating in Tanzania. Despite the endemic status of ASF in Tanzania, only one complete genome of ASFV from the country has been described. This study describes the first complete genome sequence of ASFV genotype XV. In addition, the first Tanzanian complete …

Assessment Of Biosecurity Practices Adoption In Broiler Farms In East Africa: Case Study Of Pwani Region In Tanzania, Rogia Saïdath Adéline Gomez

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Broiler farming in Tanzania is an important poultry sub-sector, providing employment and the much-de- manded meat hence, contributing to the income and nutrition of the population. However, for small to medium-scale producers the profitability has been hampered by high incidences of diseases and costs associated with their control. This study aimed to assess the biosecurity practices adopted by broiler farmers in the Pwani region, Tanzania. A struc- tured questionnaire was administered to 78 broiler farmers complemented with on-site observations. Data collected were related to the socio-demographic characteristics, the structure of broiler farms, the level of biosecurity in the farms as …

Urban Challenges And Strategies In African Cities – A Systematic Literature Review, Alanda A. Kamana, Hassan Radoine, Chimango Nyasulu

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Abstract

A Miniaturized, Dual-Port, Multiband Mimo With Csrr Dgs For Internet Of Things Using Wlan Communication Standards, Fidele Maniraguha, Praveen Kumar Malik, Sandeep Sharma, Sandeep Kumar Arora, Fidele Maniraguha

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A compact, dual-port, triband MIMO antenna is designed and tested for three sub-6 GHz WLAN bands for IoT applications. The size and performance of the antenna make it versatile for the emerging IoT applications communicating using the 2.4 GHz, 5.2 GHz, and 5.8 GHz WLAN frequencies. The single radiating element of antenna geometry includes a pair of modified and optimized rectangular patches. A complimentary split ring resonator (CSRR) structure is incorporated in the ground plane as a defect (defected ground structure) to attain the third operational band. The orientation of the elements, orthogonally arranged, along with DGS, enhances the isolation …

Two Hops Irs Optimization In Urban Mobile Environment, Ndeye Penda Fall, Adel Mounir Said, Michel Marot, Cherif Diallo Cherif Diallo, Hossam Afifi, Hassine Moungla

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The intelligent reflective surface (IRS) is a new technology that can reduce the number of base stations and improve signal quality. Whereas in the literature, IRS is often considered in one-hop scenarios, we propose to address two-hop IRS in a vehicular context. On the one hand, two-hop IRS should improve connectivity by enabling blind devices in blind areas to be connected to the network, and on the other, connections may be more volatile due to a higher number of intermediate devices. In this work, their impact on network performance is investigated through different performance criteria. Our approach is validated using …

Bibliometric Analysis Of The State Of Research On Agroecology Adoption And Methods Used For Its Assessment., Theodore Nikiema, Eugène C. Ezin, Sylvain Kpenavoun Chogou

All Rsif Scholars' Publications

As a sustainable and holistic approach to agriculture, agroecology has received considerable attention in recent years because of its potential to address the environmental, economic, and social challenges of agricultural systems. In order to identify key trends, influential authors, impactful journals, and emerging research themes surrounding the agroecological adoption topic, we performed a bibliometric analysis based on metadata from documents dealing with the topic and methods employed for its assessment over the period of January 1990 to July 2023, extracted from the Web of Science database. Based on the metadata of more than 1280 articles, our analyses show that the …

A Tutorial On Agricultural Iot: Fundamental Concepts, Architectures, Routing, And Optimization, Emmanuel Effah, Ousmane Thiare, Alexander Wyglinski

All Rsif Scholars' Publications

This paper presents an in-depth contextualized tutorial on Agricultural IoT (Agri-IoT), covering the fundamental concepts, assessment of routing architectures and protocols, and performance optimization techniques via a systematic survey and synthesis of the related literature. The negative impacts of climate change and the increasing global population on food security and unemployment threats have motivated the adoption of the wireless sensor network (WSN)-based Agri-IoT as an indispensable underlying technology in precision agriculture and greenhouses to improve food production capacities and quality. However, most related Agri-IoT testbed solutions have failed to achieve their performance expectations due to the lack of an in-depth …

Fabrication Of Porous Carbon Nanofiber Webs From Polyacrylonitrile And Cellulose Acetate For Nacl Removal From Water Using Capacitive Deionization, Bethwel Kipchirchir Tarus, Yusufu Jande, Karoli Karoli

All Rsif Scholars' Publications

Capacitive deionization (CDI) has shown potential in addressing freshwater scarcity. CDI's electrode design is a key to better performance as it determines the extent of water purification. For carbon electrodes, the pore structure is an important factor influencing removal kinetics and ion storage. Herein, porous carbon nanofibers with diameters ranging from 277 to 348 nm were fabricated from blends of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and cellulose acetate (CA) through electrospinning and carbonization. Surface area and pore properties were adjusted by varying the proportions of the precursors while ensuring no adverse alteration to the products' tangible properties. Enhanced pore structure and specific surface …

Nanoparticles In Soil Remediation: Challenges And Opportunities, Wei Wei New, Joseph Ekhebume Ogbezode, Paran Gani

All Rsif Scholars' Publications

Nanoremediation emerges as a promising technology for mitigating soil contamination, encompassing various nanotechnology applications, including chemical degradation, Fenton-type oxidation, photocatalytic degradation, immobilization, and integration with bioremediation techniques like phytoremediation. In addressing soil pollution, the most extensively researched nanomaterials (NMs) are based on carbon, metal and metal oxide, nZVI, and other nanocomposites. Nevertheless, limitations accompany the use of NMs in soil remediation. To assess whether nanotechnology applications outweigh environmental threats, it is crucial to investigate potential effects of NMs on terrestrial vegetation, soil organisms, and human well-being. The impacts of NMs on ecology and the soil environment must be taken into …

A Narrative Review Of The Synthesis, Characterization, And Applications Of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, Joseph Ekhebume Ogbezode, Ucheckukwu Stella Ezealigo, Abdulhakeem Bello, Vitalis Chioh Anye, Azikiwe Peter Onwualu

All Rsif Scholars' Publications

The significance of green synthesized nanomaterials with a uniform shape, reduced sizes, superior mechanical capabilities, phase microstructure, magnetic behavior, and superior performance cannot be overemphasized. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are found within the size range of 1–100 nm in nanomaterials and have a diverse range of applications in fields such as biomedicine, wastewater purification, and environmental remediation. Nevertheless, the understanding of their fundamental material composition, chemical reactions, toxicological properties, and research methodologies is constrained and extensively elucidated during their practical implementation. The importance of producing IONPs using advanced nanofabrication techniques that exhibit strong potential for disease therapy, microbial pathogen control, …

Bio-Oil Upgrading Over Zsm-5 Catalyst: A Review Of Catalyst Performance And Deactivation, Ishaq Kariim, Hulda Swai, Thomas Kivevele

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Due to population explosion and industrialization, waste biomass and polymer conversion into biofuel has attracted the interest of researchers. The application of the ZSM-5 catalyst for bio-oil upgrading into renewable biofuels has attracted researchers’ efforts as an excellent catalyst. The need for improved biofuel quality with reduced oxygenates has further necessitated the application of catalyzed upgrading techniques. The catalytic performance of the ZSM-5 catalyst was attributed to its exceptional pore structure and window architecture and when it is incorporated with some selected transition metals to improve aromatic hydrocarbon formation. The review revealed that the development of coke deposit on the …

Kinetic And Thermodynamic Study Of Composite With Jute Fiber As Reinforcement, Edja Florentin Assanvo, Kicoun Jean - Yves N’Zi Toure, Kanga Marius N’Gatta, David Boa

All Rsif Scholars' Publications

In the present work, engineered by compression molding process via a hydraulic press, the A and B composite samples were carried out with 5% and 10% ratio respectively of Ricinodendron heudelotii oil -based alkyd resin in bio -based matrix made of unsaturated polyester using jute fibers as reinforcement material. The samples’ thermal decomposition was performed through thermogravimetry (TG) and derivative

-550°C. Aiming to study and being able to model the thermal degradation of the elaborated composites, finding the kinetic triplets appears the best option to describe the kinetic process undergo by the composites in order to evaluate the performance application …

Energy Status In Africa: Challenges, Progress And Sustainable Pathways, Maklewa Agoundedemba, Chang Ki Kim, Hyun-Goo Kim

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Access to modern energy is essential for socioeconomic development, yet Africa faces significant challenges in this regard. For example, Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is marked by economic underdevelopment and poverty largely due to the non-environmentally friendly energy used (wood, charcoal) and limited access to modern energy resources. Indeed, this review provides an overview of the African energy landscape; it provides a comprehensive renewables-focused energy pathway for developing a cleaner and more sustainable African energy system. It explores end-use sector electrification in both rural and urban areas in Africa. It emphasizes the rapid expansion of renewable generation, the challenges facing and solutions …

Effects Of Different Supplementary Cementitious Materials On Durability And Mechanical Properties Of Cement Composite – Comprehensive Review, Tsion Amsalu Fode, Yusufu Abeid Chande Jande, Thomas Kivevele

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Ordinary Portland cement is the highest produced cement type in the world, however its pro- duction is high energy consumption means expensive, huge natural resource consumptive, and creating high environmental pollution. Hence many researchers studied to reduce the effect of ordinary Portland cement by substituting artificial and natural supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) commonly in a concrete/mortar mixture. However, the comprehensive effect of different SCMs on various properties of cement composite materials are not well known. So the present study sought to review the effect of different natural and artificial SCMs on the durability and mechanical properties of cement composites, especially …

Assessing Structure, Species Diversity, And Carbon Stocks Across Altitudinal Gradients In Hugumbrda Grat-Kahsu Forest, Tigray, Ethiopia: Implications For Ecosystem Service Management, Haftu Abrha Mengesha, Soro Dodiomon, Victor Ongoma, Emiru Birhane, Shenafi Manaye Manaye

All Rsif Scholars' Publications

The study area, affected by war and siege, necessitates a study of its current ecological sta-
tus. The objective of this study was to assess the present forest structure, species diversity,
and Total Biomass Carbon Stock (TBCS) in relation to environmental variables. The findings
shown 42 woody plant species, with 23 in the highland and 41 in the midland. No signifi-
cant difference in species abundance is observed between the highland and midland areas.
However, there are significant differences in the average diameter and height of trees
between the altitudinal classes. Additionally, diversity indices shown significant difference,
with the midland …

Modeling Impacts Of Climate Change On The Geographic Distribution And Abundances Of Tamarindus Indica In Tigray Region, Ethiopia, Yirga Gufi, Ashenafi Manaye, Berihu Tesfamariam, Haftu Abrha Mengesha, Musse Tesfaye, Sibhatleab Hintsa

All Rsif Scholars' Publications

Tamarindus indica is a multipurpose dry land species in sub-Saharan that is traditionally used to build resilience into the farming system. The species is highly threatened and listed on the IUCN Red List. However, information on how climatic condition locally influences its ecological distribution is limited. This study investigates the current and future suitable habitat for the species in the Tigray region, in northern Ethiopia. A total of 220 species presence points and the number of T. indica within a 50 m × 50 m plot were collected. In addition, 19 bioclimatic variables, 3 topographic variables and soil data …

Effect Of Some Biopesticides Based On Essential Oil And Plant Extracts On Postharvest Mango Stem-End Rot Disease Caused By Lasiodiplodia Theobromae, Yefoungnigui Souleymane Yeo, Dio Dramane Dembele, Brahima Camara, Soualo Ouattara, Jean-Yves Rey, Diana Fernandez, Daouda Koné

All Rsif Scholars' Publications

Lasiodiplodia species causing mango Stem-end rot disease (SER) are mainly controlled using synthetic products, which can harm humans and environmental health. Therefore, developing an eco-friendly control method, such as using plant extract products, is imperative. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of 3 biopesticides based on essential oils (ASTOUN 50 EC, FERCA 50 EC, and NECO 50 EC) at 300, 500, 700, 1000 ppm and Moringa oleifera leaves extracts (Methanolic and aqueous) at 5, 10, 15 and 20 g/250 ml on mycelial growth of Lasiodiplodia theobromae in vitro. Subsequently, 135 fruits (cv. Kent) per treatment …

Agrivoltaic, A Synergistic Co-Location Of Agricultural And Energy Production In Perpetual Mutation: A Comprehensive Review, Aminata Sarr, Y. M Soro, Alain K Tossa, Lamine Diop

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Agrivoltaic systems, which consist of the combination of energy production by means of photovoltaic systems and agricultural production in the same area, have emerged as a promising solution to the constraints related to the reduction in cultivated areas due to solar panels used in agricultural production systems. They also enable optimization of land use and reduction in conflicts over land access, in order to meet the increasing demand for agricultural products and energy resulting from rapid population growth. However, the selected installation configurations, such as elevation, spacing, tilt, and choice of panel technology used, can have a negative impact on …

Performance Evaluation Of Burkina Faso’S 33 Mw Largest Grid-Connected Pv Power Plant, Sami Florent Palm, Lamkharbach Youssef, Sebastian Waita, Thomas Nyachoti Nyangonda, Khalid Radouane, Ahmed Chebak

All Rsif Scholars' Publications

This study conducted an in-depth analysis of the performance of the largest Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic System in Burkina Faso from 2019 to 2021. The research utilized measured data and simulated the plant’s performance using the PVGIS database. The results revealed that the months with high solar radiation were the most energy-productive, indicating a direct correlation between solar irradiance and energy generation. During the rainy season (July and August), the PV plant exhibited the highest conversion efficiency. Conversely, the hot season (March and April) was associated with the lowest conversion efficiencies, with module temperatures reaching approximately 47 ◦C. Efficiency decreased from …

Genetic Diversity Of Newcastle Disease Virus Involved In The 2021 Outbreaks In Backyard Poultry Farms In Tanzania, Charlie Frank Arthur N'Guessan Amoia, Jean N. Hakizimana, Nisha K. Duggal, Augustino A. Chengula, Mohammed A. Rohaim, Muhammad Munir, James Weger-Lucarelli, Gerald Misinzo

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Newcastle disease virus is a significant avian pathogen with the potential to decimate poultry populations all over the world and cause enormous economic losses. Distinct NDV genotypes are currently causing outbreaks worldwide. Due to the high genetic diversity of NDV, virulent strains that may result in a lack of vaccine protection are more likely to emerge and ultimately cause larger epidemics with massive economic losses. Thus, a more comprehensive understanding of the circulating NDV genotypes is critical to reduce Newcastle disease (ND) burden. In this study, NDV strains were isolated and characterized from backyard poultry farms from Tanzania, East Africa …

Bioresources In Organic Farming: Implications For Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Akinlolu Olalekan Akanmu, Olumayowa Mary Olow, Austin Tenthani Phiri, Drocelle Nirere, Adeyinka John Odebode, Noëlla Josiane Karemera Umuhoza, Michael Dare Asemoloye, Olubukola Oluranti Babalola

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Over the years, the practice of agriculture has transformed from the era of traditional to that of intensive agriculture in the bid to boost the production index that will satisfy the food needs of the globally growing population. However, the continuous and exaggerated use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has resulted in major adverse impacts on food and environmental safety, whereas most traditional techniques for reclamation of natural soil nutrients, including shifting cultivation and polyculture, are no longer attractive measures of land rejuvenation. There is, therefore, the need for urgent evaluation and adoption of innovative methods of replenishing the agricultural …

Geospatial Characterization Of Climate-Smart Agroforestry In Two Contrasting Physiographic Zones Of Rwanda, Donatien Ntawuruhunga, Edwin Estomii Ngowi, Halima Omari Mangi, Raymond John Salanga, Mashisia Shikuku

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Efficient use of rich natural resources notably land, is one of the most important indicators of economic progress. The unmatched population growth with production has triggered increased demand for food. Nations have prioritized sustainable agriculture as a coping strategy. Climate-smart agroforestry (CSAF) can be one of the options to increase productivity, income, and food security, and stabilize the environment. CSAF denotes a practiced farming system of combining trees with crops or animals (AF) evolved in practices to enhance productivity and feed the food-insecure people while coping with the adverse effects of climate change. This study investigates the land suitability for …