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Human Capital Management Information System At The Nelson Mandela African Institution Of Science And Technology Of Tanzania: Challenges Encountered, Nicodemus S. Marcel, Oscar W. Tefurukwa

BISNIS & BIROKRASI: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi dan Organisasi

In 2011, government institutions began utilizing HCMIS to reduce the manual workload of traditional administrative processes. The adoption of HCMIS in Tanzania is expected to increase efficiency by optimizing data accuracy, reducing costs, and eliminating paperwork. However, payroll losses continue to persist in the public sector. In 2018, the government incurred losses of Tanzania shillings (Tshs) 19.6 billion to 12,697 ghost workers. This study examines the challenges hindering the application of HCMIS in supporting selected human resource management (HRM) functions at the Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST). This study applied Institutional Theory and Socio-Technical Theory as …

Application Of Mangrove Timber In Reinforcing Concrete, John K. Makunza Jkm

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Use of mangrove timber beams for supporting floor slabs in historic buildings in Zanzibar Stone Town is still applied although the available structural data on mangrove timber is inadequate. This concern has called for an investigation on the structural properties of mangrove timber, so that the information obtained could help to establish the structural strength of the existing floor slabs in historic buildings. Hence, mangrove timber specimens were sampled from Zanzibar, and tested in the laboratory for their strengths in tension, compression and shear. The test results showed that mangrove is a hardwood timber of strength class D70, the highest …

A Multitask Learning Framework For Pilot Decontamination In 5g Massive Mimo, Crallet Victor

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Reference signals enable the acquisition of channel state information (CSI) for purposes such as channel estimation, beam selection, precoding, and symbol detection in 5G massive multiple-input multiple output (MAMIMO) systems. Eventually, as more and more users and cells are added, orthogonal reference signals become few which leads to pilot contamination. Pilot contamination limits the performance and occurs when non-orthogonal reference signals occupy time-frequency resources that are alike. Learning-based techniques have been proposed to alleviate it. However, each can only learn to perform a single task namely pilot assignment, power allocation, pilot design, or de-noising for pilot decontamination. In addition, each …

Effects Of Bacillus Thuringiensis, Beauveria Bassiana, Neem, And A Tomato Inter-Crop On Diamondback Moth (Plutella Xylostella L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) In Tharaka-Nithi County, Kenya, Ceciliah N. Ngugi, Jesca N. Mbaka Mbaka, Hellen W. Muthengi

Tanzania Journal of Science

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) is an important crop in Kenya, ranked 3rd among the exotic vegetables. Diamondback moth (DBM) is a major cabbage pest that can cause a 100% loss in yield if not well managed. Farmers indiscriminately use synthetic pesticides associated with environmental, health, and pest resistance concerns to manage the DBM. To increase the availability of technologies for effective management of DBM in Kenya, three biopesticides; BioPower (Beauveria bassiana 1.0 x 108 CFUs/g), Dipel DF® (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki), Neemraj Super 3000 (Azadirachtin 0.3% EC), and a tomato inter-crop were evaluated. Cabbages (30 plants) spaced at 40 …

An Overlapped Sub-Array Hybrid Beamforming Architecture With Successive Interference Cancellation And Water-Filling In Massive Mimo Systems, Godwin Mruma Gadiel

Tanzania Journal of Science

Over the years, wireless communication has significantly improved the data rate of mobile users. The key drive behind this success is the technological advancement in wireless communication. In the physical layer, hybrid beamforming has revolutionized the way signal reaches the user by constructively adding the signal at the destination thus improving the performance. Many researchers works have proposed different algorithms to solve for optimal hybrid beamforming. However, there is no single algorithm that can achieve both high spectral efficiency and energy efficiency at the same time. This work proposes a hybrid algorithm that combines successive interference cancellation and water filling …

Optical Characterization Of Photocatalytic Tungsten Oxide/Tin Oxide (〖Wo〗_3/〖Sno〗_2) Thin Films For Use In Degradation Of Water Pollutants, Victor Isahi, Christopher Maghanga, Mghendi Mwamburi, Onesmus Munyati, Sylvester Hatwaambo, Emmanuel Akoto, Wycliffe Isoe, Mir Waqas Alam

Tanzania Journal of Science

Organic pollutants in water have been a challenge and pose significant risks to human health. As a result, research efforts to eliminate these pollutants have been on the rise. Photocatalysis has shown incredible potential in water treatment containing organic pollutants since it is affordable and utilizes solar energy. Tin oxide ( ) has ardently been investigated as a photocatalyst for water treatment due to its remarkable properties such as; non-toxicity, and stability. However, its wide band gap and the tendency for some electrons and holes to recombine during its use have been cited to be among limiting factors affecting its …

Assessment Of The Offline Setup Correction Protocol And Thermoplastic Mask Use For Head And Neck Cancer Radiotherapy: A Single Institution Experience, Furahini Yoram, Nazima Dharsee, Khamza Maunda, Jumaa D. Kisukari, Geofrey F. Soko

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study assessed the efficiency of offline setup correction protocol and the use of a thermoplastic mask for head and neck cancer (HNC) patients treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy at Ocean Road Cancer Institute. A prospective study was conducted from April to August 2021 to verify 62 patients’ treatment setup using an offline setup correction protocol while immobilized with a thermoplastic mask. Megavoltage images were matched with digitally reconstructed radiographs obtained during CT simulation to determine the gross set-up deviations. Box plots were used to show the deviations on three consecutive days of the first week and a successive weekly …

Effective Enhancement Of Post-Harvest Tomato Storage Through Wrapping Using Deacetylated Chitin Nanofibril-Plasticized Honey Films, Ngesa Ezekiel Mushi, Edina Meela, Divina Kaombe

Tanzania Journal of Science

As one of the most grown seasonal fruit, tomato is widely consumed for making food products, drugs and ornaments. However, poor post-harvest handling system, transport and storage facilities deteriorate the quality of tomato fruits resulting into post-harvest losses. These problems have been addressed by the use of nanotechnology in this study. The combination of a chitosan surface and the core shell chitin results into novel deacetylated chitin nanofibril (DeChNF) with good biological activity and mechanical strength. The effectiveness of the DeChNF films for food preservation as an alternative material to chitosan is investigated. The DeChNF with degree of acetylation (DA) …

Hydro-Geochemistry And Related Processes Controlling The Composition Of Thermal Waters In The Lake Natron Basin, Northern Tanzania, Edista A. Abdallah, Charles H. Kasanzu, Crispin P. Kinabo, Akira Imai

Tanzania Journal of Science

Lake Natron Basin (LNB) forms part of the eastern branch of the East African Rift System (EARS) in Tanzania. The basin is endowed with thermal springs flowing towards the lake from the western, northwestern, southwestern and eastern parts. The western, northwestern and south-western thermal springs emanate from fractures in the basaltic rocks while in the east, they originate from the western flank of the Gelai volcano. There are limited studies on these springs, thus their geochemical differences and distributions of physicochemical parameters are not well understood. A hydrogeochemical study was conducted to interpret available geochemical data from the LNB springs, …

Mineralogy And Geochemical Characteristics Of Matamba Kaolin Deposit-Njombe Region South-Western Tanzania: Implications For Industrial Applications, Melania A. Nyimbo, Ronald J. Massawe, Michael M. Msabi

Tanzania Journal of Science

Kaolin is a commercial clay material composed of hydrated aluminosilicate mineral kaolinite and used in various industrial applications such as ceramics, paper, paints, refractories, fiberglass, plastics, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. It is formed as a result of strong chemical weathering of crystalline and feldspar-rich rocks or hydrothermal alteration of granitic rocks at relatively low temperature and pressure conditions. The kaolin deposit of Matamba originated from the weathering of leucogabbro rock during the development of the African land surface. In view of highlighted properties, the mineralogy and chemical characteristics of the Matamba kaolin deposit were investigated to determine its industrial applications. As …

Design Of A Cooling System Integrated With Ultraviolet Light For Preservation Of Fruits And Vegetables At Variable Tropical Weather Conditions: A Case Study Of Arusha, Tanzania, John Pyuza Gunda, Alexander Pogrebnoi, Baraka Kichonge

Tanzania Journal of Science

Post-harvest losses of fruits and vegetables pose significant challenges, especially in tropical climates. This study introduces the development and performance evaluation of a solar-powered evaporative cooling storage system integrated with ultraviolet light (UV) designed for preservation of perishable fruits and vegetables. The cooling chamber supplied with ultraviolet lamp was developed using locally available materials such as sisal, sponge, and bricks. The performance of the system was evaluated in terms of air temperature decrease, relative humidity increase, and evaporative cooling power capacity both for sunny and cloudy tropical weather conditions. The study reveals that activating the UV light considerably extends the …

Wind Speed Forecasting Using Wavelet Analysis And Recurrent Artificial Neural Networks Based On Local Measurements In Singida Region, Tanzania, Rajabu J. Mangara, Mwingereza J. Kumwenda

Tanzania Journal of Science

High accuracy wind speed forecasting is essential for wind energy harvest and plays a significant role in wind farm management and grid integration. Wind speed is intermittent in nature, which makes the forecasting to be a big challenge. In the present study, three hybrid single-step wind speed forecasting techniques are proposed and tested by local measurement data in Singida region, Tanzania. The three techniques are based on Wavelet Analysis (WA), Back Propagation (BP) optimization algorithm, and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). They are referred to as WA-RNN, BP-RNN, and WA-BP-RNN. The model results showed that WA-BP-RNN outperforms the other two proposed …

Spirulina (Arthrospira Fusiformis, Gomont 1892) As A High-Quality Feed Ingredient For Nile Tilapia Fingerlings, Angelina Michael, Margareth S. Kyewalyanga, Charles V. Lugomela

Tanzania Journal of Science

A partially randomized experimental design was conducted to evaluate the effect and potential of spirulina species (Arthrospira fusiformis) isolated from Momela Lakes, Tanzania, on the growth, antioxidant capacity, feed utilization, and body composition of Nile tilapia fingerlings. Five dietary treatments were formulated, including spirulina meal at 5%, 10%, and 15% of the total diets, as well as control diets with freshwater shrimp or Lake Victoria sardine. The protein content of the experimental diets was 25, 28, and 35% for a treatment containing spirulina at 5, 10, and 15% inclusion, respectively, while the control diets had 35% crude protein each. After …

Microplastics In Marine Sediments From Dar Es Salaam Coast: Spatial Distribution And Characterization, Macarius P. Mtega, Matobola J. Mihale, Kessy F. Kilulya

Tanzania Journal of Science

The purpose of the research was to determine the spatial distribution and characterization of microplastics in marine sediments of beaches along the Indian Ocean of Dar es Salaam coast. The sediment samples were extracted in triplicate using floatation method followed by digestion of organic debris, then analyzed using At-FTIR spectrophotometer and stereomicroscope. The mean concentrations of microplastics for Kijichi Beach were 700 ± 907 particles/m2 at 1 cm, 859 ± 839 particles/m2 at 5 cm and 590 ± 782 particles/m2 at 10 cm; from Palm Beach were 157 ± 15 particles/m2 at 1 cm, 130 ± 182 particles/m2 at 5 …

Experimental Measurements Of Ignition Delay Times Of Iso-Octane/N-Butanol Blend Mixtures In Rapid Compression Machine (Rcm), Myeji Materego, Derek Bradley

Tanzania Journal of Science

Among oxygenated alternative fuels, n-butanol is considered as a promising alternative biofuel which can partially (or fully) replace conventional transportation fuels currently in use. However, before n-butanol can be commercially utilised, its fundamental combustion characteristics need to be fully understood. In this work, the effect of adding n-butanol on autoignition property of iso-octane was studied. Measurements of ignition delay times for the two blends of n-butanol proportions of 30% and 50% by mole weight were made in a Rapid Compression Machine for stoichiometric mixtures at 2.0 MPa and temperature range 651-918 K. n-butanol increased ignition delay times of iso-octane at …

Ethnobotanical Survey On The Knowledge And Use Of Medicinal Plants For Malaria Management Among University Students, Felista W. Mwingira, Deokary J. Matiya, Neema G. Mogha

Tanzania Journal of Science

Malaria remains a public health problem in Tanzania, escalated by the emergence of both parasite and vector resistance. Plant-based traditional medicines have been widely utilized as alternatives to malaria management. However, proper documentation is minimal, especially among the younger generation. This study assessed the knowledge of medicinal plants for malaria management among 532 Dar es Salaam University College of Education students. Overall, twenty-four plant species, most belonging to the family Asteraceae, were identified with Azaradichta indica being the most dominant species. These results reveal a substantial knowledge of medicinal plants for malaria management among university students.

An Efficient Derivative Free Iterative Method And Condition Number Of Nonlinear Equations Arising From Real World Phenomena, Alatuhigha Nguni, Chacha S. Chacha, Adeline P. Mtunya

Tanzania Journal of Science

Recent researches have shown a great interest in developing novel numerical methods for solving nonlinear equations of the form  arising from real world phenomena.  However, very little attention has been given to the study of condition numbers which is an important aspect in measuring the sensitivity of the problem in response to slight perturbations in the input data. In this article, we present an efficient free derivative iterative scheme constructed by refining Newton-Raphson method standard form in which the derivative term is approximated by using finite difference scheme; hence making it derivative free. We also conducted an in-depth analysis of …

A Radial Basis Function Neural Network Algorithm For The Simultaneous Retrieval Of Two Meteorological Parameters From Solar Radiation, Nicholas W. Nzala, Nicolausi Ssebiyonga, Dennis Muyimbwa, Taddeo Ssenyonga

Tanzania Journal of Science

Local meteorological parameters are key in understanding the frequency of occurrence of extreme weather conditions such as floods, and droughts, among others. In this study, we present a method for simultaneous retrieval of two weather parameters. The method is based on already measured monthly average values of weather parameters from 2011 to 2016, which were used to train a Feed-forward radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) to obtain a fast and accurate method to compute global solar radiation for specified weather parameters pair. In inverse modelling, a multidimensional unconstrained non-linear optimization was employed to retrieve the weather parameters pair. The …

Evaluation Of The Inhibitive Properties Of Silver Nanoparticles In Senna Occidentalis Root Extract As Corrosion Inhibitor Of Mild Steel, Victor O. Egbeneje, Samuel E. Okhale, Chinyere Imoisi, Isaac O. Ogbogo, Omolade Ojo

Tanzania Journal of Science

The use of nanoparticles as corrosion inhibitors has gained popularity because of its increased corrosion efficiency due to increase surface to volume ratio. Nanoparticles which undergo physisorption/chemisorption to the corrosion metal surface and inhibit the corrosion efficiently also have low toxicity, low cost and easy production. In this research work, weight lost method was applied to study the inhibitive properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using Senna occidentalis root extract as environmentally benign corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 medium at 298 K and 308 K. It was observed that the corrosion rate of the steel sample …

Enhancing Service Restoration In Tanzanian Power Grid Using Internet Of Things Sensors And Renewable Energy Sources, Rukia J. Mwifunyi, Daudi C. Mnyanghwalo, Shamte J. Kawambwa

Tanzania Journal of Science

The increased dependence on the electric power grid, coupled with the increasing number of new customers, motivates the need to improve the reliability and resilience of the electric distribution systems. Modern distribution systems are becoming more resilient against power outages due to the increasing integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and the availability of efficient mechanisms for load shedding. Several studies considered fault detection and Service Restoration (SR) as separate problems without considering the implementation feasibility of integrating both solutions. To ensure the resiliency in the power system, it is important to have proper mechanisms which integrate sensing, detection, and …

Public Perceptions Of Water Quality In The Lake Bunyonyi Sub-Catchment, Western Uganda, Alex Saturday, Thomas J. Lyimo, Siajali Pamba, Susan Kangume, Jeniffer Turyatemba

Tanzania Journal of Science

Lake Bunyonyi ecosystem plays vital roles in water resource conservancy and tourism. Nevertheless, the rapid increase in human population and the unrelenting human activities are threatening the values, functions, and ecological integrity of the lake. In this study, the public perceptions of drinking water quality and its health implications in the Lake Bunyonyi Sub-catchment, Western Uganda are presented. A closed-ended questionnaire was administered to 267 respondents living within one Kilometre away from the lake shores. Besides, observation and interview methods were used to complement data collected by the questionnaire method. Results indicate that the prominent activities around the lake are …

The Role Of Information And Communication Technology In Sustainable Development: The Input Of Nigerian Academic Libraries, Jerry Eyerinmene Friday Mr, Favour Oghenevwarodovwe Oweibo Mrs

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The main objective of this paper was to examine the role of information and communication technology (ICT) in sustainable development in Nigeria. The paper further intended to explore the contributions of Nigerian academic libraries towards providing ICT services to promote quality education as well as sustainable development in Nigeria. In accomplishing its aim, the paper reviewed the concept of ICT, academic library, sustainable development, objectives of ICT for sustainable development, ICT facilities used in academic libraries, uses of ICT in education, potentials of ICT in promoting quality education, digital information services of Nigeria academic libraries geared towards achievement of sustainable …

Determinants That Affect Information Security Awareness And Behavior: A Systematic Literature Review, Abdurehman Ali, Solomon Negash

African Conference on Information Systems and Technology

In today’s digital age, it is crucial for all organizations to manage their information systems security. This makes them potentially endangered by actions of employees and users. So there is a need of investing more on security related issues; one of them is giving attention for the human i.e. the social aspect of security. This paper critically analysis the different literatures using a systematic literature review technique using PRISMA search protocol concerning the determinants which most affect information security awareness and behavior. The information security training or education has given more emphasis than behavior and attitude. Then after identifying those …

Exploring The Provision Of Information Services For Visually Impaired Students: Lessons Learned From The University Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Dotto Kabogolo,, Christian Mubofu

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study employed a descriptive research method to investigate the provision of information services for visually impaired students (VIS) at the University of Dar es Salaam. The research conducted a comprehensive examination by employing a census sampling technique, targeting a population of 25 VIS. Qualitative methodologies were utilized to collect data, with thematic analysis serving as the means to categorize and describe the gathered information. The study's findings revealed that VIS have specific information needs, notably necessitating orientation programs for university management and the acquisition of effective computer application skills to manage their studies proficiently. Additionally, the study identified commonly …

Impact Of E-Resources In Promoting Reading Habits: A Study Among The Central Library Users Of University Of Rajshahi, Bangladesh, Dr. Partha Biplob Roy, Susmita Tarofder Misty, Zihadur Rahman, Dil Afroz Bente Aziz

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The widespread adoption of electronic resources, particularly in the realm of reading books, has transformed the landscape of academic libraries across the globe. This study explores the impact of e-resources on the reading habits and preferences of Central Library users at the University of Rajshahi. By analyzing the attitudes and experiences of students, faculty, and researchers, this research sheds light on the significance of e-resources in modern-day learning environments. The core purposes of the study are to investigate the trend and impact of using electronic resources, to explore the reasons, to know the benefits of using e-resources by the students. …

The Effect Of System Quality And User Quality Of Information Technology On Internal Audit Effectiveness In Jordan, And The Moderating Effect Of Management Support, Ahmad Yahiya Ahmad Bani Ahmad (Ayassrah), Anas Ahmad Mahmoud Bani Atta, Hanan Ali Alawawdeh, Nawaf Abdallah Aljundi, Amer Morshed, Saleh Amin Dahbour

Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences

The goal of this study is to ascertain the moderating role that management support has in internal audit effectiveness in Jordan, as well as the impact of system quality and user quality of information technology. There were 172 responders in all, and they were split across Jordanian auditors. In the data analysis process, the quantitative analysis test— which consists of the validity test, reliability test, test of conventional assumptions, and hypothesis test—is applied. Information technology system and user quality are independent variables in this study. The dependent variable in this study is internal audit effectiveness, and the moderating variable is …

Investment In Teacher-Education Versus Teacher-Educational Research For Effective Teacher-Professional Learning, Nipael Mrutu, Esther Kibga, Aladini Hoka, Peter Kajoro, Fredrick Mtenzi, Hamis Nkota, Tage Biswalo

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

Purpose: This systematic research paper provides a comprehensive review of studies and literature on three terms i.e., teacher education, teacher professional learning and teacher education research more specifically in the context of the Tanzania education system. One of the most important aspects identified in teacher education in recent years is teacher educational research despite being yet overlooked. Teacher educational research creates a better juncture through which a gap between teacher education and teacher professional learning is bridged and the two present well with one another.

Methodology: The analysis used 45 articles related to the three aspects, published in ten …

Nira Ya Mtumwa Aliye Huru: Granville Kachipumo's Life Of Slavery And Redemption In Nineteenth-Century East Africa, Zachary Tyler Levy

Master's Theses

Granville Kachipumo was the Universities Mission to Central Africa’s African-born teacher at Mkului in East Africa near today’s Muheza district of Tanga, Tanzania. He was taken from his home along River Lintipe at 10 to 12 years old. Granville Kachipumo’s life began with his family west of Lake Nyasa. Ripped from the arms of his parents, Granville Kachipumo faced two inland journeys, each with its complex forms of slave trade. From the inland environment, Granville Kachipumo navigated to the mission halls of Masasi and beyond. Kachipumo’s story is, as Arthur Cornwallis Madan stated, “a story of an intelligent boy who …

Africa’S Coastal Archaeological Record And Climate Change, Michael Murphy

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Since the 1980s, archaeologists have warned about threats from anthropogenic climate change (ACC) to the world’s archaeological record in coastal areas. Until recently, such warnings did not include Africa’s archaeological record. There is a persistent gap in research on climate change and Africa’s archaeological and cultural heritage stretching back before the U.N. established the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the gap and help to narrow it. The approach is to take advantage of the availability of the dataset from the first geographically comprehensive study of climate change and coastal …

Feasibility And Clinical Acceptability Of Automation-Assisted 3d Conformal Radiotherapy Planning For Patients With Cervical Cancer In A Resource-Constrained Setting, Sikudhani Muya, Jerry Ndumbalo, Sarah Kutika Nyagabona, Shaid Yusuf, Dong Joo Rhee, Beatrice Paul Mushi, Benjamin Li, Li Zhang, Surbhi Grover, Mary Feng, I-Chow Hsu, Elia Mmbaga, Katherine Van Loon, Laurence Court, Melody Xu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: The Ocean Road Cancer Institute (ORCI) in Tanzania began offering 3D conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) in 2018. Steep learning curves, high patient volume, and a limited workforce resulted in long radiation therapy (RT) planning workflows. We aimed to establish the feasibility of implementing an automation-assisted cervical cancer 3DCRT planning system.

Materials and methods: We performed chart abstractions on 30 patients with cervical cancer treated with 3DCRT at ORCI. The Radiation Planning Assistant (RPA) generated a new automated set of contours and plans on the basis of anonymized computed tomography images. Each were assessed for edit time requirements, dose-volume safety …