The Relationship Between Autism And Suicide: Risk Factors And Potential Mitigation Strategies, Derica J. Su, Tanya L. Procyshyn

Modern Psychological Studies

Suicide is a major problem worldwide, but individuals with autism may be at particular risk due to multiple factors—perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belonging, and capability for suicide, according to the IPTS model for suicidality as modified by Pelton and Cassidy (2017). This article focuses on these three factors and proposes a new feature of the model: the intersection between perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belonging. Existing suicide support mechanisms for young adults with autism without intellectual disability that target the main components of the model will be critiqued, and areas for further improvement will be suggested. Potential areas for future inquiry may …

Stepping Beyond The Bars: A Comparative Analysis Of Personality Traits In Previously Incarcerated Males And Females, Alexandra Anthonioz, Amanda Elbassiouny, Kayla Sircy

Modern Psychological Studies

The current study sought to explore differences in a previously incarcerated individual’s personality traits based on biological sex. It was posited that within a population of individuals who were formerly incarcerated, males would demonstrate a greater prevalence of personality traits that have been previously associated with involvement in the criminal justice system, compared to females. A total of 2,400 previously incarcerated people from Wave IV of The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (ADD Health) were asked questions related to personality traits. Previously incarcerated females had significantly higher levels of impulsivity than females not previously incarcerated, whereas previously incarcerated males …

The Social And Emotional Impacts Of Children And Adolescents In Foster Care, Raiannamei Gappi Elad, Kenneth Tremper, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry

Modern Psychological Studies

Foster care is a substitute form of care in which children are placed away from their biological families and/or guardians. The scope of this literature review examines 39 scholarly articles (i.e., journals, reviews, meta-analyses, and reports) ranging from the years 1997-2021 of children and adolescents between the age range of six months old to young adulthood. We explore different factors that contribute to adverse child and adolescent outcomes in foster care, such as physical home environment, placement instability, the role of foster parents, and support systems; all which play a key role in the overall foster care experience of youth. …

Chapter 5- Structure For Success: Incorporating Habits Of Mind Into Online Courses, Missy Kofoed

Habits of Mind

Interest and participation in online courses in higher education has grown significantly over the past decade (Palvia et al., 2018). This growth was further amplified due to the increased online course options offered during the years of the Covid-19 pandemic. Data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System indicates that about 73% of students were enrolled in a distance education course in the fall of 2020 as compared to about 36% in 2019. Even as pandemic restrictions eased, student enrollment in online courses remained high, with 59% of students enrolled in at least one distance education course in the fall …

Chapter 15- Leap And The Net Will Appear: Risk-Taking And Creative Flexibility In The Face Of The Unknown, Raymond Veon

Habits of Mind

Risk-taking is a leap into a space that has not been mapped. Who knows where or how you will land? Consider the following:

• A student completes a portrait drawing, then cuts it into strips and weaves it into another drawing. The result is an intricate yet beautiful image that addresses the complexity of identity that viewers can reassemble in multiple ways, beyond the control of the artist. The art student had never attempted such a work before.
• A wall of torn-out book pages that are pinned and collaged together. Most of the words on the pages are redacted by marker, …

Drug Delivering Properties Of Novel Materials For Dentinal Desensitization, Abu Ahammadullah

Dissertations and Theses

This study focuses on the development of non-toxic dental materials that can adhere to dentin, occlude dentinal tubules, and release a drug with or without biological triggers. The properties of those materials are examined by SEM, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, and a fluoride-selective electrode. The study also investigates the surface modification of calcium carbonate surface with casein, which stabilizes its micro-and nanoparticles in aqueous suspensions, making them suitable for use in dentifrices. The results indicate that the morphology and composition of the particles affect their ability to hold and release eugenol, with the casein-coated calcium carbonate microspheres being the most acid-sensitive …

Nanoscale Electrochemistry At Liquid/Liquid Interface For Biomedical And Energy Applications, Surendra R. Puri

Open Access Dissertations

The charge transfer across the liquid/liquid interface has been playing a crucial role in many biological and energy-related systems such as drug permeation through-bacterial membrane, ion or electron transfer through metal-reducing bacteria in microbial fuel cells (MFCs), and metabolic interaction in commensal bacterial species related to human health. Primarily, direct probing of these phenomena in situ is needed for more realistic fundamental analysis, thereby solving the problem related to public health and renewable energy generation. The interfacial CT in these systems mainly involves redox-inactive species that cannot be detected with conventional metal electrodes. Herein, the liquid/liquid interface is applied as …

The Social And Ecological Dimensions Of Coral Reef Biomonitoring, Elaine Wang Shen

Open Access Dissertations

Coral reefs contain a disproportionately high amount of marine biodiversity and support millions of people worldwide by providing food security and livelihoods. This coupled relationship between reefs and people is increasingly threatened globally by climate change and globalization, as well as locally by overfishing, habitat destruction, and nutrient pollution. Biomonitoring the varied ecological outcomes of these threats and estimating how conservation and management interventions mitigate them are crucial scientific endeavors for understanding the socio-ecological complexity of coral reef dynamics. Common ecological indicators of reef health, however, are theoretically and taxonomically limited when used alone, thus a combination of modeling and …

Utility And Usability Of Two Forms Of Supplemental Vibrotactile Kinesthetic Feedback For Enhancing Movement Accuracy And Efficiency In Goal-Directed Reaching, Ramsey K. Rayes, Rachel N. Mazorow, Leigh A. Mrotek, Robert A. Scheidt

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Recent advances in wearable sensors and computing have made possible the development of novel sensory augmentation technologies that promise to enhance human motor performance and quality of life in a wide range of applications. We compared the objective utility and subjective user experience for two biologically inspired ways to encode movement-related information into supplemental feedback for the real-time control of goal-directed reaching in healthy, neurologically intact adults. One encoding scheme mimicked visual feedback encoding by converting real-time hand position in a Cartesian frame of reference into supplemental kinesthetic feedback provided by a vibrotactile display attached to the non-moving arm and …

“Made To Feel Broken”: Ending Conversion Practices And Saving Transgender Lives, Jennifer Levi, Kevin M. Barry

Faculty Scholarship

There has been a recent unprecedented, coordinated campaign by state governments to deny gender-transition care to transgender youth. It is within this context that Florence Ashley argues in Banning Transgender Conversion Practices: A Legal and Policy Analysis that legislation banning conversion practices is both lifesaving to transgender people directly affected and an important step in securing health and the recognition of dignity for all transgender people. The Authors highly recommend the book as a thoughtful and well-researched look at the issue. They also expand on several topics discussed in the book, including the harm caused by these practices, the constitutionality …

Speculative Futures On Chatgpt And Generative Artificial Intelligence (Ai): A Collective Reflection From The Educational Landscape, Aras Bozkurt, Junhong Xiao, Sarah Lambert, Angelica Pazurek, Helen Crompton, Suzan Koseoglu, Robert Farrow, Melissa Bond, Chrissi Nerantzi, Sarah Honeychurch, Maha Bali, Jon Dron, Kamran Mir, Bonnie Stewart, Eamon Costello, Jon Mason, Christian M. Stracke, Enilda Romero-Hall, Apostolos Koutropoulos, Cathy Mae Toquero, Lenandlar Singh, Ahmed Tlili, Kyungmee Lee, Mark Nichols, Ebba Ossiannilsson, Mark Brown, Valerie Irvine, Juliana Elisa Raffaghelli, Gema Santos-Hermosa, Orna Farrell, Taskeen Adam, Ying Li Thong, Sunagul Sani-Bozkurt, Ramesh C. Sharma, Stefan Hrastinski, Petar Jandrić

Teaching & Learning Faculty Publications

While ChatGPT has recently become very popular, AI has a long history and philosophy. This paper intends to explore the promises and pitfalls of the Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) AI and potentially future technologies by adopting a speculative methodology. Speculative future narratives with a specific focus on educational contexts are provided in an attempt to identify emerging themes and discuss their implications for education in the 21st century. Affordances of (using) AI in Education (AIEd) and possible adverse effects are identified and discussed which emerge from the narratives. It is argued that now is the best of times to define …

The Effectiveness Of Community-Based Palliative Care Program Components: A Systematic Review, M. Courtney Hughes, Erin Vernon, Allison Hainstock

Faculty Articles, Papers, and Other Scholarship

Background: there is evidence that community-based palliative care programs can improve patient outcomes and caregiver experiences cost-effectively. However, little is known about which specific components within these programs contribute to improving the outcomes.

Aim: to systematically review research that evaluates the effectiveness of community-based palliative care components.

Design: a systematic mixed studies review synthesizing quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods study findings using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PROSPERO: ID # CRD42022302305.

Data sources: four databases were searched in August 2021 (CINAHL, Web of Science, ProQuest Federated, and PubMed including MEDLINE), and a close …

Parenting Style In Childhood And Attitudes Toward Caregiving In Adulthood: A Qualitative Study, Abby Baumbach, M. Courtney Hughes, Lily Derain, Yujun Liu

Faculty Articles, Papers, and Other Scholarship

This study aims to explore how relationships with parents during childhood can influence an individual’s attitude toward caregiving later in life. The qualitative data came from 47 respondents who care for adult loved ones, with a caregiver mean age of 46.7. The respondents reflected on their recent experience of providing care for their loved ones and how experiences with their caregivers growing up may have influenced their caregiving attitudes. Using a codebook thematic analysis, themes were generated linking childhood experiences to current attitudes toward caregiving. Themes included reciprocating good care, performing obligatory care, and stopping the generational transference of negative …

Gustation In Insects: Taste Qualities And Types Of Evidence, Bethia H. King, Panchalie B. Gunathunga

Faculty Articles, Papers, and Other Scholarship

The insect equivalent of taste buds are gustatory sensilla, which have been found on mouthparts, pharynxes, antennae, legs, wings, and ovipositors. Most gustatory sensilla are uniporous, but not all apparently uniporous sensilla are gustatory. Among sensilla containing more than one neuron, a tubular body on one dendrite is also indicative of a taste sensillum, with the tubular body adding tactile function. But not all taste sensilla are also tactile. Additional morphological criteria are often used to recognize if a sensillum is gustatory. Further confirmation of such criteria by electrophysiological or behavioral evidence is needed. The five canonical taste qualities to …

Flux To Flow: A Clearer View Of Earth’S Water Cycle Via Neural Networks And Satellite Data, Albert Eric Larson

Open Access Dissertations

Earth’s weather and climate changes dynamically, and humans must monitor the evolution of our environment or fail to plan and adapt. Water is our most valuable resource, and as such it is of the utmost importance to have a continuous view of its movements as water cycles over, in, and under land, in the atmosphere, and in the sea. One way that we observe the water cycle is with satellite measurements. Unfortunately, the resolution of these instruments is typically too coarse to visualize many transient phenomena of interest. If their vision is fine enough, the instrument captures only a small …

Integrating Remote And In-Situ Techniques To Quantify Landscape Evolution, Matthew Maclay

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

With the increasing availability and resolution of remote sensing techniques, the resulting data products are increasingly being applied to answer societally relevant questions regarding quantifying the effects of climate change, mitigating natural hazards, and understanding landscape changes over varying temporal and spatial scales. While the power and potential for such large-scale, efficient, and cost-effective surveys are undeniable, a thorough understanding of any environment requires that remotely sensed data are ground-truthed or put into context with in-situ observations. In this thesis, Chapter 1 presents a literature review of Martian analog sites and discusses the importance of integrating in-situ and remote sensing …

Samozvanets (The Pretender), Matthew Garrell, Alikzandr Malakov

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

he Russian word Samozvanets most directly translates to Imposter in English. However, for this thesis, I have selected the alternative interpretation of Pretender. Imposter implies the taking or assuming of another’s position. Pretender, more personally, carries the meaning of presenting self as something one is not. It is through the lens of the Pretender that I examine the idea of what it means to be a member of a particular ethnicity, and to engage with one’s cultural heritage. I do this through a collection of fictional stories, investigating various lives within the Russian diaspora following the dissolution of the Soviet …

Understanding The Spatial Distribution Of Mercury- Contaminated Sediment Along The Androscoggin River, Debbie F. Sulca

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

Mercury (Hg) from a former Chlor-Alkali Facility (active from the late 1890s until the 1960s) continues to leach into the Androscoggin River from glacial till and bedrock, contaminating the downstream floodplain. Previous work has shown that downstream gradients in stream power affect the erosion and deposition of the floodplain. This study sought to determine if the spatial distribution of Hg downstream of the point source can be predicted from gradients in stream power along a 5 km reach starting 4 km downstream from the point source. Floodplain soil samples were collected at five transects, across three flood recurrence intervals (2-, …

Developing Sustainable Aquaculture At Scale, Shauna A. Bulger

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

Abstract

The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) reported that commercial aquaculture production has outpaced wild fisheries since 2013, and in 2018, aquaculture became the fastest growing food production sector in the world (FAO SOFIA, 2018). Wild fishery landings have not meaningfully increased since the 1980s. As a result, international development organizations and environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) have pitched the industry as a sustainable alternative to wild fisheries and the most promising option for the future of seafood production. Governance and transition scholars, however, are skeptical about if and how the presumed benefits of the fisheries-to-aquaculture will materialize for …

Ferment, Casey Carpenter

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

The fermentation process – an act of breaking down, letting go, and moving forward – is used by the author as poetic lens and as a narrative tool for self-reflection, self-transformation, cultural reflection, and cultural transformation. Akin to our own adolescent maturation, plants, fruits, and vegetables develop protective barriers around their most vulnerable parts in reaction to the health and condition of their lived environment. While serving a purpose of survival in the moment, these barriers will later cause the food to rot and spoil if left unchecked. The act of fermentation is thus explored as a managed process of …

Reconfigurations In Brain Networks Upon Awakening From Slow Wave Sleep: Interventions And Implications In Neural Communication, Cassie J. Hilditch, Kanika Bansal, Ravi Chachad, Lily R. Wong, Nicholas G. Bathurst, Nathan H. Feick, Amanda Santamaria, Nita L. Shattuck, Javier O. Garcia, Erin E. Flynn-Evans

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Sleep inertia is the brief period of impaired alertness and performance experienced immediately after waking. Little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. A better understanding of the neural processes during sleep inertia may offer insight into the awakening process. We observed brain activity every 15 min for 1 hr following abrupt awakening from slow wave sleep during the biological night. Using 32-channel electroencephalography, a network science approach, and a within-subject design, we evaluated power, clustering coefficient, and path length across frequency bands under both a control and a polychromatic short-wavelength-enriched light intervention condition. We found that under …

2d-3d Facial Image Analysis For Identification Of Facial Features Using Machine Learning Algorithms With Hyper-Parameter Optimization For Forensics Applications, Gangothri Sanil, Krishna Prakash, Srikanth Prabhu, Vinod C. Nayak, Saptarshi Sengupta

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Recognizing a face is a remarkable process that humans naturally use. Computer vision has tried to resemble this ability of human vision as a biometric tool to identify humans. Commercial and law enforcement applications are increasingly using face recognition technology to identify people. Currently, it is one of the most sought-after detection methods used in forensics for criminal identification purposes. Owing to similarities in the appearance of certain faces, especially in criminal cases, this problem poses a great challenge in forensic investigation and detection. The novelty of this work lies in the development of a framework for face recognition using …

Research On A Faculty Support Program For Working With Learning Assistants, Adrian Juanson, Gina M. Quan, Jennifer S. Avena, Alexandra Gendreau Chakarov

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Learning Assistant Reflection, Guidance, and Exploration (LA-RGE) is a new program at San Jose State University designed to provide support for university faculty working with learning assistants (LAs). Faculty in LA-RGE attend facilitated bi-weekly meetings throughout the semester which discuss various topics about pedagogy, LAs, and equity. In this presentation, we will discuss a research study on what kind of support is being provided by this program and how that can potentially lead to better partnerships between faculty and LAs. During one-on-one interviews, we asked faculty to discuss their personal experiences over the time they have worked with LAs, and …

A Variant Of Nim Played On Boolean Matrices, Stephen J. Curran, Stephen C. Locke, Richard M. Low

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

We introduce a version of Nim played on a Boolean matrix. Each player, in turn, removes a nonzero row or column. The last player to remove a row or column wins. We investigate the Boolean matrices that represent the Ferrers diagram of an integer partition. An integer partition in which each summand is greater than the number of terms in the partition is said to be strong. The Grundy numbers of Boolean matrices that represent the Ferrers diagram of any integer partition consisting of three or fewer terms are determined. This allows us to classify the P-positions and N-positions of …

The Differing Effects Of A Dual Acting Regulator On Sirt1, Yujin Hur, Johnson Huynh, Emily Leong, Reena Dosanjh, Annemarie F. Charvat, My H. Vu, Zain Alam, Yue Tong Lee, Christiane C. Cabreros, Emma C. Carroll, Greg L. Hura, Ningkun Wang

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

SIRT1 is an NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase that has been shown to play a significant role in many biological pathways, such as insulin secretion, tumor formation, lipid metabolism, and neurodegeneration. There is great interest in understanding the regulation of SIRT1 to better understand SIRT1-related diseases and to better design therapeutic approaches that target SIRT1. There are many known protein and small molecule activators and inhibitors of SIRT1. One well-studied SIRT1 regulator, resveratrol, has historically been regarded as a SIRT1 activator, however, recent studies have shown that it can also act as an inhibitor depending on the identity of the peptide substrate. …

Effects Of Cyclic Heat Stress On The Acute Inflammatory Response In Broilers, Alessandro J. Rocchi, Chrysta N. Beck, Jossie M. Santamaria, Gisela F. Erf

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Heat stress (HS) is a growing concern in broiler production. Little is known regarding the effect of HS on immune function. To examine the effects of HS on innate immunity, the local- and systemic-inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were examined in Cobb 500 male broiler chicks reared under thermoneutral (TN) or cyclic HS conditions. Beginning at four days of age, HS birds were subjected to 35 °C from 8:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. and TN temperatures from 10:00 p.m. to 8:00 a.m. At 37 days of age, four groups of broilers were formed: LPS-TN (8 broilers), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-TN (4 …

Conceptualizing Socio-Emotional Disablism: A Duoethnography Of Crohn’S Disease And Ocd During Covid-19, Kristen L. Cole, Brandi Lawless

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

We utilize duoethnography to help readers better understand the constitutive nature of disability in the contexts of chronic illness and mental health. By doing so, we articulate the concept of socio-emotional disablism, which expands structural and psycho-emotional theories of disablism to account for the ways socio-material interactions trigger emotion-work—the communicative labor and fatigue that accompanies negotiating our own emotions as well as the emotions of others in disabling contexts—thus limiting relational and ideological engagement with disability. We conclude by discussing what the concept of socio-emotional disablism teaches us about how to build more inclusive social futures through deeper interpersonal engagement …

Development And Preliminary Validation Of The Team-Based Learning Student Outcomes Measure (Tbl-Som), Christopher Allen Eidson

All ETDs from UAB

Team-based learning (TBL) is an active pedagogical approach that emphasizes individual and team accountability through specific structuring of classroom assignments and course content. It is widely used throughout the world and across all disciplines of study, although use has increased significantly in the last 20 years, particularly in medicine and health-related fields. In 2008, the conceptual model of TBL was proposed to aid in TBL-related scholarship. While there have been scales designed for use with TBL that pertain to student learning outcomes, most of these focus on student perception and satisfaction, and none of these have used the conceptual model …

Machine Learning And Latent Space Representation Of Optical Responses In Nanostructures And Thin Films, David J. Hoxie

All ETDs from UAB

The ability to tune optical responses in nanophotonics makes this class of materials useful for a broad range of applications, such as drug delivery systems, molecular sensing, green energy, and telecommunications, to name a few. Optical responses that offer strong resonance at small optical mode volume are often sought, requiring manipulation of many material properties i.e., refractive index and nanostructure shape. Machine learning has recently been employed to optimize photonic elements more efficiently. Machine learning optimization of optical responses suffers from reproducibility and accuracy issues due different nanostructures producing similar optical responses. To increase reliability and accuracy in recent neural …

The Association Of Cognitive And Physical Functioning With Health And Mortality Outcomes Among Puerto Ricans, Cheyanne Celine Barba

All ETDs from UAB

Puerto Rico has experienced a rapid increase in the older adult population over the last decade. With a growing older adult population, the importance of healthy aging becomes increasingly more important to understand. Understanding the impact that impairments in cognitive and physical functioning have on older adults in Puerto Rico will be important to supporting the rapidly aging population. The current project proposed to (1) examine predictors of transition to frailty, (2) examine whether cognitive function and frailty are associated with healthcare utilization, and (3) examine frailty and cognitive impairment as predictors of mortality and Alzheimer’s disease related cause of …