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Design, Synthesis, And Evaluation Of Acetyl Coa Synthetase Inhibitors, Michael Emmett Heene

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Invasive fungal species provide a challenge to the current drug landscape, only partiallymet by approved drugs. The Acetyl Coenzyme Synthetase (ACS) enzymes are an attractive target for antifungal compounds because normal mammalian cells do not rely on ACS for energy metabolism while fungal cells do rely on ACS. This work focuses on the design and synthesis of inhibitors of various fungal ACS enzymes. The first class of inhibitors is based on the 2-aminothiazole scaffold originating from a saturation transfer difference (STD) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study and previous whole-organism assays. Ultimately, the 2-aminothiazole core compounds were found to not be …

Prodromal Glutamatergic Modulation With Riluzole Impacts Glucose Homeostasis And Spatial Cognition In Alzheimer's Disease Mice., Caleigh A Findley, Samuel A Mcfadden, Makayla F Cox, Lindsey N Sime, Mackenzie R Peck, Kathleen Quinn, Andrzej Bartke, Kevin N Hascup, Erin R Hascup

Articles

BACKGROUND: Prior research supports a strong link between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and metabolic dysfunction that involves a multi-directional interaction between glucose, glutamatergic homeostasis, and amyloid pathology. Elevated soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) is an early biomarker for AD-associated cognitive decline that contributes to concurrent glutamatergic and metabolic dyshomeostasis in humans and male transgenic AD mice. Yet, it remains unclear how primary time-sensitive targeting of hippocampal glutamatergic activity may impact glucose regulation in an amyloidogenic mouse model. Previous studies have illustrated increased glucose uptake and metabolism using a neuroprotective glutamate modulator (riluzole), supporting the link between glucose and glutamatergic homeostasis.

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized …

The Effects Of Body Weight, Feed Intake, And Weather On Total And Liquid Water Intake In Growing Beef Cattle, Madison Rae Kovarna

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Research conducted in the 1950s to determine water requirements utilized cattle that vary greatly from the animals being raised today. Additionally, most of the previous research has been conducted on animals being fed for slaughter, rather than bulls or reproductive females. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of weather variables, dry matter intake (DMI), and body weight (BW) on total daily water intake (TDWI) and liquid daily water intake (LDWI) in growing beef bulls and heifers. Two contemporary groups of Angus and Simmental x Angus bulls and heifers over a two-year period were utilized in this …

Hmgb2 Regulates The Differentiation And Stemness Of Exhausted Cd8+ T Cells During Chronic Viral Infection And Cancer, Emily N. Neubert, Julia M. Derogatis, Sloan A. Lewis, Karla M. Viramontes, Pedro Ortega, Monique L. Henriquez, Rémi Buisson, Ilhem Messaoudi, Roberto Tinoco

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

Chronic infections and cancers evade the host immune system through mechanisms that induce T cell exhaustion. The heterogeneity within the exhausted CD8⁺ T cell pool has revealed the importance of stem-like progenitor (Tpex) and terminal (Tex) exhausted T cells, although the mechanisms underlying their development are not fully known. Here we report High Mobility Group Box 2 (HMGB2) protein expression is upregulated and sustained in exhausted CD8⁺ T cells, and HMGB2 expression is critical for their differentiation. Through epigenetic and transcriptional programming, we identify HMGB2 as a cell-intrinsic regulator of the differentiation and maintenance of Tpex cells during …

Miniscule And Might Predators: A Cautionary Tale Of The Power Of Mosquitoes In California And The Greater United States, Benjamin Willett

Pitzer Senior Theses

This thesis investigates how the growth of mosquito populations within the United States, and California specifically, poses unique threats both to public health and socio- political conditions. Mosquito species that are native to the country, Anopheles punctipennis (An. Punctipennis) and Anopheles freeborni (An. freeborni) exist in a uniquely threatening position, bolstered by the introduction of invasive species (Ae. aegypti) and Aedes albopictus (Ae. albopictus). A focus on tracing introductions of invasive species and the resulting spread of zoonotic diseases such as yellow fever, dengue, and chikungunya are valuable indicators of how the insects are influenced by human actions. This relationship …

La Puerta Park, Graeme F. Logan

Pitzer Senior Theses

The thesis at hand analyzed ecological corridors, biophilic design, and native planting as individual design entities, and eventually combined them through the creation of a comprehensive park proposal called La Puerta Park. The park was located in the urban matrix of Claremont, CA on a 10-acre parcel of land. The land was recently purchased by Trumark Housing, and a housing development plan was put forth. This project creates a superior alternative to the high levels of impervious surfaces, loss of biodiversity, and lack of community that would ensue after the housing plan implementation. The design process was fluid, as each …

Can Host Traits And Environmental Conditions Predict Helminth Fecundity And Length?, Finley Melnikoff

Pitzer Senior Theses

Helminths are some of the most common parasites in the world, infecting anything from humans to plants to mice. These parasites can play a massive role in determining a host's fitness and ultimately can have consequences on their body condition, reproductive ability, and infection transmission potential. Many factors influence the potential burden helminths have on their hosts–from host traits to environmental conditions–yet helminth fecundity and length have been studied very little in relation to these factors. Helminth fecundity–or how many eggs each female worm has in its ovaries–determines the transmission of the parasite, and helminth length is correlated with fecundity, …

The Impact Of Sugar Sweetened Beverages (Ssbs) Taxes On Consumption And Health Outcomes In Latinx Youth Residing In Los Angeles County, Jacquelyn Campos-Araujo

Pitzer Senior Theses

This proposed research study aims to investigate whether the implementation of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes will lead to reduced consumption and improved health outcomes in the Latinx youth population residing in Los Angeles County. The study will utilize a mixed-methods design, including a baseline survey and health examination, the implementation of SSB taxes, and a follow-up survey and health examination. The expected results suggest a statistically significant reduction in SSB consumption and improved glycemic control following the implementation of the SSB taxation intervention. However, I predict a slight decrease in the number of participants with dental caries, indicating that further …

Major Biochemical Constituents Of Withania Somnifera (Ashwagandha) Extract: A Review Of Chemical Analysis, Ekram Hany Mohamed, Mahmoud Tareq Abdelwahed,, Maha A. Hegazy

Pharmacy

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is a very popular medicinal herb originated mainly in India and found in the Middle East and parts of Africa. Ashwagandha has gained recognition as the most revered plant in Ayurvedic medicine. Studies indicated that it is used as anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, adaptogen, memory enhancer, and possess an effect on neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, it was revealed that the plant exerts antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, aphrodisiac, and cardiovascular protection activities. Due to the biological and nutritional importance of nutraceuticals, particularly ashwagandha, and as part of the ongoing research of the natural products and its bioactive phytochemicals, this review aims …

Nanoghosts For Therapeutic Applications, Ekram Hany Mohamed, Abdel-Mottaleb, Mohamed S. S. Attia

Pharmacy

This chapter illustrates the significance of nanotechnology and new therapeutic formulations based on nanoparticles to improve the efficacy of cargos intended for treating various diseases and disorders. Various strategies were explored to stabilize and equip these therapeutic nanoformulations with the capability to escape the human immune system and enhance the targeted delivery of the cargos to diseased tissues for different biomedical applications including therapeutic, theranostic, imaging, and sensing purposes. Synthetic and natural approaches were widely investigated and it was found that the natural approach employing membranes from different types of human cells to camouflage the nanoparticles or cargos via coating …

Uni Women's Basketball 2023-2024, University Of Northern Iowa

Athletics Media Guides

Contents:

Introduction --- 1
Coaches --- 8
The Panthers --- 12
The Opponents --- 25
2022-23 by the Numbers --- 28
Panther History --- 67

Analyzing The Effects Of Winter-Patch Grazing And Wildfire On Insect Order Hymenoptera In The Northern Great Plains, Kaitlin Schieuer

Schultz-Werth Award Papers

Pollinators are declining globally, threatening global crop production and the biological integrity of many ecosystems. Hymenoptera (the order containing ants, bees, and wasps) is one of the most important insect orders for pollination of a variety of plants, including many crops, and is important as biocontrol for crop pests, and other herbivorous insects. Land management practices affect plant community composition, which influences vegetation-dependent insects, and consequently affects their ecosystem services. Fire and grazing are common practices on working landscapes in the Great Plains. However, how these management techniques impact insect diversity, particularly Hymenopterans, in a mixed-grass prairie ecosystem, is poorly …

Impacts Of Eastern Redcedar Juniperus Virginiana L. On Avian Communities In Eastern South Dakota, Jay Holm

Schultz-Werth Award Papers

Eastern redcedar (ERC) (Juniperus virginiana L.) is the most rapidly spreading woody species in the Northern Great Plains due to fire suppression, planting in windbreaks, and overgrazing. Its encroachment has converted already fragmented and/or degraded grassland into woodland, and there is concern that it may negatively impact grassland-obligate/dependent avian species. In this study, I evaluated avian community composition between ERC-encroached and non-encroached grasslands in eastern South Dakota. Six sites each of encroached grassland and non-encroached grassland were selected. Bird surveys were conducted by performing point counts placed equidistantly along a transect for two years. Presence and abundance of each species …

Kidney Stones And Energy Drinks: A Literature Review, Donovan D. Bentz

Schultz-Werth Award Papers

Kidney stones are common, painful, and expensive to treat. Several factors play a role in the development of stones, particularly the consumption of sugars such as fructose. As such, the consumption of sugary energy drinks contributes to the development of kidney stones. However, there is a lack of understanding behind the mechanism of kidney stone development and the role energy drinks play in stone development. This review analyzes the mechanism of kidney stone development and the effect energy drink consumption has on stone development. Here, we also detail the dietary roles calcium, oxalate, ascorbic acid, and animal protein have on …

Front Matter

BYU Studies

No abstract provided.

The Place—Or The Tribe—Called Nahom? Nhm As Both A Tribal And Geographic Name In Modern And Ancient Yemen, Neal Rappleye

BYU Studies

For decades, Latter-day Saint scholars have argued that “the place . . . called Nahom” in the Book of Mormon (1 Ne. 16:34) is the Nihm region in Yemen, located northeast of Sanaʿa, west of Maʾrib, and south of the Wadi Jawf. The location fits well both with the directions provided for getting to and from Nahom in the Book of Mormon (1 Ne. 16:13–14, 33; 17:1) and with inscriptions dated to Lehi’s time referring to a person called a nhmyn, translated as “Nihmite,” confirming that the name goes back to the right time period. Publications by Princeton, Oxford, …

The Indivisible System: Modeling The Metal-Pterin-Dithiolene System In Molybdenum And Tungsten Cofactors, Cassandra Gates

Bryn Mawr College Dissertations and Theses

Mo and W enzymes are ubiquitous in living organisms and crucial for sustaining life. Mo and W enzyme variety is diverse, but they contain a highly conserved aspect of functionality in these enzymes, the pyranopterin-dithiolene (PDT) ligand. A total of eight possible electron redox equivalents occurs between the metal center and PDT, making the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) and the tungsten cofactor (Tuco) the most redox rich cofactors in all of biology. This research focuses on the development of new pterin-dithiolene synthetic modeling systems for Moco. The knowledge gained from the characterization of these compounds is applied to the enzymes, furthering …

Making Moco: A Personal History, Sharon J. Nieter Burgmayer

Chemistry Faculty Research and Scholarship

This contribution describes the path of my nearly forty-year quest to understand the special ligand coordinated to molybdenum and tungsten ions in their respective enzymes. Through this quest, I aimed to discover why nature did not simply use a methyl group on the dithiolene that chelates Mo and W but instead chose a complicated pyranopterin. My journey sought answers through the synthesis of model Mo compounds that allowed systematic investigations of the interactions between molybdenum and pterin and molybdenum and pterin-dithiolene and revealed special features of the pyranopterin dithiolene chelate bound to molybdenum.

Advancing Our Understanding Of Pyranopterin-Dithiolene Contributions To Moco Enzyme Catalysis, Sharon J. Nieter Burgmayer, Martin L. Kirk

Chemistry Faculty Research and Scholarship

The pyranopterin dithiolene ligand is remarkable in terms of its geometric and electronic structure and is uniquely found in mononuclear molybdenum and tungsten enzymes. The pyranopterindithiolene is found coordinated to the metal ion, deeply buried within the protein, and non-covalently attached to the protein via an extensive hydrogen bonding network that is enzyme specific.However, the function of pyranopterin dithiolene in enzymatic catalysis has been difficult to determine. This focused account aims to provide an overview of what has been learned from the study of pyranopterin dithiolene model complexes of molybdenum and how these results relate to the enzyme systems. This …

Approaches To Avoid Proteolysis During Protein Expression And Purification, Gary T. Henehan, Barry J. Ryan, Gemma K. Kinsella

Books/Book Chapters/ Proceedings

All cells contain proteases, which hydrolyze the peptide bonds between amino acids of a protein backbone. Typically, proteases are prevented from nonspecific proteolysis by regulation and by their physical separation into different subcellular compartments; however, this segregation is not retained during cell lysis, which is the initial step in any protein isolation procedure. Prevention of proteolysis during protein purification often takes the form of a two-pronged approach: first, inhibition of proteolysis in situ, followed by the early separation of the protease from the protein of interest via chromatographic purification. Protease inhibitors are routinely used to limit the effect of the …

The Role Of Teacher Agency In Using Gis To Teach Sustainability: An Evaluation Of A Lower Secondary School Story Mapping Gis Initiative In Ireland, Sasha Brown, Zerrin Doganca Kucuk, Angela Rickard, James Lonergan, Rachel Abernethy, Lorraine Mcnerney, Ronan Foley, Avril Behan, Aengus Byrne, Bernard Essel, Jack Ffrench, Jonathan Faull, Conor Cahalane

Articles

This paper investigates the role of teacher agency for those who were trained in using an innovative Geographic Information Systems (GIS) approach and incorporated GIS into their teaching. While national curricula increasingly emphasise STEM and sustainability approaches, there has been limited analysis of how teachers can bring new software, including GIS, and new approaches into the classroom. Through an evaluation of a teaching initiative “5*S: Space, Surveyors and Students – STEM and the Sustainable Development Goals” designed to bring GIS technology, satellite data, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into classrooms as activities and resources for teachers and students in …

Clinical Radiobiology For Radiation Oncology, Peter Sminia, Olivier Guipaud, Kristina Viktorsson, Vidhula Ahire, Sarah Baatout, Tom Boterberg, Jana Cizkova, Marek Dostál, Cristian Fernandez-Palomo, Alzbeta Filipova, Agnès François, Mallia Geiger, Alistairl Hunter, Hussam Jassim, Nina Frederike Jeppesen Edin, Karl Jordan, Irena Koniarová, Vinodh Kumar Selvaraj, Aidan D. Meade, Fabien Milliat, Alegría Montoro, Constantinus Politis, Diana Savu, Alexandra Sémont, Ales Tichy, Vlastimil Válek, Guillaume Vogin

Books/Book Chapters

This chapter is focused on radiobiological aspects at the molecular, cellular, and tissue level which are relevant for the clinical use of ionizing radiation (IR) in cancer therapy. For radiation oncology, it is critical to find a balance, i.e., the therapeutic window, between the probability of tumor control and the probability of side effects caused by radiation injury to the healthy tissues and organs. An overview is given about modern precision radiotherapy (RT) techniques, which allow optimal sparing of healthy tissues. Biological factors determining the width of the therapeutic window are explained. The role of the six typical radiobiological phenomena …

Basic Concepts Of Radiation Biology, Ans Baeyens, Ana Margarida Abrantes, Vidhula Ahire, Elizabeth A. Ainsbury, Sarah Baatout, Bjorn Baselet, Maria Filomena Botelho, Tom Boterberg, Francois Chevalier, Fabiana Da Pieve, Wendy Delbart, Nina Frederike Jeppesen Edin, Cristian Fernandez-Palomo, Lorain Geenen, Alexandros G. Georgakilas, Nathalie Heynickx, Aidan D. Meade, Anna Jelinek Michaelidesova, Dhruti Mistry, Alegría Montoro, Carmel Mothersill, Ana Salomé Pires, Judith Reindl, Giuseppe Schettino, Yehoshua Socol, Vinodh Kumar Selvaraj, Peter Sminia, Koen Vermeulen, Guillaume Vogin, Anthony Waked, Anne Sophie Wozny

Books/Book Chapters

Radiation biology is the study of the effects of ionizing radiation on biological tissues and living organisms. It combines radiation physics and biology. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the terminology and basic concepts of radiobiology to create a better understanding of the ionizing radiation interactions with a living organism. This chapter firstly describes the different types of radiation, the sources, and the radiation interactions with matter. The basic concepts of radioactivity and its applications are also included. Ionizing radiation causes significant physical and chemical modifications, which eventually lead to biological effects in the exposed tissue or organism. …

Match Demands Of Male And Female International Lacrosse Players Competing Under The World Lacrosse Sixes Format, Anthony Weldon

Articles

Match demands of male and female international lacrosse players competing under the World Lacrosse Sixes format. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 413–422, 2023—World Lacrosse recently announced World Lacrosse Sixes, which aims to be a smaller, faster, and more accessible format of lacrosse, when compared with traditional field lacrosse. This investigation aimed to quantify the movement and physiological demands of World Lacrosse Sixes in male (n 5 25) and female (n 5 22) international players. Match data were collected using Catapult Sports Vector S7 global navigation satellite system microsensors and Polar H1 heart rate (HR) monitors across 7 competitive matches. Results …

Electrochemical Biosensors For The Detection Of Antibiotics In Milk: Recent Trends And Future Perspectives, Baljit Singh Dr., Abhijnan Bhat, Lesa Dutta, Kumari Riya Pati, Yaroslav Korpan, Isha Dahiya

Articles

Antibiotics have emerged as ground-breaking medications for the treatment of infectious diseases, but due to the excessive use of antibiotics, some drugs have developed resistance to microorganisms. Because of their structural complexity, most antibiotics are excreted unchanged, polluting the water, soil, and natural resources. Additionally, food items are being polluted through the widespread use of antibiotics in animal feed. The normal concentrations of antibiotics in environmental samples typically vary from ng to g/L. Antibiotic residues in excess of these values can pose major risks the development of illnesses and infections/diseases. According to estimates, 300 million people will die prematurely in …

Structural And Spectroscopic Study Of New Copper(Ii) And Zinc(Ii) Complexes Of Coumarin Oxyacetate Ligands And Determination Of Their Antimicrobial Activity, Muhammad Mujahid, Natasha Trendafilova, Georgina Rosair, Kevin Kavanagh, Maureen Walsh, Bernadette Creaven, Ivelina Georgieva

Articles

Tackling antimicrobial resistance is of increasing concern in a post-pandemic world where overuse of antibiotics has increased the threat of another pandemic caused by antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Derivatives of coumarins, a naturally occurring bioactive compound, and its metal complexes have proven therapeutic potential as antimicrobial agents and in this study a series of copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes of coumarin oxyacetate ligands were synthesised and characterised by spectroscopic techniques (IR, 1H, 13C NMR, UV-Vis) and by X-ray crystallography for two of the zinc complexes. The experimental spectroscopic data were then interpreted on the basis of molecular structure modelling and subsequent spectra simulation …

Enzymatic Electrochemical Biosensors For Neurotransmitters Detection: Recent Achievements And Trends, Zina Fredj, Baljit Singh Dr., Mohamed Bahri, Peiwu Qin, Mohamad Sawan

Articles

Neurotransmitters (NTs) play a crucial role in regulating the behavioral and physiological functions of the nervous system. Imbalances in the concentrations of NT have been directly linked to various neurological diseases (e.g., Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Alzheimer’s disease), in addition to multiple psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, depression, dementia, and other neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, the rapid and real-time monitoring of the NTs is of utmost importance in comprehending neurological functions and identifying disorders. Among different sensing techniques, electrochemical biosensors have garnered significant interest due to their ability to deliver fast results, compatibility for miniaturization and portability, high sensitivity, and good controllability. …

Covid-19 And Colonial Legacies In West Africa, Kalala J. Ngalamulume

History Faculty Research and Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Effect Of An Acute Bout Of Low-, Moderate, And High-Intensity Aerobic Exercise On Immediate And Delayed Fractionated Response Time, Danielle R. Martineau, Ronald V. Croce, Wayne Smith

Honors Theses and Capstones

In the present investigation, we investigated the role of three intensities of aerobic exercise (Low Intensity [LI], Moderate Intensity [MI], High Intensity [HI]) on IPC using a unique method to fractionate RPT into three components: (1) RT, which is the interval between the onset of the stimulus signal and the onset of muscle activity in the responding muscle (cognitive-decision making component), (2) movement time (MT), which is the time interval between the onset of muscle activation and completion of the required motor response, and (3) RPT, which encompasses both RT and MT. Movement time reflects more the muscular components of …

The Effects Of Bacillus Velezensis Ncimb 30322 On Growth Of Chenopodium Ficifolium In Nutrient-Depleted Conditions, Ciana B. Lazu

Honors Theses and Capstones

Abiotic stressors, such as nutrient and drought stress, are a leading cause of crop yield reduction. Some bacteria and fungi are able to promote plant growth and increase stress tolerance by increasing nutrient availability through nitrogen fixation or phosphate solubilization, outcompeting pathogens, productions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), reducing plant stress, and inducing induced systemic resistance (ISR), and thus serve as a valuable component of agricultural ecosystems to reduce dependency on chemical fertilizers. Chenopodium quinoa is a crop native to South America that has been gaining popularity in the United States because of its nutritive properties and resistance to drought …