Digital Commons Network^™

Assessment Of Grass Production And Efficiency Of Utilisation On Three Northern Ireland Dairy Farms, A. J. Dale, P. D. Barrett, C. S. Mayne

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Recent research has shown that grazed grass can be an expensive forage for milk production, particularly if herbage production is low or utilisation is inefficient. There is very limited data on the level of herbage grown and utilised on commercial farms. The objective of this project was to quantify grass production and efficiency of utilisation on farm to substantiate the potential of grazed grass for profitable milk production.

The Effect Of Grassland Management On Bovine Nitrogen Efficiency, N. J. Hoekstra, R. P. O. Schulte, E. A. Lantinga, P. C. Struik

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Nitrogen (N) losses through grazing bovines are at the heart of the current debate on environment and agriculture. N utilisation of grazing bovines is predominantly determined by the form and amount of energy and protein in their diet, which in Ireland consists mainly of grazed grass. The two main problems of grazed grass with respect to animal N utilisation are 1) the imbalance between total N content and energy content, and 2) the lack of synchronisation between the release of N and carbohydrates in the rumen. It was hypothesised that both the balance and synchronisation of N and energy in …

The Effect Of Stocking Rate And Initial Grass Height On Herbage Production And Utilization, And Milk Production Per Unit Area Under Set Stocking By Lactating Dairy Cows, H. Nakatsuji, T. Endo, S. Bawm, T. Mitani, M. Takahashi, K. Ueda, S. Kondo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In our previous study with lactating dairy cows (Nakatsuji et al., 2004), annual herbage production and utilization, and milk production per unit area under set stocking was not always lower than under rotational grazing at the same stocking rate (6 cows/ha). Furthermore, there was a possibility that set stocking could increase pasture utilization and milk production over rotational grazing when cows were grazed at adequate stocking rate and at the appropriate initial date of grazing. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of stocking rate and initial grass height on herbage production and utilization, and …

Better Dairy Farm Management Increases The Economic Return From Phosphorus, J. D. Morton

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Some 60% of New Zealand dairy farms on allophanic and sedimentary soils have soil Olsen phosphorus (P) levels to 75 mm depth above the target range for near-maximum pasture production of 20-30 µg/ml (Roberts & Morton 1999). For an economic response in milksolids (MS) production from high Olsen P, the pasture needs to be capable of high production, and the extra pasture grown be converted to milk. This paper seeks to justify this contention and outline some of the farm management practices required to achieve it.

The Effect Of Two Magnesium Fertilisers, Kieserite And Mgo, On Herbage Mg Content, M. B. O'Connor, A. H. C. Roberts, R. Haerdter

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Supplementing Mg to dairy cows is widely practised in New Zealand. Various methods are used including drenching, pasture dusting, water trough treatment and adding to hay, silage and other feedstuffs (Young et al., 1979). Fertiliser Mg (calcined magnesite, MgO) is widely used to maintain soil Mg status but research has shown that using fertiliser Mg to achieve good soil, pasture and animal Mg status requires large inputs of Mg (120 kg/ha) and maintaining blood serum Mg status in dairy cows tends to be short-lived without further animal supplementation (O’Connor et al., 1987). The objective of these experiments was …

The Effect Of Closing Date And Type Of Utilisation In Autumn On Grass Yield In Spring, E. Mosimann, M. Lobsiger, C. Hofer, B. Jeangros, A. Lüscher

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Due to the low cost of grazed grass, most dairy farmers extend the grazing period in autumn. However, delaying the closing date may reduce the grass yield in the following spring (Roche et al., 1996; O’Donovan et al., 2002). The objective of this experiment, conducted in the Swiss lowlands, was to quantify the effects of closing date and type of utilisation in autumn on grass yield in the following spring.

Field Testing Of A Turnip Growing Protocol On New Zealand Dairy Farms, J. P. J. Eerens, P. M. S. Lane

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Summer droughts are a regular occurrence in central North Island districts of New Zealand, which causes pastures to wilt, lose their nutritive value and stop growing. The resulting summer feed gap depresses farm productivity (Clark et al., 1996). Turnips optimally sown mid-late October (more often sown in November or even December) are grown to fill this feed gap. Recorded average yields of 7.4 t dry matter (DM)/ha are below the economic breakeven point of 8-10 t DM/ha (Clark et al., 1996). A turnip growing protocol was developed from published data (Eerens & Lane 2004) and tested on commercial …

Effect Of Different Phosphorous Sources And Levels On The Productive Behaviour Of A Lotus Pedunculatus Cv. Grasslands Maku Oversown Pasture, R. E. Bermúdez, W. Ayala

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The organic meat production protocol of Uruguay (INAC, 2003) requires that the animals graze pastures that receive no chemical fertilisers. The oversown legume pastures in Uruguay used to be fertilised with soluble phosphorous (P) sources that are not accepted by the protocol. The relative efficiency of different P sources would be useful data for farmers. This information is not available for the acid soils of the eastern region of Uruguay. Lotus pedunculatus cv. Grasslands Maku is one of the most adapted legumes to be included in this type of pasture, as the sown area has increased in the last few …

Labour Input Associated With Grassland Management On Irish Dairy Farms, B. O'Brien, K. O'Donovan, J. Kinsella, D. Ruane, D. Gleeson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The issues of labour and work organisation (working hours, working conditions) must be seriously addressed on Irish dairy farms if dairy farming is to have a viable future. The objective of this study was to quantify the annual labour input per cow on Irish dairy farms, with a specific focus on the task of grassland management, and to establish monthly patterns of labour utilisation over a two-year period for a range of herd sizes.

Factors Affecting Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum L.) Seed Distribution, R. D. Williams, P. W. Bartholomew

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) can be a productive and high-quality cool-season forage in the Southern Great Plains of the U.S.A, if it is managed to produce sufficient seed for effective reestablishment without compromising forage yield. Before the re-seeding dynamics of Italian ryegrass can be modeled an understanding of seed production, seed-shed, and seed dispersal is necessary. Here two factors affecting Italian ryegrass seed dispersal and distribution are examined – wind and cultivation practice (mowing and raking).

Practical Application Of A One-Parameter Approach To Assess The Accuracy Of Two Different Estimates Of Diet Composition In Sheep, C. Elwert, M. Rodehutscord

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The composition of ingested herbage mixtures can be estimated using the alkane technique (Dove & Moore, 1995). Until now, the accuracy of the estimates is assessed by linear regression of estimated and actual proportions of the dietary components. The authors presented an approach to compare actual and estimated diet compositions using only one parameter named Distance (D; Elwert & Rodehutscord, 2005), thus enabling a statement regarding the similarity of estimated and known diet composition. In a feeding trial with sheep, diet composition was estimated using two different levels of information. The accuracy of the two estimates was assessed and compared …

Use Of Alkanes To Estimate Dry Matter Intake Of Beef Steers Grazing High Quality Pastures, G. Scaglia, H. T. Boland, I. Lopez-Guerrero, R. K. Shanklin, J. P. Fontenot

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Pastures remain the most important source of nutrients for ruminant livestock and nutrition is critical to optimize animal production. The daily quantity of dry matter that is consumed by an animal is a critical measurement to make nutritional inferences about feed and subsequent animal response. Researchers are facing the dilemma that, while estimates of individual animal performance are readily obtained, it is still difficult to estimate the herbage intake of individual animals. The objectives of this experiment were to estimate forage intake in beef steers grazing tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa)/tall fescue pastures …

Effects Of Rumen Fill On Intake And Milk Production In Dairy Cows Fed Perennial Ryegrass, A. V. Chaves, A. Boudon

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Physical limitation often limits dry matter intake (DMI) of high producing cows or cows fed high forage diets. The extent to which DMI is regulated by distention in the rumen depends upon the cow’s energy requirement and filling effects of the diet offered (Allen, 2000). The objective here was to challenge middle lactation dairy cows with rumen fill (rumen inert bulk – RIB) feeding ryegrass fresh cut (indoors) or grazed to determine whether RIB affects intake and milk production.

Symposium: The Future Of Reproductive Rights: An Embryo Is Not A Person: Rejecting Prenatal Personhood For A More Complex View Of Prenatal Life, Cynthia Soohoo

ConLawNOW

This essay considers current claims for prenatal personhood after the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization. It first explains how the Dobbs decision unnecessarily adopts a binary view of prenatal life, suggesting that the only option for courts and legislatures is to recognize prenatal personhood or deny protection for prenatal life. This ignores popular understandings that certain laws can and should protect prenatal life, especially where criminal or tortious actions are concerned, but not grant full legal personhood. The Dobbs decision also refused to draw meaningful lines about the value of prenatal life in …

Detection And Capture Of Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria From Soil And Roots Using Plant Specific Lectins, Alana Horton

Natural Sciences and Mathematics | Biological Sciences Master's Theses

Diazotrophs increase plant productivity by providing ammonia directly to plants in the rhizosphere or through association with the roots (Sun et al., 2021). Leveraging diazotrophs can aid in the reduction or application of harmful synthetic nitrogen fertilizers. This thesis aims to use plant root proteins, or lectins, to more rapidly recover viable diazotrophs that are likely to associate with crops. In this study, lectins, are used to recover bacteria from bulk soil by taking advantage of the binding relationship between lectins and bacterial cell surface polysaccharides. When commercially-available lectins were used with a magnetic pulldown to separate the lectin, bacterial …

Objectives And Benefits Of Molecular Breeding In Forage Species, T. Lübberstedt

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

1. The amount of resources and information provided by forage crop genomic programs has dramatically increased during the past few years.
2. Trait-based forward genetic procedures such as mapping and expression profiling have successfully provided new candidate genes or genome regions affecting forage quality. Respective information can easily be transferred across related forage species.
3. Since several genes in major biochemical pathways related to forage traits have been isolated, gene-based reverse genetic approaches (transformation, association studies) are promising.
4. Most genetic experiments are conducted under simplified "artificial" conditions such as on single-spaced plants. Therefore, transferability of respective genetic information to breeding practice needs to …

Both Grass Development Stage And Grazing Management Influence Milk Terpene Content, G. Tornambé, A. Cornu, N. Kondjoyan, P. Pradel, M. Petit, B. Martin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Terpenes are a wide group of molecules originating from plants’ secondary metabolism. Forage terpenes vary according to the botanical composition and in particular to the proportion of plants such as Apiaceae, Lamiaceae or Asteraceae. These molecules are considered effective milk markers for the presence of diversified forages in dairy cow diets. The variation in terpene content in the milk of grazing cows would depend on the period of development of terpene-rich plants and on the grazing management, whereby cows do or do not have the opportunity to choose and to modify the botanical composition of the ingested grass. The aim …

Supplementation Under Intensive Grazing, Silage- Or Grain-Based Diets For Beef Production On Steer Performance And Meat Fatty Acid Composition, J. Martínez Ferrer, E. Ustarroz, C. G. Ferrayoli, A. R. Castillo, D. Alomar

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the main cultivated pasture in Argentina. In beef production enhanced productivity and profit depend on high stocking rates and pasture utilisation, with grain supplementation necessary to maintain high individual live weight gains (LWG) and to increase production per ha (Ustarroz, 1999). Substitution of grazed grass by concentrate can affect meat fatty acid (FA) composition (French et al., 2000). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of intensifying an alfalfa-based grazing system and two confinement dietary regimens for beef steer finishing on animal performance and meat FA composition.

Folder 03: Program: Laying Of The Cornerstone Of The A. C. Van Raalte Memorial Hall At Hope College, 1902, Van Raalte Collection

Box 03: Personal Papers (COLL300)

No abstract provided.

Characterization Of E. Coli Specific, Fhua Dependent Bacteriophage, Colton B. Hansen, Jessica M. Lewis, Kathryn E. Janda, Ian W. Bateman, William R. Mccleary

Library/Life Sciences Undergraduate Poster Competition 2023

The extensive use of antibiotics since their discovery has led to the selection of antibiotic resistant pathogenic strains to become more common. This has increased the interest in bacteriophages to be used to fight these resistant bacteria. In Dr. McCleary's lab we have been investigating the relationship between Escherichia coli and some novel bacteriophage dependent on the ferrochrome hydroxamate transporter FhuA. These iron siderophore transporters allow E. coli to flourish in competitive low iron environments. Using an abundant transport protein such as FhuA likely confers an evolutionary advantage to phage that can target this with their receptor binding protein. This …

Viscoelastic Properties Of Human Facial Skin And Comparisons With Facial Prosthetic Elastomers, Mark W. Beatty, Alvin G. Wee, D. B. Marx, Lauren Ridgway, Bobby Simetich, Thiago Carvalho De Sousa, Kevin Vakilzadian, Joel Schulte

Department of Statistics: Faculty Publications

Prosthesis discomfort and a lack of skin-like quality is a source of patient dissatisfaction with facial prostheses. To engineer skin-like replacements, knowledge of the differences between facial skin properties and those for prosthetic materials is essential. This project measured six viscoelastic properties (percent laxity, stiffness, elastic deformation, creep, absorbed energy, and percent elasticity) at six facial locations with a suction device in a human adult population equally stratified for age, sex, and race. The same properties were measured for eight facial prosthetic elastomers currently available for clinical usage. The results showed that the prosthetic materials were 1.8 to 6.4 times …

Technology And Care To Promote Students' Success, Adnan Alrubaye

TFSC Publications and Presentations

Join the Wally Cordes Teaching and Faculty Support Center for an informal conversation about teaching with the February Cordes Chairperson, Dr. Adnan Alrubaye. Alrubaye teaches courses in both the poultry science and biological sciences departments, and he serves as the associate director for the cell and molecular biology graduate program. He teaches multiple sections of the General Microbiology course, with courses sizes ranging between 30 and 400 students. Alrubaye’s topic will be about tools he uses to provide the best learning experiences for students to help them achieve their learning goals. His philosophy when it comes to working with students …

The Indiana Statesman, February 23, 2023, Indiana State University

Student Newspaper

ISU to make $12M budget cut; Gender-neutral bathroom bill introduced in CA; UK’s Sunak seeks to change to Brexit

Compendium-Wide Analysis Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Core And Accessory Genes Reveals Transcriptional Patterns Across Strains Pao1 And Pa14., Alexandra J Lee, Georgia Doing, Samuel L Neff, Taylor Reiter, Deborah A Hogan, Casey S Greene

Faculty Research 2023

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes difficult-to-treat infections. Two well-studied divergent P. aeruginosa strain types, PAO1 and PA14, have significant genomic heterogeneity, including diverse accessory genes present in only some strains. Genome content comparisons find core genes that are conserved across both PAO1 and PA14 strains and accessory genes that are present in only a subset of PAO1 and PA14 strains. Here, we use recently assembled transcriptome compendia of publicly available P. aeruginosa RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) samples to create two smaller compendia consisting of only strain PAO1 or strain PA14 samples with each aligned to their cognate reference …

Sphingolipid Long-Chain Base Signaling In Compatible And Non-Compatible Plant–Pathogen Interactions In Arabidopsis, Mariana Saucedo-García, Ariadna González-Solís, Priscila Rodríguez-Mejía, Guadalupe Lozano-Rosas, Teresa De Jesús Olivera-Flores, Laura Carmona-Salazar, A. Arturo Guevara-García, Edgar B. Cahoon, Marina Gavilanes-Ruíz

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications

The chemical diversity of sphingolipids in plants allows the assignment of specific roles to special molecular species. These roles include NaCl receptors for glycosylinositolphosphoceramides or second messengers for long-chain bases (LCBs), free or in their acylated forms. Such signaling function has been associated with plant immunity, with an apparent connection to mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MPK6) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This work used in planta assays with mutants and fumonisin B1 (FB1) to generate varying levels of endogenous sphingolipids. This was complemented with in planta pathogenicity tests using virulent and avirulent Pseudomonas syringae strains. Our results indicate that the …

Curriculum Subcommittee Agenda, March 2, 2023, Utah State University

Educational Policies Committee

• Approval of Minutes - February 2, 2023
• Program Proposals
• Semester Course Approval Reviews
• Other Business
• Adjourn: 3:00 pm

Effect Of Osmotic Potential And Temperature On Germination Of Kochia (Bassia Scoparia) Populations From The U.S. Great Plains, Ramawatar Yadav, Prashant Jha, Andrew R. Kniss, Nevin C. Lawrence, Gustavo M. Sbatella

Panhandle Research and Extension Center

Development of integrated weed management strategies requires knowledge of weed emergence timing and patterns, which are regulated primarily by water and thermal requirements for seed germination. Laboratory experiments were conducted in fall 2017 to fall 2018 to quantify the effect of osmotic potential and temperature on germination of 44 kochia [Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott] populations under controlled conditions. Bassia scoparia populations were collected in fall 2016 from northern (near Huntley, MT, and Powell, WY) and southern (near Lingle, WY, and Scottsbluff, NE) regions of the U.S. Great Plains. Ten osmotic potentials from 0 to −2.1 MPa and eight …

How Administration Stakes And Settings Affect Student Behavior And Performance On A Biology Concept Assessment, Crystal Uminski, Joanna K. Hubbard, Brian A. Couch

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Biology instructors use concept assessments in their courses to gauge student understanding of important disciplinary ideas. Instructors can choose to administer concept assessments based on participation (i.e., lower stakes) or the correctness of responses (i.e., higher stakes), and students can complete the assessment in an in-class or out-of-class setting. Different administration conditions may affect how students engage with and perform on concept assessments, thus influencing how instructors should interpret the resulting scores. Building on a validity framework, we collected data from 1578 undergraduate students over 5 years under five different administration conditions. We did not find significant differences in scores …

Trident - Spring 2023, Dugoni School Of Dentistry

Trident

The spring 2023 issue of the orthodontics alumni newsletter at University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry

The College Voice, Vol. 57, No. 8 [February 22, 2023], Connecticut College

2022-2023

No abstract provided.