Digital Commons Network^™

Is It Time To Switch To Bivalirudin For Ecmo Anticoagulation?, Amir Navaei, Vadim Kostousov, Jun Teruya

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

For decades, unfractionated heparin (hereafter, heparin) has been the primary anticoagulant used for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. More recently, however, bivalirudin, a direct thrombin inhibitor, has emerged as an alternative. This systematic review based on PRISMA guidelines, aims to summarize 16 comparative studies and 8 meta-analysis and review articles published from January, 2011 till May, 2023 which directly compares ECMO courses using heparin versus bivalirudin as the anticoagulant. While this comparison is complicated by the lack of a standardized definition of major bleeding or thrombosis, our overall findings suggest there is no statistical difference between heparin and bivalirudin in …

Indices Of Sarcopenic Obesity Are Important Predictors Of Finite Element Analysis-Derived Bone Strength In Older Adults With Obesity, Giulia Gregori, Arjun Paudyal, Yoann Barnouin, Alessandra Celli, Martha Belen Segoviano-Escobar, Reina Armamento-Villareal, Nicola Napoli, Clifford Qualls, Dennis T Villareal

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The expanding population of older adults with obesity is a public health challenge, in part, because of the increased risk of fractures despite normal or high bone mineral density. Potential factors predisposing to fractures in this group include sarcopenia associated with obesity and impaired bone quality. We aimed to determine the contribution of sarcopenic obesity (SO) indices to bone strength as assessed by microfinite element analysis (μFEA) of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT).

METHODS: One-hundred eighty-nine older (age ≥ 65 years) adults with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m

RESULTS: Both ALM/W and HGS were positively correlated explaining 28% …

Intermel: An International Biorepository And Clinical Database To Uncover Predictors Of Survival In Early-Stage Melanoma, Irene Orlow, Keimya D Sadeghi, Sharon N Edmiston, Jessica M Kenney, Cecilia Lezcano, James S Wilmott, Anne E Cust, Richard A Scolyer, Graham J Mann, Tim K Lee, Hazel Burke, Valerie Jakrot, Ping Shang, Peter M Ferguson, Tawny W Boyce, Jennifer S Ko, Peter Ngo, Pauline Funchain, Judy R Rees, Kelli O'Connell, Honglin Hao, Eloise Parrish, Kathleen Conway, Paul B Googe, David W Ollila, Stergios J Moschos, Eva Hernando, Douglas Hanniford, Diana Argibay, Christopher I Amos, Jeffrey E Lee, Iman Osman, Li Luo, Pei-Fen Kuan, Arshi Aurora, Bonnie E Gould Rothberg, Marcus W Bosenberg, Meg R Gerstenblith, Cheryl Thompson, Paul N Bogner, Ivan P Gorlov, Sheri L Holmen, Elise K Brunsgaard, Yvonne M Saenger, Ronglai Shen, Venkatraman Seshan, Eduardo Nagore, Marc S Ernstoff, Klaus J Busam, Colin B Begg, Nancy E Thomas, Marianne Berwick, Intermel Consortium

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: We are conducting a multicenter study to identify classifiers predictive of disease-specific survival in patients with primary melanomas. Here we delineate the unique aspects, challenges, and best practices for optimizing a study of generally small-sized pigmented tumor samples including primary melanomas of at least 1.05mm from AJTCC TNM stage IIA-IIID patients. We also evaluated tissue-derived predictors of extracted nucleic acids' quality and success in downstream testing. This ongoing study will target 1,000 melanomas within the international InterMEL consortium.

METHODS: Following a pre-established protocol, participating centers ship formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue sections to Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center for …

Risk Stratification For Hepatocellular Cancer Among Patients With Cirrhosis Using A Hepatic Fat Polygenic Risk Score, Aaron P Thrift, Fasiha Kanwal, Yanhong Liu, Saira Khaderi, Amit G Singal, Jorge A Marrero, Nicole Loo, Sumeet K Asrani, Michelle Luster, Abeer Al-Sarraj, Jing Ning, Spiridon Tsavachidis, Xiangjun Gu, Christopher I Amos, Hashem B El-Serag

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Polygenic risk scores (PRS) hold the promise to refine prognostication in hepatocellular cancer (HCC). The few available HCC PRS include germline risk variants identified among individuals of mostly European ancestry, but data are lacking on the transportability of these PRS in multiethnic U.S patients with cirrhosis from multiple etiologies.

METHODS: We used data from 1644 patients with cirrhosis enrolled in two prospective cohort studies in the U.S. Patients were followed until HCC diagnosis, death, liver transplantation, or last study visit through June 30, 2021. The high-risk variants in PNPLA3-MBOAT7-TM6SF2-GCKR were combined in a PRS and we evaluated its association …

Long-Term Outcomes And Trends In Liver Transplantation For Hereditary Hemochromatosis In The United States, Peter Lymberopoulos, Sameer Prakash, Anjiya Shaikh, Anshul Bhatnagar, Anthony K Allam, Karthik Goli, John A Goss, Fasiha Kanwal, Abbas Rana, Kris V Kowdley, Prasun Jalal, George Cholankeril

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

There have been conflicting data regarding liver transplantation (LT) outcomes for hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), with no recent data on LT outcomes in patients with HH in the past decade. Using the United Network for Organ Sharing registry, we evaluated waitlist and post-LT survival in all adult patients listed for HH without concomitant liver disease from 2003 to 2019. Post-LT survival for HH was compared with a propensity-matched (recipient and donor factors) cohort of recipients with chronic liver disease (CLD). From 2003 to 2019, 862 patients with HH were listed for LT, of which 55.6% ( n = 479) patients underwent …

Implications Of The Paradigm Shift In Management Of Helicobacter Pylori Infections, David Y Graham

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The recent availability of susceptibility testing for Helicobacter pylori infections in the United Sates has resulted in paradigm shifts in the diagnosis, therapy, and follow-up of H. pylori infections. Here, we reviewed the English literature concerning changes in H. pylori diagnosis and therapy with an emphasis on the last 3 years. We focus on the new methods that offer rapid and convenient susceptibility testing using either invasive (endoscopic) or noninvasive (stool) methods of obtaining test material. We also discuss the implications of this availability on therapy and follow-up after therapy. The approach to therapy was categorized into four groups: (1) …

Inverse Association Between Gluteofemoral Obesity And Risk Of Non-Cardia Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia, Andre G Jove, Hudson M Holmes, Mimi C Tan, Hashem B El-Serag, Aaron P Thrift

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND & AIMS: It is unclear whether obesity confers increased risk of non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma and its precursor, gastric intestinal metaplasia. Here, we examined whether various dimensions of adiposity independently predispose to the development of non-cardia gastric intestinal metaplasia.

METHODS: We compared data from 409 non-cardia gastric intestinal metaplasia cases and 1748 controls without any gastric intestinal metaplasia from a cross-sectional study at the VA Medical Center in Houston, Texas. Participants completed standardized questionnaires, underwent anthropometric measurements, and underwent a study endoscopy with gastric mapping biopsies. Non-cardia gastric intestinal metaplasia cases included participants with intestinal metaplasia on any non-cardia gastric …

Cardiovascular Hemodynamics In Mice With Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Factor 2 Mediated Cytoprotection In The Heart, Andrea G Marshall, Kit Neikirk, Zer Vue, Heather K Beasley, Edgar Garza-Lopez, Larry Vang, Taylor Barongan, Zoe Evans, Amber Crabtree, Elsie Spencer, Josephs Anudokem, Remi Parker, Jamaine Davis, Dominique Stephens, Steven Damo, Thuy T Pham, Jose A Gomez, Vernat Exil, Dao-Fu Dai, Sandra A Murray, Mark L Entman, George E Taffet, Antentor O Hinton, Anilkumar K Reddy

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: Many studies in mice have demonstrated that cardiac-specific innate immune signaling pathways can be reprogrammed to modulate inflammation in response to myocardial injury and improve outcomes. While the echocardiography standard parameters of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, fractional shortening, end-diastolic diameter, and others are used to assess cardiac function, their dependency on loading conditions somewhat limits their utility in completely reflecting the contractile function and global cardiovascular efficiency of the heart. A true measure of global cardiovascular efficiency should include the interaction between the ventricle and the aorta (ventricular-vascular coupling, VVC) as well as measures of aortic impedance and …

What Can We Learn From Covid-19?: Examining The Resilience Of Primary Care Teams, Ashley M Hughes, Kelley Arredondo, Houston F Lester, Frederick L Oswald, Trang N D Pham, Cheng Jiang, Sylvia J Hysong

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to place an unprecedented strain on the US healthcare system, and primary care is no exception. Primary care services have shifted toward a team-based approach for delivering care in the last decade. COVID-19 placed extraordinary stress on primary care teams at the forefront of the pandemic response efforts. The current work applies the science of effective teams to examine the impact of COVID-19-a crisis or adverse event-on primary care team resilience.

METHODS: Little empirical research has been done testing the theory of team resilience during an extremely adverse crisis event in an applied team setting. …

Reward Sensitivity Predicts The Response To Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Children With Autism And Anxiety, Matthew J Hollocks, Jeffrey J Wood, Eric A Storch, An-Chuen Cho, Connor M Kerns, Philip C Kendall

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for anxiety in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, research has yet to examine what cognitive characteristics may influence treatment response. The current study investigated decision-making ability and social cognition as potential (a) predictors of differential treatment response to two versions of CBT and (b) moderators of the effect of treatment condition.

Method: The study included 148 children (mean age = 9.8 years) with interfering anxiety and a diagnosis of ASD who were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial comparing two versions of CBT for anxiety (standard and adapted for ASD). …

Allogeneic Haematopoietic Cell Transplant In Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, Fateeha Furqan, Kwang W Ahn, Yue Chen, Manmeet Kaur, Syed A Abutalib, Nausheen Ahmed, Sairah Ahmed, Mohamed A Kharfan-Dabaja, Johnathan Friedberg, Tara Gregory, Laquisa Hill, Cole Sterling, Stephan K Barta, Mazyar Shadman, Miguel-Angel Perales, Jasmine Zain, Alex F Herrera, Craig Sauter, Mehdi Hamadani

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The prognosis of relapsed/refractory (R/R) anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is poor. Large studies evaluating outcomes of allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) in systemic R/R ALCL are not available. Using the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) database, we evaluated outcomes of 182 adults (aged ≥18 years) with R/R ALCL undergoing allo-HCT between 2008 and 2019. Non-relapse mortality (NRM), disease relapse/progression (REL), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were modelled using Cox proportional hazards models. The median (range) follow-up of survivors was 62 (3-148) months. The 1-year NRM was 18%. The 5-year REL, PFS and OS …

A Design Concept For Launch And Recovery Of Remus 100 Auv From Wam-V 16 Usv, Brendan Palmaccio

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2020 - Present

In this thesis, feasibility of a concept for launch and recovery of the Remus AUV from WAM-V USV is investigated. A modular recovery system which can be added to the WAM-V payload tray was designed, and based on a review of previous literature a CONOPS was developed for the launch and recovery process. The first phase of the CONOPS, which pertains to the position of the REMUS initially on the free surface prior to sling engagement is simulated using ANSYS AQWA. Preprocessing for the simulation involved simplification of the model in ANSYS SpaceClaim to achieve a proper mesh as well …

A Monte Carlo Study Of The Neutron Ambient Dose Equivalent From A Proton Pencil Beam Medical Therapy Unit, Alejandro Rene Lopez Llanes

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2020 - Present

Proton Therapy, an effective cancer treatment, poses unintended consequences for patients and personnel due to secondary neutron production. This study investigates neutron attenuation in shielding materials like concrete using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations to optimize shielding requirements. Experimental limitations, such as detector sensitivity, energy range response, and spatial resolution, lead to inaccurate evaluations. MC simulations address that by modeling radiation transport and neutron interactions with shielding materials. The TOPAS-MC code simulated secondary neutrons generated by a 226.5 MeV energy proton beam on a 30 cm diameter tissue-equivalent target. The target was placed in a 200 cm spherical concrete shell with …

A Shotgun Metagenomic Approach To The Biosynthesis Of Marine Natural Products, René Kathleen Miller-Xavier

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2020 - Present

Genomics has been revolutionized by improved sequencing technologies, allowing for the detailed exploration of microbial dark matter and complex microscopic ecosystems. The bottleneck in genomic workflows has shifted from high-throughput sequencing to data analysis. This dissertation developed the Florida Center for Coastal and Human Health Shotgun Metagenomics Workflow (FCHsm) that is easy to use and tailor to unique datasets. This work acts as the beta-testing for the workflow, as it analyzes disparate biomes (environmental and host microbiomes) at varying sequencing depths (shallow and deep). FCHsm was used to resolve molecular dynamics and mine trans-kingdom metagenomes for secondary metabolic biosynthetic gene …

Advocating Student Within Environment In Application: The Lived Experience Of Sixth Grade Students’ Participation In A Small Group Intervention, Kadeem Campbell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2020 - Present

A sense of belonging is instrumental to an individual’s mental health. The American School Counselor Association outlined that school counselors are responsible for helping students manage emotions and apply interpersonal skills. The school setting plays an integral part in the development of student’s social and emotional competencies. Approaches to school counseling, such as Advocating Student-within-Environment (ASE), are pivotal in efforts to help students expand their social/emotional skills. This study examined the phenomenological experience of sixth grade students who participated in an ASE-influenced counseling program. One objective for this study was to advance the current literature regarding school counseling’s efficacy in …

An Empirical Analysis Of The Impact Of Mandatory Membership Fee On Residential Real Estate Price, Trishanna Gifford

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2020 - Present

This empirical study examines the impact of a homeowners association (HOA) mandatory membership fee on residential real estate prices, a topic that has not been empirically addressed in the real estate literature. A mandatory membership fee is defined as an initiation fee charged by HOAs that grants homeowners country club access. Many studies have examined the impact of the presence of homeowners associations on price but only a few studies have examined the impact of homeowners associations on price by estimating the impact of homeowners association fees. This research expands the HOA literature by examining the specific HOA fee characteristics …

Barriers To Radical Health: An Ethnographic Investigation Of Harm Reduction In Palm Beach County, Florida, Tessa M. Moody

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2020 - Present

Harm Reduction is a public health practice and social justice philosophy which aims to reduce the harms associated with drug use through pragmatic health strategies and advocacy. This paper ethnographically details the experiences and challenges of Harm Reduction advocates in Palm Beach County, Florida for the purpose of exploring cultural and structural barriers for harm reduction in this local setting. Utilizing a lens of Critical Medical Anthropology, cultural and structural barriers represent the shared beliefs and institutional realities which combine to create barriers for advocates in maintaining the Harm Reduction resource they provide, as well as barriers people who use …

Bone Collectors: Personhood And Appeal In The Sale And Trade Of Human Skeletal Remains On Facebook, Evelyn Breda

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2020 - Present

The desire to own human skeletal remains has been prevalent for many years; in our modern technological age avenues for this market have exploded across the internet. This research focuses on Facebook groups dedicated to oddity sales and collecting. Purchasing human remains is illegal in Georgia, Louisiana, and Tennessee as well as prohibited by Facebook terms of service, but these sales persist. Over the course of 2021, 319 listings for human skeletal remains were recorded across six Facebook groups. These listings accounted for most skeletal elements found within the human skeleton. Many elements are artistic in nature, something viewed as …

Childhood Stability And Adult Relationship Functioning, Vanessa Szabolcsi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2020 - Present

Previous research has demonstrated the harmful impacts of adverse childhood circumstances on adult romantic relationships. The current study examines the negative influence of childhood unpredictability on adult relationships and how this effect may be buffered and enhanced, respectively, by cognitive ability and Machiavellianism. A total of 256 participants completed measures of childhood unpredictability, Machiavellianism, cognitive ability, and relationship satisfaction. Individuals who experienced childhood unpredictability reported lower adult romantic relationship satisfaction. Machiavellianism was found to significantly enhance the negative effects of childhood unpredictability on adult relationships for men only. Cognitive ability was not a significant moderator.

Climate Gentrification And Resilience: A Critical Discourse Analysis, Serena A. Hoermann

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2020 - Present

As cities respond to accelerating climate impacts, scholars have identified climate gentrification as a phenomenon exerting displacement pressures on low-income communities, including ethnic enclaves. While climate gentrification pathways literature primarily addresses economic causes and effects, an opportunity exists to better understand policy contributions and social impacts surrounding resilience and displacement. For this dissertation project, I expanded the concept of climate gentrification pathways to examine connections between displacement, resilience strategies, and urban planning. Using an interpretive approach, I explored how an ethnic enclave experienced and responded to displacement pressures, especially regarding social impacts related to (climate) gentrification. In addition, this project …

Consuming Inisfail: The Domestication Of Man And Arboreal Landscapes In James Joyce’S Ulysses, Jacqueline Busch-Mullen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2020 - Present

This thesis serves as an exploration of the environment in James Joyce’s Ulysses which holds accountable the violent material politics of England against Ireland and the acts of consumption committed against human and nonhuman bodies, which is a radical critique of the patriarchal discourse and action that decimated a once sovereign nation and its landscape. I argue through an eco-critical lens that intersects the human body, a once impenetrable landscape, and the elision of Brehon Gaelic law as a victim of colonial usurpation. There is a deep focus geared towards masculinity and its imposition upon the female body, but also …

Comparative Pharmacokinetics, Biodistribution And Dosimetry Of 212pb (Alpha-Emitter) Labeled Antibody Vs Peptide Vs Small Molecule, Nader Sedeh Moshiri

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2020 - Present

With the advent of newly and more reliably designed targeted therapy methods in the past several years, targeted radionuclide therapy has attracted more attentions around the world as a more reliable treatment modality in combination with other well established traditional cancer treatments i.e., external beam radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Alpha particles have a high relative biological effectiveness (RBE) due to their high linear energy transfer (LET). However, to utilize them for therapeutic purposes, precise human body dosimetry calculation is required. The measurement of their uptake and biodistribution can be quite challenging. Also, due to the complex biology of different types of …

Developing Plasma-Based Diagnostics: From Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma To Hiv, Amy Makler

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2020 - Present

Plasma-based diagnostics are ideal for detecting a variety of diseases because they offer a method of detection that is minimally invasive, readily available, and easy to use for monitoring patients as they progress through a disease or respond to treatment. The only serum marker for PDAC is CA19-9 which lacks specificity, has limited sensitivity, and is unreliable for early detection. It is therefore of great importance to develop a diagnostic that is viable for screening and early detection. Exosomal miRNA were determined via bioinformatics analyses and then examined in PDAC cell lines to identify markers with greatest potential. These markers …

Corrosion Monitoring And Analysis Of Reinforced Concrete: Corrosion Resistant Alloys After Long Term Exposure To Chlorides, Redmayne Taylor

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2020 - Present

Reinforced concrete (RC) is the building block of modern architecture and industry. The failure of which is costly and dangerous. Typically made with carbon steel rebars, corrosion resistant alloys provide an alternative method of delaying failure. Stainless steels, while more expensive than carbon steels, provide excellent corrosion resistance, but less is known about the long term monitoring of corrosion activity for stainless steel than for carbon steel. This study looks at samples prepared between 2005 and 2009 using 304SS, 316SS, and 2304SS rebars, as well as SMI and Stelax stainless steel clad carbon steel reinforcements embedded in three different concrete …

Digital Transformation Of Healthcare Using Artificial Intelligence, Jennifer Gogova

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2020 - Present

Digital transformation is rapidly changing the healthcare industry, and artificial intelligence (AI) is a critical component in this evolution. This thesis investigates three selected challenges that might delay the adoption of AI in healthcare and proposes ways to address them successfully. Challenge #1 states that healthcare professionals may not feel sufficiently knowledgeable about AI. This is addressed by Contribution #1 which is a guide for self-actualization in AI for healthcare professionals. Challenge #2 explores the concept of transdisciplinary teams needing a work protocol to deliver successful results. This is addressed by Contribution #2 which is a step-by-step protocol for medical …

Direct Service Providers’ Perceptions Of The Role Of Spirituality Among Males Impacted By The Juvenile Justice System, Katina R. Hill-Thompson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2020 - Present

Delinquency is a major social and public health problem for families, young people themselves, and law enforcement agencies, and it is a threat to public safety. Juveniles often present with multiple issues during arrest, such as mental illness, substance abuse, low socio-economic status, family dysfunction, academic problems, and poor peer relationships. One of these justice-involved youths more prevalent mental health issues is conduct disorders (CD). Research has shown that 50%-90% of justice-involved youth are diagnosed with CD. Growing research supports the integration of spirituality into professional social work practice. This study aims to bring awareness that spirituality is essential to …

Early Childhood Teachers’ Perspectives And Practices In Multicultural Education In South Korea, Yoonhee Lee

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2020 - Present

The purpose of this dissertation research is to examine the perspectives of early childhood teachers with regard to multicultural education in South Korea. This study sought to identify teachers’ personal and professional beliefs about multicultural education as defined by their perceptions, descriptions, feelings, judgments, memories, and discussions with others. To better understand early childhood teachers’ perspectives of multicultural education in South Korea, the following research questions serve as a compass for the study: (a) What are South Korean early childhood teachers’ understandings and beliefs about multicultural education in their classrooms? (b) How do South Korean early childhood teachers implement multicultural …

Do Firms’ Bankruptcy Announcements Alter Peers’ Risk Factor Disclosures?, Jiwon Nam

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2020 - Present

Since 2005 corporate managers must discuss their firm’s significant risk factors that may materially and unfavorably affect corporate outcomes in the Item 1A Risk Factor Disclosure (RFD) section of their 10-K filings. However, there is limited research on whether firms change the sentiment of their mandatory disclosures after a significant economic event. I use bankruptcy announcements as a unique setting in this study to assess non-announcing firms’ responses to these events as a bankruptcy announcement generates significant concern to non-announcing industry peer firms. I explore whether industry peers change four measures of sentiment (i.e., length, negative tone, specificity, forward-looking statements) …

Essays On Financial Markets And Corporate Policies, Maimuna Akter

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2020 - Present

The recent increase in common ownership makes it imperative to study the impact of common ownership on corporate policies. In this two-essay study, I examine how common owners interact with firms to make decisions and how they moderate the impact of market manipulation on corporate culture. In the first essay, I examine whether firms in the same industry make similar investment and financial policies when their large institutional owners overlap. This relationship is important given the tremendous rise of common institutional owners and their significance on their portfolio firms’ policies. I hypothesize that common institutional owners cause their portfolio firms …

Alveolar Macrophages In Lung Cancer: Opportunities Challenges, Cheng-Yen Chang, Dominique Armstrong, David B Corry, Farrah Kheradmand

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are critical components of the innate defense mechanism in the lung. Nestled tightly within the alveoli, AMs, derived from the yolk-sac or bone marrow, can phagocytose foreign particles, defend the host against pathogens, recycle surfactant, and promptly respond to inhaled noxious stimuli. The behavior of AMs is tightly dependent on the environmental cues whereby infection, chronic inflammation, and associated metabolic changes can repolarize their effector functions in the lungs. Several factors within the tumor microenvironment can re-educate AMs, resulting in tumor growth, and reducing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) efficacy in patients treated for non-small cell lung cancer …