Digital Commons Network^™

A Critical Scientific Evaluation Of A Purportedly Negative Data Report - Response To Seneviratne Et Al. 2022, Bankole Johnson, Giovanni Addolorato, Otto Lesch, Lei Liu, Zachary A Rodd

2020-Current year OA Pubs

A core principle in the pursuit of scientific knowledge is that science is self-correcting and that important results should be replicable. Hypotheses need to be reinforced, adjusted, or rejected when novel results are obtained. Replication of results confirms hypotheses and enhances their integration into scientific practice. In contrast, publication of substantiated and replicated negative findings (i.e., non-significant or opposite findings) can be the basis to reject erroneous hypotheses or develop alternative strategies for investigation. Replication is a problem in all research fields. The Psychology Reproductivity Project reported that only 36% of 'highly influential' published research in highly ranked journals were …

Critcom: Assessment Of Quality Of Interdisciplinary Communication Around Deterioration In Pediatric Oncologic Patients, Jocelyn Rivera, Sara Malone, Kim Prewitt, Lara Counts, Douglas A Luke, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: High-quality clinical care requires excellent interdisciplinary communication, especially during emergencies, and no tools exist to evaluate communication in critical care. We describe the development of a pragmatic tool focusing on interdisciplinary communication during patient deterioration (CritCom).

METHODS: The preliminary CritCom tool was developed after a literature review and consultation with a multidisciplinary panel of global experts in communication, pediatric oncology, and critical care to review the domains and establish content validity iteratively. Face and linguistic validity were established through cognitive interviews, translation, and linguistic synthesis. We conducted a pilot study among an international group of clinicians to establish reliability …

Case Report: Stereotactic Body Radiation Treatment For Immunotherapy Escaped Oligometastatic Progression In Cutaneous Melanoma And Merkel Cell Carcinoma, Karam Khaddour, Alice Zhou, Omar Butt, Jiayi Huang, George Ansstas

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Oligometastatic progression represents a unique manifestation of tumor immune-escape that can lead to disease progression during treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI). The diagnosis and further optimal management of oligometastatic progression through ICI remains unclear. Diagnostic challenges include practical limitations due to the anatomical sites of oligometastatic progression, such as the para-aortic region, where traditional tissue biopsy carries high risk, and circulating-tumor DNA (ctDNA) could aid in diagnosis and disease monitoring as a supplement to surveillance imaging. In this report, we describe two cases of one patient with metastatic melanoma and the other with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) who …

Interobserver Variability In Target Definition For Stereotactic Arrhythmia Radioablation, Martijn H Van Der Ree, Phillip S Cuculich, Geoffrey D Hugo, Clifford G Robinson, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Stereotactic arrhythmia radioablation (STAR) is a potential new therapy for patients with refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT). The arrhythmogenic substrate (target) is synthesized from clinical and electro-anatomical information. This study was designed to evaluate the baseline interobserver variability in target delineation for STAR.

METHODS: Delineation software designed for research purposes was used. The study was split into three phases. Firstly, electrophysiologists delineated a well-defined structure in three patients (spinal canal). Secondly, observers delineated the VT-target in three patients based on case descriptions. To evaluate baseline performance, a basic workflow approach was used, no advanced techniques were allowed. Thirdly, observers delineated …

An Image-Based Modeling Framework For Predicting Spatiotemporal Brain Cancer Biology Within Individual Patients, Kamila M Bond, Lee Curtin, Sara Ranjbar, Ariana E Afshari, Leland S Hu, Joshua B Rubin, Kristin R Swanson

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Imaging is central to the clinical surveillance of brain tumors yet it provides limited insight into a tumor's underlying biology. Machine learning and other mathematical modeling approaches can leverage paired magnetic resonance images and image-localized tissue samples to predict almost any characteristic of a tumor. Image-based modeling takes advantage of the spatial resolution of routine clinical scans and can be applied to measure biological differences within a tumor, changes over time, as well as the variance between patients. This approach is non-invasive and circumvents the intrinsic challenges of inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity that have historically hindered the complete assessment of …

The Immunology Of Takotsubo Syndrome, Kenji Rowel Q Lim, Douglas L Mann, Tsuneaki Kenzaka, Tomohiro Hayashi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is a disorder characterized by transient cardiac dysfunction with ventricular regional wall motion abnormalities, primarily thought to be caused by the effects of a sudden catecholamine surge on the heart. Although the majority of patients exhibit prompt recovery of their cardiac dysfunction, TTS remains associated with increased mortality rates acutely and at long-term, and there is currently no cure for TTS. Inflammation has been shown to play a key role in determining outcomes in TTS patients, as well as in the early pathogenesis of the disorder. There are also cases of TTS patients that have been successfully …

Leishmania Major- Derived Lipophosphoglycan Influences The Host's Early Immune Response By Inducing Platelet Activation And Dkk1 Production Via Tlr1/2, Olivia C Ihedioha, Anutr Sivakoses, Stephen M Beverley, Diane Mcmahon-Pratt, Alfred L M Bothwell

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Platelets are rapidly deployed to infection sites and respond to pathogenic molecules via pattern recognition receptors (TLR, NLRP). Dickkopf1 (DKK1) is a quintessential Wnt antagonist produced by a variety of cell types including platelets, endothelial cells, and is known to modulate pro-inflammatory responses in infectious diseases and cancer. Moreover, DKK1 is critical for forming leukocyte-platelet aggregates and induction of type 2 cell-mediated immune responses. Our previous publication showed activated platelets release DKK1 following

RESULTS: Here we probed the role of the key surface virulence glycoconjugate lipophosphoglycan (LPG), on DKK1 production using null mutants deficient in LPG synthesis (

CONCLUSION: …

Vancomycin-Induced Gut Microbial Dysbiosis Alters Enteric Neuron-Macrophage Interactions During A Critical Period Of Postnatal Development, Ellen Merrick Schill, Elisabeth L Joyce, Alexandria N Floyd, Sreeram Udayan, Brigida Rusconi, Shreya Gaddipati, Bibiana E Barrios, Vini John, Mitchell E Kaye, Devesha H Kulkarni, Jocelyn T Pauta, Keely G Mcdonald, Rodney D Newberry

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Vancomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic widely used in cases of suspected sepsis in premature neonates. While appropriate and potentially lifesaving in this setting, early-life antibiotic exposure alters the developing microbiome and is associated with an increased risk of deadly complications, including late-onset sepsis (LOS) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Recent studies show that neonatal vancomycin treatment disrupts postnatal enteric nervous system (ENS) development in mouse pups, which is in part dependent upon neuroimmune interactions. This suggests that early-life antibiotic exposure could disrupt these interactions in the neonatal gut. Notably, a subset of tissue-resident intestinal macrophages, muscularis macrophages, has been identified as …

Use Of Learner-Driven, Formative, Ad-Hoc, Prospective Assessment Of Competence In Physical Therapist Clinical Education In The United States: A Prospective Cohort Study, Carey Holleran, Jeffrey Konrad, Barbara Norton, Tamara Burlis, Steven Ambler

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: The purpose of this project was to implement a process for learner-driven, formative, prospective, ad-hoc, entrustment assessment in Doctor of Physical Therapy clinical education. Our goals were to develop an innovative entrustment assessment tool, and then explore whether the tool detected (1) differences between learners at different stages of development and (2) differences within learners across the course of a clinical education experience. We also investigated whether there was a relationship between the number of assessments and change in performance.

METHODS: A prospective, observational, cohort of clinical instructors (CIs) was recruited to perform learner-driven, formative, ad-hoc, prospective, entrustment assessments. …

The Purpose Of Cybersecurity Governance In The Digital Transformation Of Public Services And Protecting The Digital Environment, Maad Mijwil, Youssef Filali, Mohammad Aljanabi, Mariem Bounabi, Mariem Bounabi

Mesopotamian Journal of CyberSecurity

As it tries to incorporate computer-based technology into the public services provided by businesses or organisations, the digital transformation process is currently regarded one of the most prominent topics in circulation. Establishing fundamentals and points is necessary for digital transformation, as is relying on a specific set of employee talents and actively incorporating customers in the process's evolution. Cybersecurity has become an increasingly important issue for governments and businesses worldwide, and this shift towards digital services is a top priority for all of them. Accelerating the digital transformation process and the usage of its services are the vulnerabilities to cyberspace, …

Theoretical Background Of Cryptography, Rusul Mansoor Al-Amri, Dalal N. Hamood, Alaa Kadhim Farhan

Mesopotamian Journal of CyberSecurity

Cryptography is the practice of secure communication and the study of secure communication techniques. The theoretical foundations of cryptography include concepts such as cryptography, secure key exchange, digital signatures, and authentication. These technologies are used to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and reliability of information while it is being transmitted over a network or stored in digital form. The core of encryption is the concept of an encryption algorithm, which is a set of mathematical rules used to encrypt and decrypt data. The security of a cryptographic system depends on the strength of the underlying algorithm and the confidentiality of the …

Chatgpt: Future Directions And Open Possibilities, Mohammad Aljanabi

Mesopotamian Journal of CyberSecurity

ChatGPT, the cutting-edge language model developed by OpenAI, is one of the most exciting advancements in the field of artificial intelligence. With its ability to generate human-like text and respond to complex questions, ChatGPT has already made a significant impact and is poised to continue its rapid progression in the coming years. As we look to the future of ChatGPT and large language models, there are many exciting possibilities and open opportunities for this technology to enhance our lives and change the way we interact with technology

Threats Detection In The Internet Of Things Using Convolutional Neural Networks, Long Short-Term Memory, And Gated Recurrent Units, Naomi A. Bajao, Jae-An Sarucam

Mesopotamian Journal of CyberSecurity

Security for IoT gadgets is an undertaking that has been made more troublesome by the far-reaching utilization of network safety in different applications, including wise modern frameworks, homes, individual devices, and vehicles. The fact that has been introduced makes deep learning for interruption recognition one productive security method. I thought about a few relevant systematic reviews that had already been written. Recent systematic reviews may include older and more recent works on the subject. For better IoT security, late exploration has focused on improving deep learning calculations. The ideal methodology for carrying out interruption recognition in the Internet of Things …

Novel Convolutional Neural Networks Based Jaya Algorithm Approach For Accurate Deepfake Video Detection, Zahraa Faiz Hussain, Hind Raad Ibraheem

Mesopotamian Journal of CyberSecurity

Deepfake videos are becoming an increasing concern due to their potential to spread misinformation and cause harm. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for accurately detecting deepfake videos using the combination of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with the Jaya algorithm optimization. The approach is evaluated on two publicly available datasets, the DeepFake Detection Challenge (DFDC) dataset and the Celeb-DF dataset, and achieves state-of-the-art performance on both datasets. Our approach achieves an accuracy of 99.3% on the DFDC dataset and 97.6% on the Celeb-DF dataset, with high F1 scores indicating a high precision and recall for detecting deepfake videos. …

Advanced Cyber Security Using Spectral Entity Feature Selection Based On Cyber Crypto Proof Security Protocol (C2psp), Gopalakrishnan S, Karabi Saikia, Ranadheer Reddy Vallem

Mesopotamian Journal of CyberSecurity

The growth of internet become more development in communication medium to provide various services. Information sharing ad security is mostly suffered by crime attackers because of different models of cyber-attacks are carried out by attackers. Attackers creates jamming principles, communication delays, packet dropping, and information hacking, duplicate injection to do so many activities to destroy the security. Based on the communication data analysis and features are non-identified and difficult to find the malicious activities. So the development of cyber security needs advancement to find the attackers based on the communication breaking activities. To resolve this problem, we propose a Spectral …

Cyber Security System Based On Machine Learning Using Logistic Decision Support Vector, Sahaya Sheela M, Hemanand D, Ranadheer Reddy Vallem

Mesopotamian Journal of CyberSecurity

Nowadays, we are moving towards cybersecurity against digital attacks to protect systems, networks, and data in developing areas. A collection of technologies and processes is at the core of cybersecurity. A network security system is a feature of network and computer (host) security. Cybercrime leads to billion-dollar losses. Given these crimes, the security of computer systems has become essential to reduce and avoid the impact of cybercrime. We propose the Logistics Decision Support Vector (LDSV) algorithm dealing with this problem. Initially, we collected the KDD Cup 99 dataset to create a network intrusion detection, such as penetrations or attacks, a …

The Impact Of Blockchain Technique On Trustworthy Healthcare Sector, Nour Sadeq, Zeid Hamzeh, Ghalia Nassreddine, Tamima Elhassan, Tamima Elhassan

Mesopotamian Journal of CyberSecurity

Following the COVID epidemic, the healthcare sector faced numerous issues as telehealth became more prevalent and the necessity for a safe and efficient healthcare record system became critical. Many issues plague the healthcare industry today, including security, trust, data availability, and drug traceability. Blockchain technology is a relatively new technology that has demonstrated its effectiveness in a variety of industries, including finance, banking, bitcoin, and healthcare. This research investigates the impact of blockchain on the trustworthiness of healthcare. The authors adopt a descriptive-analytical methodology. The trustworthiness of the healthcare sector is considered a dependent variable. However, blockchain technology is considered …

Machine Learning-Based Detection Of Smartphone Malware: Challenges And Solutions, Amneh Alamleh, Sattam Almatarneh, Ghassan Samara, Mohammad Rasmi, Mohammad Rasmi

Mesopotamian Journal of CyberSecurity

The goal of this research is to review the researcher's different attempts with respect to new and emerging technology in malware detection techniques based on machine learning approaches over smartphones. The aim is to evaluate and benchmark these techniques, identify the current landscape of research in this area, and construct a cohesive taxonomy. The available options and gaps will be analyzed to provide valuable insights for researchers regarding the technological environments within this research area. A deep analysis review was conducted to identify studies addressing smartphone security based on machine learning approaches in order to identify all related articles. The …

Public Health Product Hops, Michael S. Sinha

All Faculty Scholarship

Pharmaceutical product hops are anticompetitive maneuvers that often represent a last-ditch effort by brand manufacturers to preserve market share in the face of generic competition. An integral part of product life cycle management strategies, product hops may offer marginal benefits to patients but can substantially increase costs to payers and patients alike. Yet industry advocates maintain that this is essential follow-on research and development, resulting in the development of novel products that would otherwise never reach the market.

Is there a middle ground between these two diametrically opposed views? Might certain product hops be considered beneficial, perhaps if they furthered …

Human Rights And Lawyer’S Oaths, Lauren E. Bartlett

All Faculty Scholarship

Each lawyer in the United States must take an oath to be licensed to practice law. The first time a lawyer takes this oath is usually a momentous occasion in their career, marked by ceremony and celebration. Yet, many lawyer’s oaths today are unremarkable and irrelevant to modern law practice at best, and at worst, inappropriate, discriminatory, and obsolete. Drawing on a fifty-state survey of lawyer’s oaths in the United States, this article argues that it is past time to update lawyer’s oaths in the United States and suggests drawing on human rights to make lawyer’s oaths more accessible and …

The Psychology Of Science Denialism And Lessons For Public Health Authorities, Brenna Moreno, Molly J. Walker Wilson

All Faculty Scholarship

As it wreaked tragedy on the world, the outbreak of COVID-19 helped expose a pandemic of a different kind, one steeped in distrust and contrarianism. This movement, termed science denialism, has been lurking and undermining public health efforts for decades. Specifically, it is “the employment of rhetorical arguments to give the appearance of legitimate debate where there is none, an approach that has the ultimate goal of rejecting a proposition on which a scientific consensus exists.” Unlike skepticism, which is “doubt as to the truth of something” and works to progress both science and society, denialism is characterized by individuals’ …

Re-Regulating Dietary Supplements, Jessie L. Bekker, Alex Flores, Michael S. Sinha

All Faculty Scholarship

In 1994, Congress introduced the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) to create a regulatory framework for the dietary supplement industry. Since the passage of DSHEA nearly thirty years ago, U.S. adults have steadily increased their annual consumption of dietary supplements. The once $4 billion industry comprising approximately 4,000 products has swelled to a $40 billion trade with anywhere from 50,000 to 80,000 dietary supplements available over-the-counter.

Despite the increased market size of dietary supplements, the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) pre-market authority to regulate the introduction of dietary supplements into the stream of commerce has remained subdued. Under …

Brief Amici Curiae Legal Scholars Of Sex And Gender In Support Of Plaintiff-Appellant, Kyle Velte, Ezra Young, Jeremiah A. Ho, M. Dru Levasseur, Nancy C. Marcus, Dara E. Purvis, Eliot Tracz, Ann E. Tweedy

All Faculty Scholarship

This amicus brief was filed in Griffith v. El Paso County, Colorado, case no. 23-1135 (10th Circuit) in support of appellant Darlene Griffith. Amici curiae are legal scholars of sex and gender. They offer expertise in their personal capacities to assist the Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit in assessing whether the El Paso County Sheriff officials violated Ms. Griffith’s Fourteenth Amendment right to equal protection when they refused to house Ms. Griffith, a transgender woman, in the women's unit of the El Paso County Jail as a pretrial detainee.

Anti-Carceral Theory And Immigration: A View From Two Law School Clinics, Sabrina Balgamwalla, Lauren Bartlett

All Faculty Scholarship

This article explores clinical teaching philosophies related to anti-carceral theory and provides examples of how to support student learning in clinics serving immigrant clients. Anti-carceral theory in this context is used to refer to an approach that resists criminalization and incarceration within law, drawing on abolitionism, intersectional and anti-carceral feminism, and decolonization.

The anti-carceral lens provides framing and language to name the dynamics of social exclusion and discrimination inherent in immigration law. It also allows us to unpack immigration regulation as a series of choices made within the larger context of law enforcement and its systems of surveillance, policing, and …

Protecting A Real Or Imagined Past: Justice Samuel Alito And The First Amendment, Derigan Silver, Dan V. Kozlowski

All Faculty Scholarship

This article examines the First Amendment jurisprudence of Justice Samuel Alito. In this article, we argue that the principles behind his decision-making are not always necessarily traditional methods of constitutional analysis, and litigants should understand the frames and lenses Alito uses to make decisions when making their arguments to him. The article concludes with a discussion of Alito’s overall approach to the law and some thoughts on how he is attempting to reshape the First Amendment. We write that, above all, it is clear he is seeking to protect a real or imagined past that, in his mind, is under …

Safety And Tolerability Results Of Atogepant For The Preventive Treatment Of Episodic Migraine From A 40-Week, Open-Label Multicenter Extension Of The Phase 3 Advance Trial, Brad C Klein, Rosa Miceli, Lawrence Severt, Peter Mcallister, Laszlo Mechtler, Jennifer Mcvige, Merle Diamond, Michael J. Marmura, Hua Guo, Michelle Finnegan, Joel M Trugman

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Background: Atogepant is a United States Food and Drug Administration-approved oral calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist for the preventive treatment of episodic migraine. The study objective was to evaluate the long-term safety and tolerability of atogepant in participants who completed the phase 3 ADVANCE trial (NCT03777059).

Methods: This 40-week, open-label extension trial (NCT03939312) monitored safety in participants receiving oral atogepant 60 mg once daily, followed by a four-week safety follow-up period.

Results: Of the 685 participants taking at least one dose of atogepant, the treatment period was completed by 74.6% of participants with a mean (standard …

The Role Affiliation Membership Plays In An Ffa Chapter: A Qualitative View From Kentucky, Jacob Falwell, Kristie B. Guffey

Murray State Theses and Dissertations

Research exists to demonstrate the benefits of FFA membership and the three-circle model of agriculture education. FFA membership had shown minimal growth in the 20 years following the rebranding. The innovative approach of affiliation membership has ushered in a steady growth of FFA membership, but not all chapters are participating in affiliation. FFA membership is provided to every student who is enrolled in agriculture education classes with affiliation, and the dues collection process is eliminated. This study investigated the view of affiliation membership in Kentucky High School Agriculture Education programs by researching the enrollment, involvement, and educational outcomes of affiliated …

Sequencing Of Extended Reality Welder Training, Monica Donohue

Murray State Theses and Dissertations

Abstract

This study used a quasi-experimental design to evaluate the efficacy of integrating XR welding simulations into traditional training programs. The performance outcomes of participants were assessed by an independent American Welding Society (AWS) Certified Welding Instructor (CWI). Participants were evaluated using the NCCER Performance Accreditation Tasks evaluation. After 20 hours of training, the participants used a traditional welder to perform a vertical 3F weld on a steel weld coupon. Three treatment groups were used to evaluate the sequence of extended reality welding simulators in a traditional welding program. Results indicate that sequencing XR practice before live welding did not …

A Phenomenological Study Of K-12 Educators' Perceptions Of Social Emotional Learning For K-12 Students In Southern Illinois., Ruth Cahill

Murray State Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this Phenomenological study was to analyze K-12 educators’ lived experiences, opinions, and perceptions regarding the impact of social emotional learning implementation in a small school district in Southern Illinois. Results revealed four consistent codes: Educator competence – the participants revealed that they did not feel competent enough to correctly implement SEL due to lack of consistent, on-going SEL training; Efficacy – due to school closures, virtual instruction, and inconsistencies caused by the corona-virus pandemic, SEL implementation in the school district was discontinued until further notice; Perception – the participants expressed that when implemented correctly, they believe that …

Comparison Of Corticosterone Concentrations Between Serum And Fecal Samples As A Measure Of Stress In Male Broilers., Kayla Weinacht

Murray State Theses and Dissertations

Stress has long been a topic of interest in the poultry industry due to its potential negative effects on chicken health and production of both eggs and meat. With increased global growth in egg and broiler production, more attention has been paid to the stressors that affect chickens in modern poultry operations, particularly environmental temperature and stocking density. Improving quantitative measurement of stress is always needed in poultry welfare research. In most studies, blood serum is measured for corticosterone, one of the biomarker hormones associated with stress in chickens. Methods of collecting blood serum are by their nature disruptive to …