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Projecting, Persuading, & Protecting: A Mixed Methods Analysis Of Adult Children’S Predictions Of Parents’ Quality-Of-Life Valuations In Serious Illness States, Jessica Hahne

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Older adults often face complex serious illness decisions and involve their adult children as shared or surrogate decision makers. However, previous research asking family members to predict older adults’ treatment preferences in serious illness situations typically shows poor concordance with older adults’ actual preferences. In the current mixed methods analysis, we surveyed older adults (n = 38) on their health state valuations in five serious illness scenarios. Two of their adult children (n = 76) predicted their parent’s preferences. Families also participated in a semi-structured conversation to discuss their preferences and predictions. Quantitative analyses showed that parents’ average valuations were …

Emotion Regulation Flexibility: Investigating Perseverative Thinking As A Novel Context, Beatris Garcia

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Emotion regulation (ER) flexibility is a rapidly evolving field within affective science. Current advances have identified context sensitivity as a leading method for measuring ER flexibility, largely focusing on affectivity and situational control as markers of context. In this study, we propose an innovative approach to expand the list of contextual features tied to ER flexibility by using a framework based on Perseverative Thinking (PT). We examined seven PT dimensions, including pleasantness, repetitiveness, self-focus, other-focus, certainty, controllability, and temporal orientation, along with six ER strategies: reappraisal, acceptance, problem solving, expressive suppression, distraction, and cognitive avoidance. Once a day over the …

How Prefixation, Onset Length, And Coda Length Determine Lexical Stress Assignment When Reading Aloud, Kayla Hensley

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Lexical stress, or which syllable is emphasized in a multisyllabic word, can provide important cues for speech segmentation, lexical class, and reading acquisition. Despite this, much of the literature on reading has focused on single syllable words, neglecting the role that stress can play. In this project, I examine the role of prefixation, onset and coda length in assigning stress in disyllabic words when reading aloud. Study 1 is a corpus analysis of English words with grade level information to replicate the model developed by Treiman et al. 2020 and check for age differences. There were no significant differences on …

Virtue-Driven Leadership: Powering Excellence In Organizations, Joseph Scherrer

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

In this thesis, I seek to answer the question “What makes a good leader?” I approach this question systematically, starting in Chapter 1 by asking “What is Leadership?” In attempting to formulate a response, I find that the concept is slipperier than it first appears and difficult to pin down. All the same, I construct a thematic, contextually pertinent definition that provides reasonable precision for the purposes of this study. In Chapter 2, I present a representative survey of the social-scientific academic literature in order to establish the prospect that a philosophy of virtuous leadership can be empirically validated in …

Discounting Of Delayed And Probabilistic Outcomes Across The Adult Lifespan, Haoran Wan

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Intertemporal and risky decision-making predicts many problem behaviors that also decline with age, raising the question: Do intertemporal and risky decisions change with age? Despite the theoretical and empirical importance, the literature under both rubrics reveals inconsistent findings. Some studies suggest that these inconsistencies may be due to the presence of unassessed demographic differences. The present study examined age differences, evaluating the role of demographic variables in intertemporal and risky choice of gains and losses using the discounting framework. Four experiments were conducted, each with one of the four types of discounting: discounting of delayed gains, discounting of delayed losses, …

Between-Task Transfer Of Learned Control Settings: How Far Can It Go?, Merve Ileri Tayar

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Learning-guided control refers to adjustments of cognitive control settings (i.e., relatively focused vs. relaxed) based on learned associations between predictive cues (e.g., stimulus features) and the likelihood of conflict. We investigated the transfer of learned control settings beyond the conditions under which they were learned to examine the flexibility and automaticity of these control settings. In Experiment 1, participants experienced an item-specific proportion congruence (ISPC) manipulation in a training phase in which target color in a Flanker task was biased (mostly congruent or mostly incongruent). Then, in a subsequent transfer phase, they performed a color-word Stroop task in which the …

A Study Of Using E-Resources By Research Scholars In Selected Institutions Of Southern Tamilnadu: Regression Analysis, Senthur Vel Murugan Librarian

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The present examination has been grasped to answer what is the impact of e-resources. This investigation relies upon the customer capacity of the assessment researchers of the picked association of southern Tamilnadu. E-Resources, particularly in advanced education and research, is getting a prime spot in scholastic exercises. The scholarly network is gradually exchanging over from utilizing print assets to e-assets. Changing the need for the scholarly network for e-assets makes another test to the library of the executives at chosen organizations. Studies are directed to think about the need for and utilization of e-assets for scholarly purposes. This investigation is …

Practicing And Marketing With Empathy In Libraries, Wren Daniel Ambroise

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

In 2017, Abigail Phillips, a postdoctoral fellow at Utah State University wrote, “The role of empathy in the library has been infrequently researched in library and information science (LIS) literature. However, as demonstrated in the reactions of libraries and librarians during recent social movements, empathy is a critical component of librarianship and routine library work” (Phillips 1). Over the last twenty years, numerous researchers have argued the same; this paper enters into conversation several texts from the late 2000s to the early 2020s that conceptualize the intersections between empathy marketing and librarianship and/or put them into practice. It first defines …

Cue-Cot: Chain-Of-Thought Prompting For Responding To In-Depth Dialogue Questions With Llms, Hongru Wang, Rui Wang, Fei Mi, Yang Deng, Zezhong Wang, Bin Liang, Ruifeng Xu, Kam-Fai Wong

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, greatly empower dialogue systems with strong language understanding and generation capabilities. However, most of the previous works prompt the LLMs to directly generate a response based on the dialogue context, overlooking the underlying linguistic cues about the user status exhibited in the context. Such in-depth dialogue scenarios are challenging for existing LLMs to figure out the user’s hidden needs and respond satisfactorily through a single-step inference. To this end, we propose a novel linguistic cue-based chain-of-thoughts (Cue-CoT), which enhances the LLMs inference with an intermediate reasoning step to find cues exhibited in the …

"I Think There Is A Place For Small Programs:" Advocating, Implementing, And Sustaining Tpc Programs In Small Us Institutions, Martha Lynn Russell

English Theses & Dissertations

Technical and Professional Communication (TPC) programs in small institutions compose of over a third of all programs in the US, yet this space has been understudied by most scholars. To fill this gap, this dissertation presents findings from one-hour interviews with twenty-six TPC program directors in small US institutions with undergraduate populations of less than six thousand. The results of this dissertation include the ways that small institutions are advocating, implementing, and sustaining their TPC program in unique ways with implications for how any TPC programs regardless of size can learn from these findings.

Demystifying Artificial Intelligence (Ai) For Early Childhood And Elementary Education: A Case Study Of Perceptions Of Ai Of State Of Missouri Educators, Kathryn Arnone, James Hutson, Karen Woodruff

Faculty Scholarship

Artificial intelligence (AI) and its impact on society have received a great deal of attention in the past five years since the first Stanford AI100 report. AI already globally impacts individuals in critical and personal ways, and many industries will continue to experience disruptions as the full algorithmic effects are understood. However, with regard to education, adopting in disciplines remains limited largely to Computer Science and Information Technology in postsecondary education. Recent advances with technology are especially promising for their potential to create and scale personalized learning for students, to optimize strategies for learning outcomes, and to increase access to …

Functional And Anatomical Connectivity Predict Brain Stimulation’S Mnemonic Effects, Youssef Ezzyat, James E> Kragel, Ethan A. Solomon, Bradley C. Lega, Joshua P. Aronson, Barbara C. Jobst, Robert E. Gross, Michael R. Sperling, Gregory A. Worrell, Sameer A. Sheth, Paul A. Wanda, Daniel S. Rizzuto, Michael J. Kahana

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Closed-loop direct brain stimulation is a promising tool for modulating neural activity and behavior. However, it remains unclear how to optimally target stimulation to modulate brain activity in particular brain networks that underlie particular cognitive functions. Here, we test the hypothesis that stimulation's behavioral and physiological effects depend on the stimulation target's anatomical and functional network properties. We delivered closed-loop stimulation as 47 neurosurgical patients studied and recalled word lists. Multivariate classifiers, trained to predict momentary lapses in memory function, triggered the stimulation of the lateral temporal cortex (LTC) during the study phase of the task. We found that LTC …

The Human Capital Campaign: The Relationships Of Burnout And Investment In Employee Development On Intent To Leave, Adlai Hurt

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Fundraising for higher education institutions continues to increase in importance. Relatedly, turnover among major gift officers may negatively impact institutional fundraising performance. This study investigated if burnout, perceived investment in employee development, employee alumni status of their employing institution, the current receipt of tuition assistance, and select attribute variables could ideate a predictive intent to leave model to inform managerial decision-making and strategic human resources development in higher education fundraising. The theoretical framework utilized social exchange theory and reciprocity norms as conceptualizations applied to perceptions of professional development experiences. A mixed methods research design utilized an anonymous quantitative survey and …

Examining The Quality Of Gender Measurements In Criminological And Criminal Justice Research: Pervasive Apathy Or Bad Research Methods?, Jadon Clark

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Criminology has often been criticized for its lack of gender inclusivity and ‘androcentrism,’ particularly by feminist and queer criminologists who note that the field rarely uses separate measures of gender and sex assigned at birth or ones that extend beyond the binary, severely limiting the applicability of evidence-based, gender-responsive services in the criminal justice system. Other fields have adopted measures of gender that capture multiple identities and acknowledge the complexity of gender. However, it is unclear whether criminology has heeded these calls for inclusivity. Using a gender theory perspective, the current study analyzed 566 articles published between 2011 and 2020 …

“Fit Check”: Testing A Model Of Perceptions Of Team Level Person-Group Fit, Alexandria Wentworth

All Theses

Teams are become a mainstay in nearly every sector of business. Teams are complex and evolve to meet the demands of their unique environments. One team structure growing in popularity is a multiteam system (MTS), a system comprised of multiple teams working interdependently to achieve goals. Understanding the mechanisms by which a MTS is successful is challenging; however, the concept of fit may offer further explanation. Person-group fit has been shown to improve coworker satisfaction, job attitudes, and task performance. Most research has only explored individual-level outcomes of person-group fit, yet there are numerous calls for further exploration into team-level …

Material World, Nicole Weldy

All Theses

My thesis, Material World, delves into the use of the crochet unit as a construction technique for building forms. Through this, I aim to organize different materials in a way that responds to the challenges posed by the physical world. My artistic process is centered around honoring the inherent qualities of thread and uses these qualities to create form, lightness, and linearity. At the same time, I remain receptive to transformative processes such as combining three-dimensional (3D) printed lines and lace stiffener to push the boundaries of what thread can do. By combining manual craftsmanship with technology materialized as …

Wake Up America: Conceptualizing The Social Determinants Of Sleep, Nicole Eve Bray

Masters Theses

This paper is an attempt to understand racial, ethnic and gender disparities in sleep as a sociological problem. Public health and sociological researchers have looked at the connection between sleep disparities among minorities and the impact it has on health. However, they haven’t explained and applied the social structural factors that cause these disparities, as well as address how stress can serve as a moderator. In my investigation, I found that sleep troubles differ across race, ethnicity and gender. These differences relate to the distinguishable life situations of women and minorities in American society, such as stressful life circumstances that …

Identifying And Supporting Financially Vulnerable Women Experiencing Economic Abuse: A Grounded Theory Approach, Leslie Book, Ann Kayis-Kumar, Youngdeok Lim, Jack Noone, Michael Walpole, Jan Breckenridge

Faculty Publications

This study extends the literature by exploring the role of pro bono tax clinics within the social impact ecosystem with a focus on the experiences of women in financial distress who are otherwise unable to access professional tax advice. Using clinic data derived from a pro bono tax advisory clinic, this article finds that 58 per cent of financially vulnerable women seeking pro bono tax services have experienced domestic and family violence (DFV), confirming again the link between financial stress and economic abuse. Yet only 3 per cent of these women were receiving domestic and family violence-related support, highlighting the …

Project Silverlight: Community Based And Participant-Led Initiatives To Increase Civic Engagement Among Older Adults, Paulin T. Straughan, William Tov, Wensi Lim, Rachel Ngu, Yan Er Tan, Mindy Eiko Tadai

ROSA Research Briefs

Project Silverlight was a year-long project aimed at redefining social engagement and participation of older adults in the community. In this report, we share our findings from the project and key recommendations to community partners who are looking to adopt a similar model of participant-led programs. Our study found that by engaging student volunteers as a key partner in this initiative, participants showed a significant improvement in their perceptions of youth, and that participants derived a great sense of satisfaction from being involved in the curation of their activities.

Idiographic Coping Outcomes In Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder And Co-Occurring Anxiety: Results From The Taasd Study, Lesley A Norris, Jonathan C Rabner, Eric A Storch, Jeffrey J Wood, Connor Kerns, Adam B Lewin, Brent J Small, Philip C Kendall

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Versions of cognitive behavioral therapy (Coping Cat, CC; Behavioral Interventions for Anxiety in Children with Autism, BIACA) have shown efficacy in treating anxiety among youth with autism spectrum disorder. Measures of efficacy have been primarily nomothetic symptom severity assessments. The current study examined idiographic coping outcomes in the Treatment of Anxiety in Autism Spectrum Disorder study (N = 167). Longitudinal changes in coping with situations individualized to youth fears (Coping Questionnaire) were examined across CC, BIACA and treatment as usual (TAU) in a series of multilevel models. CC and BIACA produced significantly greater improvements than TAU in caregiver-reported coping. Youth …

Organ Aging Signatures In The Plasma Proteome Track Health And Disease, Hamilton Se-Hwee Oh, Yun Ju Sung, Lihua Wang, Jigyasha Timsina, Dan Western, Menghan Liu, Pat Kohlfeld, John Budde, Carlos Cruchaga, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Animal studies show aging varies between individuals as well as between organs within an individual

The 2023 Model Core Content Of Disaster Medicine, Bryan J Wexler, Carl Schultz, Paul D Biddinger, Gregory Ciottone, Angela Cornelius, Robert Fuller, Roxanna Lefort, Andrew Milsten, James Phillips, Ira Nemeth

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Introduction: Disaster Medicine (DM) is the clinical specialty whose expertise includes the care and management of patients and populations outside conventional care protocols. While traditional standards of care assume the availability of adequate resources, DM practitioners operate in situations where resources are not adequate, necessitating a modification in practice. While prior academic efforts have succeeded in developing a list of core disaster competencies for emergency medicine residency programs, international fellowships, and affiliated health care providers, no official standardized curriculum or consensus has yet been published to date for DM fellowship programs based in the United States.

Study objective: The objective …

Food Sovereignty In Indigenous Communities: Extension Programs For Health, Culture, And Resilience, Katherine Hartmann

Journal of Extension

Extension is not equitably serving Indigenous communities due to the effects of colonization in the Land Grant System, a lack of funding, and a lack of understanding of the needs of Indigenous communities. The concept of food sovereignty offers a way to create meaningful educational programming and, despite the inequitable access to services, there are some Extension educators that collaborate with Indigenous communities. To understand these collaborations, I investigated the Western Region of Extension through an interview study. The interviews revealed that educators are facilitating programs having to do with food sovereignty that meet communities’ goals and respect Indigenous sovereignty.

Maximizing Dietary Knowledge And Behavior Through A Teens As Teachers Approach, Anaderi Iniguez, Erica L. Doering, Elizabeth H. Weybright

Journal of Extension

The teens as teachers model is a promising approach to impact teen behavior. The current study evaluated dietary knowledge and behavior among teen teachers participating in a 4-H youth development program (N = 46; Mage = 15.5 years; 67% female; 48% Hispanic; 38% White Non-Hispanic, 14% Other). A paired sample t test was conducted on pre-and post-program surveys to identify significant improvements in dietary knowledge and behaviors. Findings suggest teens as teachers is generally effective in promoting healthy dietary knowledge and behavior. We recommend this approach be disseminated within Extension 4-H youth development healthy eating active living programming.

The Perceptions Of Second-Year, First-Generation Minority Students Regarding The Influence Of Avid Mentoring On Students’ Retention, Nisha Mary Mathews

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Despite the increase in diversity, institutions continue to struggle to provide, retain, and graduate students of color to the same degree as their counterparts (Banks & Dohy, 2019). The purpose of this narrative qualitative research study was to examine the perceptions of second-year, first- generation minority college students regarding the influence of the Advancement Via Individual Determination (AVID) program on their persistence and academic achievement. The study was framed by Swail’s (2004) geometric model of student persistence and achievement, aimed to identify the cognitive, social, and institutional factors contributing to student retention. The following questions guided the study: (1) What …

Beyond Labels: Understanding The Complexities Of Lgb Employee Team Networks, Mohammed S. Akib

Theses and Dissertations

This study aimed to investigate the team network of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) employees, as well as the factors influencing those team networks. The findings were based on responses from 13 participants who identified as either lesbian, gay, or bisexual. Participants completed a 60-minute interview, which was audio recorded and transcribed for analysis. The data was analyzed using MaxQDA qualitative analysis software, employing a phenomenological approach. Two research questions were addressed: (1) How, if at all, does the form and nature of the team network differ between the subgroups of LGB employees? and (2) How do various contextual factors …

Charter For Smarter Hats: How Team Charters Dynamically Improve Trust And Emotions In Human-Agent Teams, Dan Manh Nguyen

Theses and Dissertations

Although human-agent teams have received significant attention from both practitioners and researchers in recent years, human attitudes and emotions towards agents present collaborative barriers that reduce effective teaming. Borrowing from literature on traditional human team interventions, this study examines how team charters may be leveraged to set up better trust relationships and emotional states over time, and how these key emergent states influence both objective performance scores and subjective performance ratings. Using data from 43 individuals who participated in a search-and-rescue simulation with four agent teammates, discontinuous growth modeling was used to examine differences in trust and upsetness over time …

The Teaching Interaction Procedure As Microintervention Training For Lgbtq+ Adults, Arianna Ty Lipton

Theses and Dissertations

Microaggressions are verbal behavior and environmental arrangements that communicate bias towards individuals of marginalized social groups (Sue, 2010). The LGBTQ+ community experiences high rates of interpersonal microaggressions, which have been associated with financial loss, community rejection, and mental health problems (Nadal et al., 2016). Sue et al., (2019) proposed the term “microintervention” to refer to behavioral strategies that function to reduce the harmful effects or the future frequency of microaggressions (Sue et al., 2019). Traditional inclusivity trainings have generally been developed outside of behavior analysis and focus on solely teaching skills to bystanders rather than training targets of discrimination actionable …

An Evaluation Of Process- And Performer-Based Improvement To Increase Online Giving In Churches, Lauren Elizabeth Rivera

Theses and Dissertations

The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of electronic transactions for many churches. Churches which were more inclined to establish online giving platforms weathered the disruption of the pandemic more successfully. Electronic transactions proved to be an efficacious modality for churches to maximize tithing and offering. Behavioral Systems Analysis (BSA) is an evidence-based framework which can inform decision-making, starting with macro-level assessments of the effects of external variables on adaptive systems and systematically funneling down to focus on processes and individuals. This study examined the effects of a process and performer-based intervention, through automation, to increase the percentage of online giving …

World Transit Research December 2023 Newsletter, Institute Of Transport Studies Monash University

World Transit Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.