Digital Commons Network^™

Adar1 Deletion Causes Degeneration Of The Exocrine Pancreas Via Mavs-Dependent Interferon Signaling, Dhwani N Rupani, Fredrik I Thege, Vidhi Chandra, Hajar Rajaei, Robert W Cowan, Sonja M Wörmann, Olivereen Le Roux, Prerna Malaney, Sara L Manning, Jack Hashem, Jennifer Bailey-Lundberg, Andrew D Rhim, Florencia Mcallister

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is an RNA-binding protein that deaminates adenosine (A) to inosine (I). A-to-I editing alters post-transcriptional RNA processing, making ADAR1 a crucial regulator of gene expression. Consequently, Adar1 has been implicated in organogenesis. To determine the role of Adar1 in pancreatic development and homeostasis, we conditionally deleted Adar1 from the murine pancreas (Ptf1aCre/+; Adar1Fl/Fl). The resulting mice had stunted growth, likely due to malabsorption associated with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Analyses of pancreata revealed ductal cell expansion, heightened interferon-stimulated gene expression and an increased influx of immune cells. Concurrent deletion of Adar1 and Mavs, a …

Comparative Metabolite Profiling And Fingerprinting Of Mature And Immature Grains Of Different Species Using A Multiplex Approach Of Lc-Ms And Gc-Ms Coupled To Chemometrics, Doaa Bahaa Abdelhalim Saied

Theses and Dissertations

The objective of the current study was the assessment of heterogeneity amongst metabolites of 5 cereal and leguminous grains of different species, and cultivars i.e., Triticum aestivum L., Hordeum vulgare L., Vicia faba L. & Cicer arietinum L. at different maturity stages. Gas chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) post silylation technique was employed for nutrients profiling. A total of 70 peaks belonging to sugars, fatty acids/esters/steroids and organic acids were identified including sucrose, melibiose, glucose and fructose as major sugars, butyl caprylate, hydroxybutanoic acid and malic acid to contribute for the discrimination between grain species and different maturity …

Comparison Of Serum Albu-Min Levels In The Breast Milk Of Breastfeeding Infants Aged 1-3 Months And 4-6 Months, Ninik Mudjihartini

Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics

Abstract: Background: Serum albumin is the most abundant plasma protein in the blood, contributing to maintaining colloid osmotic pressure and binding substances that are poorly soluble in plasma so that they can be distributed throughout the body. Serum albumin levels in breast milk can vary, influenced by various factors such as the lactation phase (age of the baby), number of parities, age and body mass index (BMI) of the mother. This study aims to determine the comparison of serum albumin levels in breast milk of mothers who breastfeed infants aged 1-3 months and 4-6 months and to find the relationship …

Does Preschool Executive Control Mediate The Impact Of Early Environmental Unpredictability And Deprivation On The General Factor Of Psychopathology A Decade Later?, Eric Phillips, Rebecca L. Brock, Tiffany D. James, Jennifer Nelson, W. Alex Mason, Kimberly Andrews Espy, Timothy D. Nelson

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Background: Although deprivation has been consistently shown to increase risk for psychopathology through impaired executive control, the unique effects of other dimensions of early adversity, such as unpredictability, on executive control development are poorly understood. The current study evaluated whether deprivation and/or unpredictability early in life have unique effects on the general factor of psychopathology through impaired preschool executive control. Methods: Participants included 312 children (51% female) oversampled for greater sociodemographic risk. Preschool executive control was measured using a battery of nine developmentally appropriate executive control tasks. Dimensions of adversity were measured with observational and caregiver assessments, and …

Noninvasive Reflection Spectroscopy Measurement Of Skin Carotenoid Score In Infants Is Feasible And Reliable, Nancy E Moran, Jocelyn Chang, Rachel Stroh, Yusuf Zaidi, Noor Hason, Salma Musaad, Teresia O'Connor

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Skin carotenoid measurement by reflection spectroscopy (RS) offers a noninvasive biomarker of carotenoid intake, but feasibility, reliability, and validity are not established in infants.

Objectives: In this study we aimed to determine the feasibility and reliability of 4-mo-old infant skin carotenoid score (SCS) measurement and its correlation with total carotenoid intake and plasma concentrations.

Methods: SCSs were measured in a prospective, observational study with a modified, portable RS device at the index finger and heel of the foot in 4-mo-olds (n = 21). Infant plasma, human milk, and formula carotenoid concentrations were measured by HPLC-photodiode array, and carotenoid intake …

African American And Caucasian Perceptions And Attitudes Toward Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Qualitative Study, Peter Warren, Stacie Pankow, Yvette Rother, Peggy Wagner

The Qualitative Report

This study examined the attitudes held by both African Americans and Caucasians regarding colorectal cancer screening and the reasons why they avoid screenings even when clinically indicated by their physicians. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and easily preventable types of cancer in the United States. If diagnosed and treated early prior to metastasis, the five-year colorectal cancer survival rate is approximately 90%. However, many patients avoid screening procedures for colorectal cancer due to a number of reasons. Qualitative data was gathered from focus groups and found four major themes that emerged in both groups: (1) reported …

Quitman County Child Wellbeing Project Final Report, Natalie Minton, Macey Hays, Portia Trotter, Angelica Alimot, Mark Dozier, Harry Hall, Matthew Hancock

Health and Wellness

Non-profit organizations in Quitman County, MS commissioned the University of Mississippi, Community First Research Center for Wellbeing and Creative Achievement (CREW) to conduct research and develop a child wellbeing assessment for their community. CREW used community-based participatory research methods to determine the community’s top concerns in child health, education, and safety and identify existing local programs available to address each concern.

Sheep Preference For Fresh Leaf And Stem Of Seven Accessions Of Tedera Was Not Influenced By Prior Grazing Experience And Wilting Made No Difference, Justin Hardy, Chris Oldham, Phil Vercoe, Dean Thomas, John Milton, Daniel Real, Andrew Van Burgel, Eric Dobbe

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

Tedera is a valuable high-quality forage for sheep during summer–autumn. There is evidence that prior grazing experience of novel forages influences preference and haymaking of tedera improves preference by goats. In the first experiment, it was hypothesised that the voluntary feed intake (VFI) of fresh leaves and stems of tedera by sheep would be greater for experienced vs. naïve sheep. In the second experiment, it was hypothesised that the VFI of naïve sheep fed wilted leaves and stems of tedera would be greater than fresh leaves and stems of tedera. To test these hypotheses, adult Merino sheep were fed seven …

A Case Study Of Mexican Immigrant Parents' Involvement In Their Children's Education, Evelia Vega

Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this phenomenological case study is to explore the misconception that is occurring in schools today about Mexican Immigrant parents' involvement. Using the Sociocultural and Funds of Knowledge theories to ground this study, I conducted in-depth phenomenological semi-structured interviews with six participants. The participants were Mexican Immigrant parents who resided in a specific Oregon county where their children attended school. They shared their perceptions and experiences about being involved in their children's education. The analysis led to three themes in the findings, which were: Perceptions, Culture, and Communication. The first theme provided a glimpse into the participants' lived …

Associations Between The Dietary Inflammatory Index And Sleep Metrics In The Energy Balance Study (Ebs)., Emily T. Farrell, Michael D. Wirth, Alexander C. Mclain, Thomas G. Hurley, Robin P. Shook, Gregory A. Hand, James R. Hébert, Steven N. Blair

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

(1) Background: Sleep, a physiological necessity, has strong inflammatory underpinnings. Diet is a strong moderator of systemic inflammation. This study explored the associations between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and sleep duration, timing, and quality from the Energy Balance Study (EBS). (2) Methods: The EBS (n = 427) prospectively explored energy intake, expenditure, and body composition. Sleep was measured using BodyMedia's SenseWear® armband. DII scores were calculated from three unannounced dietary recalls (baseline, 1-, 2-, and 3-years). The DII was analyzed continuously and categorically (very anti-, moderately anti-, neutral, and pro-inflammatory). Linear mixed-effects models estimated the DII score impact …

Only One Cluster Per Condition Is An Invalid Design For A Cluster Randomized Trial And Should Be Re-Labeled A Quasi-Experimental Study Response To: “Effect Of Behavioral Activation On Time And Frequency Domain Heart Rate Variability In Older Adults With Subthreshold Depression: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial In Thailand”, Yasaman Jamshidi-Naeini, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, Abu Bakkar Siddique, Colby J Vorland, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Ayudhaya et al. examined the effect of Behavioral Activation on daily step count and heart rate variability among older adults with depression in a study labeled a cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT). However, only one cluster was assigned to either of the study conditions. Such a design would have zero degrees of freedom for inferential testing, because the variation due to cluster membership cannot be estimated apart from the variation due to treatment assignment. Thus, the intervention effect is completely confounded with the cluster effect. The study should be labeled a quasi-experimental study, not a cRCT. Accordingly, the numerical results …

Machine Learning In Colorectal Cancer Risk Prediction From Routinely Collected Data: A Review, Bruce Burnett, Shang Ming Zhou, Sinead Brophy, Phil Davies, Paul Ellis, Jonathan Kennedy, Amrita Bandyopadhyay, Michael Parker, Ronan A. Lyons

School of Nursing and Midwifery

The inclusion of machine-learning-derived models in systematic reviews of risk prediction models for colorectal cancer is rare. Whilst such reviews have highlighted methodological issues and limited performance of the models included, it is unclear why machine-learning-derived models are absent and whether such models suffer similar methodological problems. This scoping review aims to identify machine-learning models, assess their methodology, and compare their performance with that found in previous reviews. A literature search of four databases was performed for colorectal cancer prediction and prognosis model publications that included at least one machine-learning model. A total of 14 publications were identified for inclusion …

A Predictive Model For Diabetes Mellitus Using Machine Learning Techniques (A Study In Nigeria), Abraham Eseoghene Evwiekpaefe, Nafisat Abdulkadir

The African Journal of Information Systems

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that occurs when the blood sugar level in the body is considered to be high, thereby resulting in inadequate insulin in the body leading to a myriad complications. The World Health Organization in 2021 indicated that in 2019, diabetes was the direct cause of 1.5 million deaths. Though some research has been carried out in the area of DM prediction in high-income countries, not much has been done in middle/low-income countries like Nigeria, using factors that are peculiar to their environment. This paper, therefore, aims to develop a machine learning model that predicts …

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - January 12, 2023, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the January 12, 2023 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents include:

• USA scientist awarded grant to reduce risks to astronaut's health
• Meet a Med Student: Andrew Washington
• Clinical faculty invited to complete wellness survey
• Whiddon college of medicine mourns passing of professor Emerita June E. Ayling, Ph.D.

Extending The Breadth Of Saliva Metabolome Fngerprinting By Smart Template Strategies And Efective Pattern Realignment On Comprehensive Two‑Dimensional Gas Chromatographic Data, Simone Squara, Friederike Manig, Thomas Henle, Michael Hellwig, Andrea Caratti, Carlo Bicchi, Stephen E. Reichenbach, Qingping Tao, Massimo Collino, Chiara Cordero

School of Computing: Faculty Publications

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-fight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) is one the most powerful analytical platforms for chemical investigations of complex biological samples. It produces large datasets that are rich in information, but highly complex, and its consistency may be affected by random systemic fluctuations and/ or changes in the experimental parameters. This study details the optimization of a data processing strategy that compensates for severe 2D pattern misalignments and detector response fluctuations for saliva samples analyzed across 2 years. The strategy was trained on two batches: one with samples from healthy subjects who had undergone dietary intervention with high/low-Maillard …

Outcomes Of Patients With Thrombocytopenia Evaluated At Hematology Subspecialty Clinics, Zaid H. Abdel-Rahman, Kevin C. Miller, Hiba Jabbour, Yaser Alkhatib, Vijayalakshmi Donthireddy

Hematology/Oncology Articles

BACKGROUND: Thrombocytopenia is a frequently encountered laboratory abnormality and a common reason for hematology referrals. Workup for thrombocytopenia is not standardized and frequently does not follow an evidence-based algorithm. We conducted a systematic analysis to evaluate the laboratory testing and outcomes of patients evaluated for thrombocytopenia at hematology clinics in a tertiary referral center between 2013 and 2016.

PATIENT AND METHODS: We performed a comprehensive chart review for patients evaluated for thrombocytopenia during the study period. Patients were followed for 1 year from the initial hematology evaluation and assessed for the development of a hematologic malignancy, rheumatologic, or infectious diseases …

Effect Of A Plant-Based Vs Omnivorous Soul Food Diet On Weight And Lipid Levels Among African American Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Gabrielle M. Turner-Mcgrievy Ph.D., Rd, Sara Wilcox Phd, Edward A. Frongillo Jr. Ph.D., E. Angela Murphy, Brent Hutto Msph, Mary Wilson Phd, Mph, Marty Davey, John A. Bernhart Ph.D., Mph, Ches, Nkechi Okpara, Shiba Bailey, Emily Hu

Faculty Publications

Importance: More African American individuals die from cardiovascular disease (CVD) than any other chronic disease condition. Despite this disparity, African American individuals are underrepresented in nutrition and CVD interventions. Objective: To compare the effects of an entirely plant-based (vegan) or low-fat omnivorous (omni) diet on change in body weight and lipids during a 2-year intervention. Design, Setting, and Participants: The Nutritious Eating With Soul (NEW Soul) study was a 2-year, randomized clinical trial conducted in 2 cohorts (2018-2020 and 2019-2021) that took place in a university teaching kitchen in Columbia, South Carolina (before March 2020), and via online videoconference sessions …

Evaluation Of Automated Anthropometrics Produced By Smartphone-Based Machine Learning: A Comparison With Traditional Anthropometric Assessments, Austin J. Graybeal, Caleb F. Brandner, Grant M. Tinsley

Faculty Publications

Automated visual anthropometrics produced by mobile applications are accessible and cost-effective with the potential to assess clinically relevant anthropometrics without a trained technician present. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the precision and agreement of smartphone-based automated anthropometrics against reference tape measurements. Waist and hip circumference (WC; HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (W:HT), were collected from 115 participants (69 F) using a tape measure and two smartphone applications (MeThreeSixty®, myBVI®) across multiple smartphone types. Precision metrics were used to assess test-retest precision of the automated measures. Agreement between the circumferences produced by each mobile application …

Fda Greenlights Lab-Grown Meat For Human Consumption, John Rose

D.U.Quark

No abstract provided.

Type Ii Taste Cells Participate In Mucosal Immune Surveillance, Yumei Qin, Salin Raj Palayyan, Xin Zheng, Shiyi Tian, Robert F. Margolskee, Sunil Kumar Sukumaran

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

The oral microbiome is second only to its intestinal counterpart in diversity and abundance but its effects on taste cells remains largely unexplored. Using single-cell RNASeq, we found that mouse taste cells, in particular, sweet and umami receptor cells that express taste 1 receptor member 3 (Tas1r3), have a gene expression signature reminiscent of Microfold (M) cells, a central player in immune surveillance in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) such as those in the Peyer’s patch and tonsils. Administration of tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11; also known as RANKL), a growth factor required for differentiation …

Optical Sensing Technologies To Elucidate The Interplay Between Plant And Microbes, Asia Neelam, Shawana Tabassum

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Plant-microbe interactions are critical for ecosystem functioning and driving rhizosphere processes. To fully understand the communication pathways between plants and rhizosphere microbes, it is crucial to measure the numerous processes that occur in the plant and the rhizosphere. The present review first provides an overview of how plants interact with their surrounding microbial communities, and in turn, are affected by them. Next, different optical biosensing technologies that elucidate the plant-microbe interactions and provide pathogenic detection are summarized. Currently, most of the biosensors used for detecting plant parameters or microbial communities in soil are centered around genetically encoded optical and electrochemical …

How Did Participating In A Prenatal Nutrition And Exercise Program Influence Postpartum Experiences During Covid-19?, Rozhan Momen, Maya Weinreich, Taniya S. Nagpal, Michelle F. Mottola

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(3): 1-11, 2023. Lifestyle interventions focusing on prenatal physical activity (PA) and healthy nutritional habits can carry forward into the postpartum period. As many health resources, like PA facilities and postpartum support groups, were inaccessible due to the Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic restrictions, it may be plausible that individuals who participated in a prenatal lifestyle intervention continued engaging in positive health behaviours on their own. This study explored experiences of postpartum individuals during the pandemic who had engaged in a prenatal PA and nutrition program prior to COVID-19. Semi-structured interviews were completed with postpartum individuals following …

Nutrition Situation Analysis In The Uae: A Review Study, Haleama Al Sabbah, Enas A. Assaf, Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh, Afra Salah Alsammach, Haifa Madi, Nouf Khamis Al Ali, Ayesha S. Al Dhaheri, Leila Cheikh Ismail

All Works

This review study aimed to assess the nutrition situation in the UAE using published data from 2010 to 2022. It highlights the gaps and challenges that prevail in addressing the nutrition-related problems in the UAE and the opportunities that have been overlooked. The available literature indicates that the UAE is burdened with more than one form of nutrition-related problems, including being underweight, being overweight, obesity, micronutrient deficiencies, and nutrition-related chronic diseases. It is clear that data on micronutrient deficiencies, protein-energy malnutrition, obesity, diabetes, and other nutrition-related diseases among the UAE population are extremely scarce. The UAE has a high prevalence …

Perspective: Food Environment Research Priorities For Africa-Lessons From The Africa Food Environment Research Network, Amos K. Laar, Phyllis Addo, Richmond Aryeetey, Charles Agyemang, Francis Zotor, Gershim Asiki, Krystal K. Ramapalli, Gideon S. Anevinya, Akua Tandoh, Silver Nanema, Akosua Pokua Adjei, Matlida E. Laar, Kobby Mensah, Dennis Laryea, Daniel Sellen, Stefanie Vandevijvere, Christopher Turner, Hibbah Osei-Kwasi, Mark Spires, Christine E. Blake, Dominic Rowland, Suneetha Kadiyala, Isabel Madzorera, Adama Diouf, Namukolo Covic, Isaac M. Dzudzor, Reginald Annan, Peiman Milani, John Nortey, Nicholas Bricas, Sukati Mphumuzi, Kenneth Yongabi Anchang, Ali Jafri, Meenal Dhall, Amanda Kee, Sally Mckay, Samuel O. Oti, Karen Hofman, Edward A. Frongillo Jr. Ph.D., Michelle Holdsworth

Faculty Publications

Over the last 2 decades, many African countries have undergone dietary and nutrition transitions fueled by globalization, rapid urbanization, and development. These changes have altered African food environments and, subsequently, dietary behaviors, including food acquisition and consumption. Dietary patterns associated with the nutrition transition have contributed to Africa's complex burden of malnutrition—obesity and other diet-related noncommunicable diseases (DR-NCDs)—along with persistent food insecurity and undernutrition. Available evidence links unhealthy or obesogenic food environments (including those that market and offer energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods and beverages) with suboptimal diets and associated adverse health outcomes. Elsewhere, governments have responded with policies to improve food …

Driverdrowsyandyawnsystemalertusingdeepcascadeconvolutionneuralnetworkdccnn, Zainab Ali Abbood, Janan Farag Yonan

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

Driver drowsiness and fatigue are widely recognized as prevailing factors contributing to motor vehicle collisions. Annually, there is a significant increase in the number of deaths and fatalities due to a multitude of factors. The implementation of a driver warning system is imperative in order to mitigate traffic accidents, ultimately resulting in the preservation of human lives and public infrastructure. In this article, DDDS utilizing eye measure and head measure ensued developed as well as implemented. The DDDS was designed utilizing a high-resolution camera and employs Deep Cascaded Convolutional Neural Networks (DCCNN) to accurately identify instances of driver drowsiness. The …

Editorial: Hallmark Of Cancer: Reprogramming Of Cellular Metabolism, Baljinder Kaur, Yahya Sohrabi, Abhinav Achreja, Michael P. Lisanti, Ubaldo Emilio Martinez-Outshoorn

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Newsroom, Georgia Southern University

Newsroom (2006-2023)

Inclusive Excellence Grant from Howard Hughes Medical Institute

Program to Improve Combat Readiness with Federal Funding

Old Glory gets Upgrade

Adherence To A Mediterranean Diet For 6 Months Improves The Dietary Inflammatory Index In A Western Population: Results From The Medley Study, Jessie S. Clark, Kathryn A. Dyer, Courtney R. Davis, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hébert, Richard Woodman, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Karen J. Murphy

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Increasing evidence supports that a higher dietary inflammatory index (DII®) score is associated with inflammation and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, events, and mortality. This randomized trial sought to determine if a change to a Mediterranean diet resulted in a reduction in the DII score, and then it evaluated the relationship between the DII and cardiometabolic outcomes following the administration of a traditional Mediterranean diet in older Australian adults. A total of 152 Australian adults (mean age 71 ± 5 years) was randomly allocated either a MedDiet (n = 80) or to continue their habitual diet (HabDiet) (n = 72) for …

Sgc-Camkk2-1: A Chemical Probe For Camkk2, Carrow Wells, Yi Liang, Thomas L Pulliam, Chenchu Lin, Dominik Awad, Benjamin Eduful, Sean O'Byrne, Mohammad Anwar Hossain, Carolina Moura Costa Catta-Preta, Priscila Zonzini Ramos, Opher Gileadi, Carina Gileadi, Rafael M Couñago, Brittany Stork, Christopher G Langendorf, Kevin Nay, Jonathan S Oakhill, Debarati Mukherjee, Luigi Racioppi, Anthony R Means, Brian York, Donald P Mcdonnell, John W Scott, Daniel E Frigo, David H Drewry

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The serine/threonine protein kinase calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) plays critical roles in a range of biological processes. Despite its importance, only a handful of inhibitors of CAMKK2 have been disclosed. Having a selective small molecule tool to interrogate this kinase will help demonstrate that CAMKK2 inhibition can be therapeutically beneficial. Herein, we disclose SGC-CAMKK2-1, a selective chemical probe that targets CAMKK2.

Characterization Of Antiviral Immunity, Host Virus Interactions, And Toxicity Of Agrochemical Residues In The Western Honey Bee, Christopher Fellows

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Honey bee colonies have perished at an alarming rate for over 15 years. Among the multitude of threats to bee health, virus infections and agrochemical exposure appear to be major drivers of colony loss. As virus infection is among the most damaging influences on bee health, we first investigated a putative target for antiviral immunity, termed K_ATP channels. We previously demonstrated that pharmacologically activating K_ATP channels induces the production of reactive oxygen species and increases survival during infection with Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus. Here, we demonstrate that K_ATP modulation and ROS induction reduce virus replication and enhance …