Digital Commons Network^™

Effectiveness Of Lactation Cookies On Human Milk Production Rates: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Ana M Palacios, Michelle I Cardel, Erik Parker, Stephanie Dickinson, Valerie R Houin, Bridget Young, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Expensive lactation cookies (LCs) are marketed as milk boosters; however, their effectiveness remains unknown.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the 1-mo daily intake of LCs on changes in objective and subjective milk production and breastfeeding self-efficacy.

Methods: This is a 1-mo, randomized controlled trial among 18-45-y-old exclusively lactating parents of healthy, term, 2-mo-old infants living in the United States from March to December 2021. Participants (n = 176) were randomly assigned to eat daily 56.5 g of either LCs with "galactagogues" (oatmeal, brewer's yeast, flax seeds, and fenugreek) or conventional cookies containing …

The Impact Of Treatment With Palynziq® On Quality Of Life For Individuals With Pku, Teresa Heller

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Management for phenylketonuria (PKU) has traditionally involved adhering to a strict low-protein diet to maintain phenylalanine (Phe) levels within the recommended range (μmol/L). The time commitment and financial, emotional, and social burdens of adhering to a restrictive diet, as well as the neurocognitive symptoms associated with elevated Phe levels, make it challenging to manage PKU and lead to reductions in quality of life. Palynziq^® is an enzyme substitution therapy used to lower blood Phe levels and liberate individuals with PKU from their restrictive diets. Previous studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of Palynziq^®, but our study …

Reliability Estimates For Assessing Meal Timing Derived From Longitudinal Repeated 24-Hour Dietary Recalls, Lacie Peterson, Hyejung Lee, Inge Huybrechts, Carine Biessy, Marian L Neuhouser, Benjamin Haaland, Benjamin Krick, Marc Gunter, Matthias B Schulze, Franziska Jannasch, Adriana M Coletta, Sheetal Hardikar, Amandine Chaix, Cici X Bauer, Qian Xiao, Mary C Playdon

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Regulating meal timing may have efficacy for improving metabolic health for preventing or managing chronic disease. However, the reliability of measuring meal timing with commonly used dietary assessment tools needs characterization prior to investigating meal timing and health outcomes in epidemiologic studies.

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the reliability of estimating meal timing parameters, including overnight fasting duration, the midpoint of overnight fasting time, the number of daily eating episodes, the period with the largest percentage of daily caloric intake, and late last eating episode (> 09:00 pm) from repeated 24-h dietary recalls (24HRs).

METHODS: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Light's Kappa …

The Wnt/Pcp Formin Daam1 Drives Cell-Cell Adhesion During Nephron Development, Heather S Carr, Yan Zuo, Jeffrey A Frost

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The Somatostatin receptor 2 (Sstr2) is a heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptor that is highly expressed in neuroendocrine tumors and is a common pharmacological target for intervention. Unfortunately, not all neuroendocrine tumors express Sstr2, and Sstr2 expression can be downregulated with prolonged agonist use. Sstr2 is rapidly internalized following agonist stimulation and, in the short term, is quantitatively recycled back to the plasma membrane. However, mechanisms controlling steady state expression of Sstr2 in the absence of agonist are less well described. Here, we show that Sstr2 interacts with the Wnt pathway protein Dvl1 in a ligand-independent manner to target Sstr2 for …

Childhood Obesity In The United States, Emma Stohl

Ballard Brief

Childhood obesity has been a problem in the United States for decades. The rate of childhood obesity has tripled since the 1970s. As of 2023, 1 in 5 children in the US are obese, with this number rising yearly. Childhood obesity is exacerbated by the lifestyle of children, where their attention is consumed by technology use at the expense of consuming nutritious foods and participating in physical activities. The lack of physical education in schools influences children’s health education and is partly responsible for childhood obesity. Genetics also play a role in childhood obesity depending on the characteristics of a …

Impacts Of Climate Change In The United States, Nathan Thompson

Ballard Brief

While every country both contributes to and feels the effects of climate change, the United States' heavy influence and high rates of contribution make this problem even more acute domestically. Climate change is primarily driven by human emission of greenhouse gases through the burning of fossil fuels and from mass-scale agriculture. Because climate change can be a polarizing issue, passing legislation to slow the harmful contributing factors has proven difficult. The effects of climate change have worsened in the past few decades, with increased instances of wildfires and extreme shifts in weather patterns. These negative consequences disproportionately affect vulnerable people …

Which Came First: The Chicken Or The Chick'n? An Fda Amendment Proposal To Reconcile Conflicting Interests In Plant-Based Meat Labeling, Katie Justison

William & Mary Law Review

“The issue is, what is chicken?” As the market for plant-based meats grows, state legislators are left with the question of what the words “chicken” and “burger” mean on food labels. In response to lobbying from the traditional meat industries, states followed suit with the dairy industry and created regulations and restrictions that carve out a meat industry monopoly on meat-related terms. Commercial speech restrictions such as these are guided by the Central Hudson test. Using that test, this Note will argue that while certain state regulations pass constitutional muster, others impose unconstitutional speech restrictions. This Note will draw particularly …

A New Frontier For Fat: Dietary Palmitic Acid Induces Innate Immune Memory, Amy L. Seufert, Brooke A. Napier

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Dietary saturated fats have recently been appreciated for their ability to modify innate immune cell function, including monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. Many dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) embark on a unique pathway through the lymphatics following digestion, and this makes them intriguing candidates for inflammatory regulation during homeostasis and disease. Specifically, palmitic acid (PA) and diets enriched in PA have recently been implicated in driving innate immune memory in mice. PA has been shown to induce long-lasting hyper-inflammatory capacity against secondary microbial stimuli in vitro and in vivo, and PA-enriched diets alter the developmental trajectory of stem cell progenitors in …

Estimating The Functional Consequences Of Intra-Specific Trichome Variation Of Tomato, Solanum Lycopersicum On The Specialist Herbivore, Manduca Sexta, Satinderpal Kaur

Theses and Dissertations

Chapter 1: Plants have a wide array of defenses against herbivores and hence they must confer trade-offs between growth and defense related traits. By using Solanum as a model genus, the major plant defense fitness trade-off hypotheses are reviewed in this chapter along with their assumptions and examples.

Chapter 2: This chapter provides an overview of the enormous intra-specific diversity in trichome morphology in tomato, Solanum lycopersicum. Also, the trichome sub-types are analyzed for the variations in density and dimensions in 10 varieties of tomato by using desktop scanning electron microscope.

Chapter 3: This chapter examines the functional consequences …

Prevalence, Incidence And Chronicity Of Child Abuse Among Orphaned, Separated, And Street-Connected Children And Adolescents In Western Kenya: What Is The Impact Of Care Environment?, Samuel Ayaya, Allison Delong, Lonnie Embleton, David Ayuku, Edwin Sang, Joseph Hogan, Allan Kamanda, Lukoye Atwoli, Dominic Makori, Mary A. Ott, Caroline Ombok, Paula Braitstein

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background: The effect of different types of care environment on orphaned and separated children and adolescents’ (OSCA) experiences of abuse in sub-Saharan Africa is uncertain.

Objective: Our two primary objectives were 1) to compare recent child abuse (physical, emotional, and sexual) between OSCA living in institutional environments and those in family-based care; and 2) to understand how recent child abuse among street-connected children and youth compared to these other vulnerable youth populations.

Participants and setting: This project followed a cohort of OSCA in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya (2009–2019). This analysis includes 2393 participants aged 18 years and below, 1017 from …

Relationship Of Admission Practices In Radiologic Technology Programs To Attrition In Four-Year Universities, Melton Dale Smith

Graduate Theses and Dissertations (2019 - present)

This study analyzed admission practices at four-year universities in the United States to determine whether a relationship exists between the score of an individual component of the admission practice and completion of radiologic technology programs. Attrition is a major concern for higher education as funding for higher education continues to decline. This is especially true for highly competitive programs where there are more applicants than seats available. Every Radiologic Technology program in the United States throughout the admission process tries to select the student that is most likely to succeed in their program. Understanding the relationship of the different components …

Dna Methylation Analysis Is Used To Identify Novel Genetic Loci Associated With Circulating Fibrinogen Levels In Blood, Julie Hahn, Jan Bressler, Arce Domingo-Relloso, Ming-Huei Chen, Daniel L Mccartney, Alexander Teumer, Jenny Van Dongen, Marcus E Kleber, Dylan Aïssi, Brenton R Swenson, Jie Yao, Wei Zhao, Jian Huang, Yujing Xia, Michael R Brown, Ricardo Costeira, Eco J C De Geus, Graciela E Delgado, Dre'von A Dobson, Paul Elliott, Hans J Grabe, Xiuqing Guo, Sarah E Harris, Jennifer E Huffman, Sharon L R Kardia, Yongmei Liu, Stefan Lorkowski, Riccardo E Marioni, Matthias Nauck, Scott M Ratliff, Maria Sabater-Lleal, Tim D Spector, Pierre Suchon, Kent D Taylor, Florian Thibord, David-Alexandre Trégouët, Kerri L Wiggins, Gonneke Willemsen, Jordana T Bell, Dorret I Boomsma, Shelley A Cole, Simon R Cox, Abbas Dehghan, Andreas Greinacher, Karin Haack, Winfried März, Pierre-Emmanuel Morange, Jerome I Rotter, Nona Sotoodehnia, Maria Tellez-Plaza, Ana Navas-Acien, Jennifer A Smith, Andrew D Johnson, Myriam Fornage, Nicholas L Smith, Alisa S Wolberg, Alanna C Morrison, Paul S De Vries

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background:

Fibrinogen plays an essential role in blood coagulation and inflammation. Circulating fibrinogen levels may be determined by inter-individual differences in DNA methylation at CpG sites, and vice versa.

Methods:

We performed an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of circulating fibrinogen levels in 18,037 White, Black, American Indian, and Hispanic participants representing 14 studies from the CHARGE consortium. Circulating leukocyte DNA methylation was measured in 12,904 participants using the Illumina 450K array, and in 5,133 participants using the EPIC array. Each study performed an EWAS of fibrinogen using linear mixed models adjusted for potential confounders. Study-specific results were combined using array-specific …

May 2023, Swosu Bulldog Wellness Committee

SWOSU BULLDOG WELLNESS

Your Bulldog Wellness Committee is declaring May as “Movement and Mental Health” month. We encourage you to select a way in which you enjoy moving your body (walking, swimming, bicycling, dancing, yoga, etc.) and move for a combined 20 minutes at least five days a week. Physical activity impacts our mental health, sleep habits, stress levels, and mood.

Effects Of Ataxia Telangiectasia-Mutated Kinase (Atm) Deficiency On Cardiac Remodeling In Response To Western-Type Diet (Wd) Prior To And Following Myocardial Infarction, Paulina Ramirez

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM) is a checkpoint protein involved in cell cycle regulation. It is activated in response to genotoxic mediators such as double-stranded DNA damage or oxidative damage. Mutations in the ATM gene result in a multisystemic disease called ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T). Independently, a Western-type Diet (WD) and ATM protein deficiency are linked with heart disease, exacerbated cardiac remodeling, and myocardial infarction (MI). Our laboratory has previously shown that in male mice, the consumption of a WD during ATM deficiency is associated with the exacerbation of cardiac remodeling. This study …

The Impact Of Epilepsy And The Evolution Of A Nonprofit: "The Epilepsy Connection", Logan Thomas

Honors Theses

This thesis examines the diagnosis, symptoms, and consequences of epilepsy along with the author’s personal journey that promoted the creation of a successful epilepsy service club on the University of Mississippi campus, later evolving to a nonprofit organization off campus. Epilepsy is defined as having at least two seizures without a known trigger that are recurring and may include uncontrollable jerking of muscles or staring blankly with significant risk for short-and long-term consequences. These consequences include social isolation, problems at school, reduced physical activity, increased risk for injuries, social stigma, anxiety, depression, attention issues, and other consequences. An independent online …

Can Uruguay Have Its Steak And Eat It Too? "Greening" A Red Meat Economy, Michael Chepolis

Honors Theses

The methane emissions produced by Uruguay’s 12 million cattle drive the largest share of the country’s total greenhouse gas emissions. Livestock farming is a driver of Uruguay’s economy and an important part of their national identity and culture. Previous researchers have suggested that drastic changes to beef production and consumption habits are necessary to reduce the ecological impact of cattle ranching. This thesis investigates how Uruguay plans to deal with its reliance on beef production as it seeks to reduce its carbon emissions output. An analysis of Uruguay’s development strategy plans reveals that while the country aims to reduce the …

Determining The Effects Of Maternal Adiposity On Preterm Neonatal Microbiome And Short Chain Fatty Acid Profiles, Dalton James, William A. Clark Phd, Kristy L. Thomas

Undergraduate Honors Theses

The gut microbiota and its metabolites have vast impacts on the human digestive system, immune system, and health outcomes. Short chain volatile fatty acids (SCVFAs) present in feces can be representative of the interactions of the microbiota present in the gut. Low microbiota diversity in the human gut is highly associated with obesity and adverse health outcomes. Furthermore, the maternal microbiome has a direct impact on neonatal microbiota through various pathways such as environment, skin flora, breast milk composition, and vaginal secretions. This study is aimed to further understand the associations between various factors (maternal adiposity, gestational time, length of …

A Cultural Approach To Environmental Ethics: Milton, Nietzsche, And Indian Philosophy, Kenneth Lee Koenemann

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The aim of this M.A. thesis is to explore the way in which cultural factors have influenced humankind's relationship with the natural world, including plant life, animal life, and the ecology of planet Earth as a whole. While quantitative, scientific analysis provides objective evidence of global climate change that is being propelled by human activity, I argue that the religious and philosophical beliefs of individuals and societies has played, continues to play, and will continue to play an indelible role in the way in which humans consider other humans and the natural world at large. I focus primarily on Western …

2023-05-01 Retired & Senior Volunteer Program Newsletter, Morehead State University. Alumni Association.

Morehead State Alumni Association Publications

The May 2023 newsletter of the Morehead State University Retired & Senior Volunteer Program.

Reflections On Pre-Kindergarten Pedagogical Practices For Latine Preschoolers: An Autoethnography, Cynthia Chavez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

This personal reflexive account of my experiences as a Latine Pre-K teacher and Instructional Coach represents the adversities that many early childhood education public school teachers face within marginalized public-school campuses. Using myself as the subject and researcher within the context of area public school districts provided the drive to seek social justice for disadvantaged Latine preschoolers in their quest for an equitable footing in public school offerings. Through the participant's lens, I chronicle my experiences as a prekindergarten public-school teacher and later as a multi-district instructional coach using the qualitative methodology of both emotive and analytical/interpretive viewpoints. This genre …

Physicians' Knowledge And Attitudes Of Disordered Eating Behaviors Among Patients With Diabetes, Nayiri Khatchadourian, Lowell Schmeltz, Michael Brennan, Virginia Uhley

Posters

Patients diagnosed with type 1 and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) are at increased risk for developing clinical disordered eating behaviors (DEBs). Although research supports this higher incidence and the impact on health outcomes, few studies have assessed physicians’ knowledge, attitudes and training to identify and treat these conditions. The American Diabetes Associations’ 2021 Standards of Care included a new section about DEB, further highlighting the importance of addressing this issue. Our goal was to assess physicians’ level of training, comfort and attitudes towards providing clinical care to patients diagnosed with DM and their experience in assessing, identifying, and treating …

Opportunities And Challenges For Cooperative Extension Becoming A Major Actor In Climate Change Mitigation And Adaptation, Dakoeta R. Pinto

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Addressing climate change in the United States is an increasingly complex issue that requires social and technological changes throughout the country, which the Cooperative Extension System (Extension) can influence. Based at land-grant universities, their goals are to bring relevant science and innovation to the people of the United States. For a successful low-carbon transition, there are certain elements of society that must be influenced by innovators like Extension. Extension’s historical roots in agriculture prevail today with most of their programming focusing on this sector. However, there is a movement within Extension to expand their programmatic efforts to address more contemporary …

Impact Of Tourism In Developing Nations, Thomas Consolino

Supply Chain Management Undergraduate Honors Theses

Belize, a small country located in Central America, thrives on tourism. The industry makes up 15% of the country’s GDP and employs roughly 40% of Belize’s population. However, the majority of tourism takes place in only a few Belizean towns, causing the economies of the other towns to not benefit from the industry. One of the towns lacking tourism is called Dangriga. Although Dangriga is on the coast and is known as the “Culture Capital of Belize”, not many tourists make is stop in or even know of Dangriga. One of the main reasons for this is the lack of …

A Clinical Reference Guide To The Treatment Of Common Oral Lesions, Janet Zalucha Dds, Felipe Nör Dds, Ms, Phd, David Tindle Dds, Ms

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

This special MDA Journal pull-out is created as a quick reference for practitioners to assist their patients who present with some of the most common oral pathology manifestations. When encountering these conditions, please consider coordinating care and collaborating with practitioners who have had additional, specialized training in the respective fields. Treatment recommendations for each condition described are included. Note that many of these are considered off-label use of the listed agents. Full prescribing information is beyond the scope of this quick reference guide, so practitioners should thoroughly familiarize themselves with each agent chosen for use.

The Mental Health Experiences Of Daca Recipients And Non-Daca Recipients, Lizeth Ariana Guadalupe

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Millions of immigrant children without legal status grow up in the U.S. and aspire to live and thrive in American society. However, without legal status, they face challenges in integrating into society. Implemented in 2012, the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program was created to help immigrant youth integrate into society by providing them with work permits, facilitating educational opportunities, and protection from deportation. However, not all immigrant children qualify for DACA, and the recent legal challenges to DACA prohibit new applicants and put roughly 600,000 recipients in legal limbo. The research questions this study poses are 1.) How …

Evaluating The Equivalency And Ecological Validity Of Tpitos And Iters-3 Ratings Of Quality In New Hampshire’S Quality Recognition And Improvement System, Eileen Elizabeth Murphy

Master's Theses and Capstones

Quality in early childhood care and education is increasingly being monitored through state-run Quality Rating/Recognition and Improvement Systems (QRISs), however, the design of these systems is under-researched. This study explores the alignment of two observation tools used in a QRIS to assess the quality of infant and toddler care and education – the Teaching Pyramid Infant-Toddler Observation Scale (TPITOS), and the Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scale, 3rd edition (ITERS-3). These two tools are central to the two pathways for center-based care providers in New Hampshire’s QRIS, which are designed to be equivalent but different methods for measuring quality. In this study, …

Tangential Flow Treatment Of Poultry Processing Wastewater Using Stainless Steel Ultrafiltration Membrane, Saubana Olorunsola Dada

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The current treatment of poultry processing wastewater (PPW) requires a large expanse of land, takes time, and requires chemical usage. The wastewater is typically treated prior to discharge. Apart from aiming to reuse the treated water for non-potable activities, this project aimed to reduce the footprint and time required for PPW treatment. To intensify the PPW treatment units, we studied the possibility of replacing dissolved air floatation (DAF) with a stainless steel ultrafiltration membrane (SSUF). Combined PPW from all processing units taken before the first DAF and the second DAF were used for this study with no pretreatment. The SSUF …

Role Of Carbohydrate Source As Part Of A Higher Protein Diet On Markers Of Metabolic Syndrome, Ada-Miette Josephine Thomas

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Obesity has become a major health crisis in the United States and across the globe [1]. Recent findings suggest that approximately 50% of U.S. adults will have obesity and 25% will have severe obesity (body mass index (BMI) > 40 kg/m2) by the year 2030 [2]. Obesity-related cardiometabolic dysfunction is a significant public health concern [3, 4]. As rates of obesity increase, so too does prevalence of the metabolic syndrome [5]. In the United States, incidence of Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increasing, with approximately one in three adults qualifying for a diagnosis [6, 7]. MetS is a grouping of cardiometabolic risk factors …

Winter Hardy Small Cereals For Grazing Or Silage In Eastern Nebraska, Abigail M. Sartin

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Two, 3-year studies were conducted to evaluate the value of cereal rye, winter wheat, and winter triticale as forage sources for either for silage or early spring grazing. For silage, the objective was to evaluate species and maturity effects on dry matter yield, nutritive value, and fermentation of small cereal silage. There are no major differences between wheat, rye, or triticale in terms of the relative timing of each species reached each maturity stage. There are no differences among species in dry matter (DM) yield, except for wheat which tends to decline at soft dough due to senescence of the …

Methods To Reduce Nitrogen And Carbon Losses From Finishing Beef Cattle, Hanna K. Cronk

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

A finishing experiment evaluated the effect of incremental supplemental rumen-protected lysine on beef cattle performance. All cattle were fed the same diet of high moisture corn, dried rolled corn, modified distillers grains plus solubles, corn silage, and supplement with inclusion levels of lysine ranging from 0 to 7 grams/day, in 1 g increments. Dry matter intake (P ≤ 0.04) and ADG (P ≤ 0.04) decreased linearly as supplemental lysine increased in the diet with no effect on final carcass adjusted feed efficiency (P ≥ 0.34). In the initial 64 days of the experiment, increasing lysine in the …