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The Sidelined Front-Liners: Eritrean Cbos In Greater Cairo, Nada Hegazy

Theses and Dissertations

Despite the recognition of the important role that community-based organizations play, among international actors concerned with refugee issues, as well as UNHCR’s adoption of a community-based approach to protection; community-based organizations continue to be sidelined by these actors. This thesis explores the role that Eritrean CBOs play in improving the lives of Eritrean refugees and asylum-seekers living in Greater Cairo. It also investigates the challenges that they face while trying to operate in Egypt. Using a multi-scalar lens, the research examines the relationships between Eritrean CBOs and Eritrean refugees and asylum-seekers, the State, UNHCR and its partner organizations, in addition …

A Qualitative Exploration Of Food Literacy In International Schools In Egypt, Amy Pugsley

Theses and Dissertations

Food literacy is an essential part of good physical and psychological health, however, food literacy is not a mandatory part of K-12 education in all schools. Many factors can influence food literacy levels including familial culture, socioeconomic status, and education levels. This research seeks to examine perceptions of food literacy in high school students and educators at two private American international schools located in Cairo, Egypt. Through the use of observations and interviews, the researcher used a qualitative approach to understand the self-perceptions of food literacy in students studying the American curriculum. The study revealed that students from high-socio-economic backgrounds …

Assessing The Correlation Between The Socioeconomic Level And Cognitive Function Among Older Adults In Egypt, Macy Abougabal

Theses and Dissertations

The number of older adults is increasing worldwide at an unprecedented rate. Some countries began to understand the challenges of aging, while others are still at the stage of comprehending the true dimensions of the situation. There is a global focus on aging research to appropriately mitigate the negative impact of aging and cognitive decline. Not only that dementia add economic pressure on governments, it also increase the psychological and physical burden of the caregivers. Scholars have previously studied socioeconomic level in three variables, namely work, education, and income, and their relationship with cognitive function. It was concluded that the …

History Of Childhood Physical Abuse Is Associated With Gut Microbiota Diversity Among Adult Psychiatric Inpatients, Jessica C Rohr, Katelynn A Bourassa, Dominique S Thompson, J Christopher Fowler, B Christopher Frueh, Benjamin L Weinstein, Joseph Petrosino, Alok Madan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Traumatic life events are associated with the development of psychiatric and chronic medical illnesses. This exploratory study examined the relationship between traumatic life events and the gut microbiota among adult psychiatric inpatients.

METHODS: 105 adult psychiatric inpatients provided clinical data and a single fecal sample shortly after admission. A modified version of the Stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire was used to quantify history of traumatic life events. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the gut microbial community.

RESULTS: Gut microbiota diversity was not associated with overall trauma score or any of the three trauma factor scores. Upon …

Social Risks, Social Needs, And Attitudes Toward Social Health Screening 1 Year Into The Covid-19 Pandemic: Survey Of Adults In An Integrated Health Care Delivery System, Nancy P Gordon, Carmen Byker Shanks, Richard W Grant

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction Information about demographic differences in social risks, needs, and attitudes toward social health screening in non-highly vulnerable adult populations is lacking. Methods The authors analyzed data for 2869 Kaiser Permanente Northern California non-Medicaid-covered members aged 35 to 85 who responded to a 2021 English-only mailed/online survey. The survey covered 7 social risk and 11 social needs domains and attitudes toward social health screening. The authors used data weighted to the Kaiser Permanente Northern California membership to estimate prevalence of risks, needs, and screening receptivity in the overall population, by race/ethnicity (White, Black, Latinx, Asian American/Pacific Islander) and age (35-65 …

Annual Legumes As An Alternative For Animal Feeding In Cuba, María Felicia Díaz, C. Padilla, E. Lon Wo, M. Castro, R. S. Herrera, R. O. Martínez

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Studies conducted in Cuba have demonstrated the importance of the agronomic and nutritional performance of the species Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), Canavalia ensiformis (jackbean), Stizolobium niveum (mucuna), Lablab purpureus (dolicho) and Glycine max (soybean) as feed sources for non-ruminant species. Under Cuban tropical conditions, and with minimum agricultural inputs, jackbean, dolicho and mucuna have attained forage yields between 4 and 6 t dry matter (DM)/ha and grain yields between 2.57 and 3.41 t/ha and cowpea and soybean have given yields of between 1 and 2 t/ha (Díaz 2000). This study was carried out to determine the chemical composition of grains and …

Relative Yields And Nutritive Value Of Whole Crop Rice Harvested On Four Successive Dates For Forage In Korea, Jong-Geun Kim, Y. C. Lim, E. S. Chung, S. H. Yoon, S. Seo, M. J. Kim

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

About four million tons of forages are fed to ruminants in Korea, but half of them rely on rice straw as roughage and 0.6 million tons of forage was imported. The lack of forage results in increased imports of concentrate feeds and increased production cost. Now, Korea has about 1.1 million ha of rice fields, but as a consequence of world trade negotiation, Korea will open the rice market from next year. It is expected that due to aging farmers and lower rice price, about 0.2 million ha of paddy field will not be cultivated for grain rice. Therefore, we …

Nutritional Evaluation Of Banana Peelings From The Various Banana Varieties In Different Regions Of Uganda, J. Nambi-Kasozi, Elly N. Sabiiti, F. B. Bareeba, E. Sporndly

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Uganda, peri-urban agriculture is very important in sustaining livelihoods of the increasing population in urban and peri-urban (U & PU) areas. However, this form of agriculture has a number of problems, feed shortage being the most important. The agricultural produce brought in from the rural areas is marketed in raw form hence increasing the crop wastes in the market areas. The crop wastes, if properly sorted, can serve as alternative feeds for the animals kept in the U & PU areas. Banana (Musa spp) peelings (BP) constitute the largest proportion of all the crop wastes in most …

Changes In Grass Quality Of Coastal Meadows In Estonia, Tiina Köster, Karin Kauer, R. Viiralt, A. Selge

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Estonia the reason for reduction in coastal meadows and expansion of the stands of the common reed (Phragmites australis) is the discontinuation of traditional use of grasslands which were previously grazed and cut. Phragmites australis usually produces dense and monospecific stands at the waterline, where species richness is low. It can survive in ungrazed shore meadows, but it suffers from grazing (Tyler, 1969). The investigated Phragmitetum australis association had been influenced by grazing activities, but it remained rather sparse and due to that had relatively low productivity, reaching 3.11 t DM/ha. Traditionally coastal meadows have been used …

Diversity And Variation In Nutritive Value Of Plants Growing On 2 Saline Sites In Southwestern Australia, Hayley C. Norman, R. A. Dynes, D. G. Masters

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In south-western Australia 10% or 1.8 million ha of the farmed area is affected by dryland salinity and a further 6 million ha are at risk of salinity (NLWRA, 2001). Animal production from saltbush (Atriplex spp.)-based pasture systems represents the most likely large-scale opportunity for productive use of saline land in the short to medium term. Feeding saltbush-based pastures as a maintenance feed during the prolonged autumn feed gap typical in Mediterranean-type climates maximises their economic value. The aim of this study was to explore the diversity and nutritive value of plants that typically persist in saltbush-based saltland pastures.

Nutritional Characteristics Of Four Species Of Native Pastures From The Highlands Of Central Mexico, O. A. Castelán, A. A. Rayas, A. Espinoza, J. Estrada, C. Arriaga, F. Mould

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Research in Mexico has been devoted to nutritional characterisation of improved pastures, but native species of grasses have not been studied. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the nutritional value of four species of native pastures and composite samples of them.

Seasonal Variation Of Forage Productivity And Quality Of Communally Managed Grassland In The N’Komati River Basin, D. W. Nguluve, C. Menezes, A. Buluveze, A. P. Laita

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Livestock production is increasing in Mozambique. This trend, however, is facing such challenges as land tenure, erratic and not well-distributed rainfall (resulting in floods or droughts), overgrazing, wildfires, and the unsustainable resource management practices of communities. The study objectives were to evaluate forage species occurrence and seasonal variation and to estimate grassland productivity, nutritive value and savanna carrying capacity.

Variations In Nutritive Values Of Two Different Desert Forage Plants Growing In The United Arab Emirate Environment, T. Ksiksi, A. Bamakhrama, M. Satri

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forage plants in desert environments have to withstand both shortages in resources and over grazing during most years. This variation in resource availability is associated with variation in the nutritive values of the plant species. Moreover, these differences are not only seasonal but also vary between plant parts. Variations in nutritive values in key species, therefore, need to be better understood in order to sustainably feed livestock (Abdurazak et al., 2000), because effective management requires adequate knowledge of the interaction between the animal, the pasture and the environment (Kassilly, 2002). Forage toxicity could, however, cause irreparable damage to production. …

Factors Affecting Forage Quality Of Native Species In Iranian Rangelands, Hossein Arzani, J. Torkan, H. Kaboli, M. Zohdi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Animal performance is closely correlated with the nutrient value of the forage available and this is affected by different factors (Arzani et al., 2001). Crude protein content (CP), digestible dry matter (DDM) and metabolisable energy (ME) were considered particularly appropriate for evaluation of range forage quality. This paper reports on factors affecting the forage quality of range species grown in Iran.

Determination And Comparison Of Forage Quality Of Five Species In Different Phenological Stages In Alborz Rangelands (Iran), A. Ahmadi, Hossein Arzani, A. A. Jaafari

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In order to evaluate grazing capacity and integrated management of rangelands and grasslands , it is necessary to be aware of the quality of range plants. Phenological (growth) stage has the greatest effect on forage quality with most of the qualitative indices decreasing with the progress of the phenological stage (Holecheck et al., 2001). This research studied the changes in forage quality for species in the Alborz rangelands.

Variation In The Quality Of Forage Of Six Rangeland Species In Different Phenological Stages, Zeid Ahmadi, H. Arzani, Hossein Azarnivand

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An understanding of forage quality is fundamental to the measurement of grazing capacity. In addition, knowledge of forage quality is necessary for planning grazing and developing range improvement and development programmes, such as planting and seeding of rangelands. Among the different factors that affect forage quality, phenological stage is particularly important (Cook, 1972; Caballero et al.,2001). The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of plant species, phenological stages and life form on forage quality indices.

Chemical Composition And Gas Production Of Pasture Dominated By Artemisia Frigida And Carex Duriscula Species, G. Udval

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In vitro gas production from a feed sample incubated with a rumen fluid inoculum has been successfully used by Menke et al. (1979) and Steingass & Menke (1986) to predict the nutritive value of the substrate fermented. Recently, the gas test has been adapted so that the increase in gas production at a series of chosen time intervals is read off. The aim of this study was to describe the kinetics of fermentation of the feed incubated with reference to OMD, DMD, metabolisable energy (ME), neutral and acid detergent fiber (NDF, ADF), cellulose and lignin contents. Samples were harvested …

Nutrient Accumulation In Leaves And Soft Twigs Of Moringa Oleifera Lam. At Different Growth Stages In Western Highland Of Cameroon, E. Tedonkeng Pamo, B. Boukila, J. R. Kana, F. Tendonkeng, L. B. Tonfack, M. C. Solefack Momo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Moringa oleifera belongs to the Moringaceae family and is considered to have its origin in the south of the Himalayan mountains. The species is being introduced into the highland zone of Cameroon. It is a tree which has many valuable properties and it is of great nutritional and scientific interest. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate nutrient composition in leaves and soft twigs of M. oleifera at different growth heights when grown in the Western Highland of Cameroon.

Characterisation Of Herbage From Temperate Organic Pastures, E. Kuusela

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grazing is an essential part of organic dairy farming systems. Although the nutritive value of herbage and herbage availability determine the intake and nutrient supply for grazing cows, the composition of typical herbage from organic pastures has been unclear.

Water-Soluble Carbohydrate (Wsc) Concentrations In Ireland And Norway Of Lolium Perenne Differing In Wsc Genotype And Receiving Varying Rates Of N Fertiliser, P. O'Kiely, L. Nesheim, P. Conaghan, F. P. O'Mara

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cultivars bred for elevated water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentration may have improved grass ensilability and nutritive value. Increasing rates of application of N fertiliser generally reduce grass WSC concentration, although it is unknown if the response is similar for normal and elevated WSC genotypes or if these factors interact with growing conditions. This experiment evaluated the effects on grass WSC concentration of varying N fertiliser application rates to perennial ryegrass cultivars of high or normal WSC genotype grown in Ireland and Norway.

Proanthocyanidins From Hedysarum, Lotus And Onobrychis Spp. Growing In Sardinia And Sicily And Their Antioxidant Activity, A. Tava, M. G. De Begedetto, D. Tedesco, G. Di Miceli, G. Piluzza

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Proanthocyanidins (PA), or condensed tannins, are a class of natural polyphenolic compounds, occurring in numerous plant species, including a number of economically significant forage legumes. These compounds are polymers of flavan-3-ols, and typically contain from 2 to 20 units. Their biological significance is still being debated and, in recent years, a great deal of attention has been focused on their role in ruminant nutrition. Evidence has indicated that PA, in a moderate concentration (0.5-5% DM), may have considerable importance in protecting dietary proteins against microbial degradation in the rumen, and in preventing bloat. The antioxidant activity (AA) is also an …

Predicting Intake From Indigestible Fibre, Kenneth J. Moore, J. R. Russell

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Dry matter intake (DMI) of forages is often estimated as a reciprocal function of fibre concentration: DMI = fibre intake capacity / dietary fibre concentration (Mertens, 1987). This theoretical relationship is based on the concept that consumption of forage diets is limited by fill and that fibre represents the bulk of forage diets. This model, however, does not account for differences in DMI which should occur among forages with similar fibre concentrations but differing fibre digestibility. To account for these differences, we proposed an intake model where DMI is a reciprocal function of indigestible fibre concentration: DMI = c / …

Validation Of Faecal Nirs For Monitoring The Diet Of Confined And Grazing Goats, S. Y. Landau, T. A. Glasser, L. Dvash, Avi Perevolotsky

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Goats are used for brush control and ecological management of Mediterranean grazing lands. Farmers are willing to cooperate with communities but they need an easy method to evaluate the daily intake of nutrients. A calibration of the chemical attributes of goats' diets was set-up, based on faecal near infrared (NIR) spectra (Landau et al., 2004; Table 1). The accuracy of this methodology was estimated by using the standard error of cross-validation (SECV), which represents the variability in the difference between predicted and reference values when the equation is applied sequentially to subsets of data from the calibration data set. …

Near Infrared Spectroscopy To Assess Feeding Value And Antinutritional Compounds In Legume Species, M. Odoardi, S. Colombini, G. Piluzza, M. Confalonieri

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There is an increasing demand for information on the quality characteristics and chemical composition of forages in order to meet the demands of dietary specifications for feeding animals. Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy provides a tool for rapid and non-destructive analysis in agronomic and breeding programs of a number of chemical components of forages and grains. NIR spectroscopy in particular has the advantage of being able to simultaneously evaluate the samples for a number of qualitative traits of whole plants and seeds. In two experiments here presented, NIR Spectroscopy was used to predict: i) qualitative characteristics of field pea seeds and, …

Sample Preparation Method For Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy To Predict Fermentation Quality Of Maize Silage, H. S. Park, J. K. Lee, M. C. Kim

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Using NIRS directly on undried silage can increase error due to variability in sample particle size, temperature and water content (Givens et al., 1997). These problems can be overcome by grinding silages in frozen state with dry ice or liquid nitrogen, but such procedures are time-consuming and inconvenient due to cleanup required between samples and the need to thaw the sample for subsequent use. The objective of this experiment was to assess the effect of sample preparation methods on prediction of fermentation quality of maize silage, and to select an acceptable sample-preparation method for wet silage.

Nutritive Quality Of Silages By Conventional Laboratory Methods And Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy, Pilar Castro, G. Flores, A. González-Arráez, J. Castro, B. Fernández-Lorenzo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Preservation of forages as silages is needed by dairy farmers in NW Spain to feed their cows during the dry (summer) and cold (winter) seasons. The objective of this work was to compare the prediction of in vivo digestibility values by conventional laboratory methods and by near infra-red reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for herbage and maize silages.

A Rapid Estimation Of Nitrogen Bound To Neutral Detergent Fibre In Forages By Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy, Jérôme Bindelle, G. Sinnaeve, P. Dardenne, P. Leterme, A. Buldgen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is widely used as a rapid method for the evaluation of the chemical composition or the nutritive value of foodstuffs (Givens et al., 1997). The determination of the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) bound N (NDF-N), which is highly variable in forages (Shayo & Udén, 1999), is expensive. The purpose of this study was to test the use of NIRS in the prediction of NDF-N in various forages.

Towards Truly “Global” Near Infrared Calibrations For Protein And Neutral Detergent Fibre In Dried Ground Forages, D. Undersander, P. Berzaghi, P. Dardenne, P. Flinn, N. P. Martin, C. Paul, B. N. B. Büchmann, F. Mazeris, M. Lagerholm, I. A. Cowe

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Over the past five years, Foss and DeLaval have sponsored the activities of a group of forage analysts with the aim of developing "global" Near Infrared (NIR) calibrations for parameters that are important in ruminant nutrition. The approach adopted has been based on the amalgamation of historical databases from centres worldwide and calibrations for protein and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in dried ground forages have been developed based on databases that currently comprise approximately 30,000 records. Protein and NDF, while not the most important parameters in ruminant nutrition, were chosen for the initial calibration development exercise because of the amount …

Forage Quality As Related To Mineral Concentrations In Tropical Regions, L. R. Mcdowell

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Often tropical forages contain deficient or toxic concentrations of minerals for grazing livestock (McDowell, 2003). Tropical forages generally contain less of the more essential minerals than species grown in temperate regions (McDowell & Valle, 2000). Mineral elements in forages are dependent upon the interaction of a number of factors, including soil, plant species, stage of maturity, yield, pasture management and climate. The objective of this study was to determine the adequacy of minerals for ruminants in forages collected from seven tropical countries.

Mineral Status Of Some Permanent Range Plants For Grazing Sheep In Semi-Arid Areas Of The Chaharmahal And Bakhtiari Province In Iran. 2. Trace Minerals, G. H. R. Shadnoush

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The principal factors limiting the performance of grazing animals are low protein content of grasses, low energy intake due to high fibre content and mineral deficiencies or imbalances (McDowell, 1985). At least 26 mineral elements are required by at least one animal species (Church et al., 1988). These elements are generally required in small amounts. They have a great deal of importance for body tissue growth as well as for physiological functions. Mineral deficiencies and imbalances have been reported from almost all tropical regions of the world. This study was designed to measure the copper, iron, manganese and zinc …