Digital Commons Network^™

Gut Microbiota Induces Weight Gain And Inflammation In The Gut And Adipose Tissue Independent Of Manipulations In Diet, Genetics, And Immune Development, Devesha H Kulkarni, Brigida Rusconi, Alexandria N Floyd, Elisabeth L Joyce, Khushi B Talati, Hrishi Kousik, Dereck Alleyne, Dalia L Harris, Lorena Garnica, Ryan Mcdonough, Shay S Bidani, Hrishikesh S Kulkarni, Elizabeth P Newberry, Keely G Mcdonald, Rodney D Newberry

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Obesity and the metabolic syndrome are complex disorders resulting from multiple factors including genetics, diet, activity, inflammation, and gut microbes. Animal studies have identified roles for each of these, however the contribution(s) specifically attributed to the gut microbiota remain unclear, as studies have used combinations of genetically altered mice, high fat diet, and/or colonization of germ-free mice, which have an underdeveloped immune system. We investigated the role(s) of the gut microbiota driving obesity and inflammation independent of manipulations in diet and genetics in mice with fully developed immune systems. We demonstrate that the human obese gut microbiota alone was sufficient …

Characterization Of Tungiasis Infection And Morbidity Using Thermography In Kenya Revealed Higher Disease Burden During Covid-19 School Closures, Lynne Elson, Abneel K. Matharu, Naomi Riithi, Paul Ouma, Francis Mutebi, Hermann Feldmeier, Jürgen Krücken, Ulrike Fillinger

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Background: Tungiasis is a neglected tropical skin disease caused by the sand flea Tunga penetrans. Female fleas penetrate the skin, particularly at the feet, and cause severe inflammation. This study aimed to characterize disease burden in two highly affected regions in Kenya, to test the use of thermography to detect tungiasis-associated inflammation and to create a new two-level classification of disease severity suitable for mapping, targeting, and monitoring interventions. Methods: From February 2020 to April 2021, 3532 pupils age 8–14 years were quasi-randomly selected in 35 public primary schools and examined for tungiasis and associated symptoms. Of the infected pupils, …

Willingness Of Graduate Nursing Students To Provide Care For Covid-19 Patients, Andrea Beatrice Josef, Hannah Grace Pascual, Antonette Mei Surigao, Jemina E. Fuentebella, Kathyrine Calong Calong, Gil P. Soriano, Carrisa Juliana Balaria, Ryan Michael F. Oducado

Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia

Nurses play a key role in management and care services to maintain patient safety; however, with the emergence of COVID-19, the number of nurses still continues to decline. Due to the on-going problem that even novice nurses may see as a major challenge, this study aims to identify whether nursing graduates are willing to participate in the care of COVID- 19 patients. The study is cross-sectional where a total of 146 conveniently chosen nursing graduates currently enrolled in Nursing Review Centers in the Philippines preparing to take the Nurse Licensure Examination. The data were collected using Google forms from August …

Evaluation Of Solid Medical Waste Management In Bogor Regional Public Hospitals, Silvia Khansa, Agustin Kusumayati, Dewi Susanna, Uli Tiarma Sinaga

Kesmas

Healthcare facilities generate medical waste. If not properly managed, medical waste may damage the environment and spread diseases. Many hospitals in Indonesia do not adhere to medical waste management regulations. This study aimed to evaluate the management of solid medical waste at four public hospitals in Bogor District, Indonesia. A case study design was used to obtain a comprehensive description of the solid medical waste management activities inthe hospitals. Data were collected through direct observations, interviews, and document reviews. This study revealed that the medical waste generated in allhospitals was infectious, pathological, pharmaceutical, chemical, and cytotoxic, totaling approximately 4,000-12,000 kg. …

Development Of An Evidence-Based Tool To Assess The Relative Vulnerability Of Different Communities To Tuberculosis, Slamet Isworo, Sri Handayani, Reece Hinchcliff, Zainal Arifin Hasibuan

Kesmas

Identifying specific tuberculosis (TB) vulnerabilities in populations based on their geographical, demographic, and epidemiological characteristics is anessential yet challenging requirement to help reduce and eliminate TB. Assessment tools that can accurately quantify the risks associated with key factorscould be used to measure TB vulnerability efficiently and indicate the most appropriate range of interventions. This study aimed to develop TB vulnerability assessment tools based on a TB vulnerability assessment conceptual framework developed with Leximancer. Three steps to produce the tools were facetanalysis, interpreting the facet to create a list of questions, and expert judgment to confirm the suitability of the questionnaire. …

Comparison Of Factors Responsible For The High Prevalence Of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension, Maternal Death, And Preterm Birth Among Black Women In Washington, Dc And Massachusetts, Caroline Ohakwe

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

No abstract provided.

Finding Silver Linings In The Covid-19 Pandemic: A 2-Wave Study In The Uk, Alison M. Bacon, Jaysan Charlesford, Michael Hyland, Tilla Puskas, Poppy Hughes

School of Psychology

The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in widespread anxiety, fear and depression, yet focussing only on these negative issues may obscure the opportunity to promote positivity and resilience. Traumatic events can often result in positive life changes (termed adversarial growth) though there is little evidence in the context of pandemics, and no previous studies in Covid-19 with the general public. The present research investigated whether adversarial growth was perceived in Covid-19 and whether this could account for variance in wellbeing, over and above effects of personality traits. Participants recruited from the UK public (N = 183) completed the Big Five Personality …

Team-Based Learning In The Internal Medicine Clerkship Didactics, Madeline Garb, Melissa Jenkins, Elaine Cruz

Faculty Scholarship

Background: Active-learning approaches, such as team-based learning, are infrequently used in internal medicine clerkship didactics even though there is increasing evidence to suggest medical students prefer it over traditional lecture-based learning. In this study, five team-based learning sessions were incorporated into three blocks of a 12-week internal medicine clerkship. Methods: The goal of this quasi-experimental study was to compare learner engagement, satisfaction and preference between team-based learning and lecture-based learning in the internal medicine clerkship didactics. Outcomes were compared using the Classroom Engagement Survey, a satisfaction questionnaire and the Team-Based Learning Student Assessment Instrument (TBL-SAI). Findings: There was a statistically …

Cannabinoids In Periodontology: Where Are We Now?, Yésica Carmona Rendón, Hernán Santiago Garzón, Bruno Bueno-Silva, Roger M Arce, Lina Janeth Suárez

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: Cannabinoids are a well-documented treatment modality for various immune and inflammatory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Crohn's disease, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and a range of neurodegenerative conditions. However, limited information is available regarding the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids in treating periodontal disease.

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the current evidence on the antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects of cannabis and its role in the healing and regeneration processes within periodontal tissues.

Results: This review discusses the potential role of cannabinoids in restoring periodontal tissue homeostasis.

Conclusions: The examination of the endocannabinoid system and the …

Injustice In The Field? A Look At Field Booking Arrests In A Southeastern City, Deena A. Isom, Kaitlen E. Hubbard, Hiuxuan Li

International Journal on Responsibility

Issuing citations in lieu of arrests, or field booking arrests, is touted as beneficial by reducing the costs for the criminal legal system; reducing the burdens placed on individuals by avoiding arrest records, possible pretrial detention, and financial obligations; bettering community relationships with officers; increasing officer safety and efficiency; and reducing jail overcrowding. Yet, there are still substantial concerns that the practice may be disproportionately utilized and lead to net-widening. Using data obtained from a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request, we assess a snapshot of field booking arrests in a Southeastern city. Specifically, we assess if there are racial …

Exploration Of The Implementation Of An Integrated Electronic Laboratory Information Management System On Quality Diagnostics Service Indicators At A County Level Public Hospital In Western Kenya., Kelly Allen

Capstone Collection

Underinvestment in pathology and laboratory capacity caused by low visibility in research and in prioritization by public health leaders results in limited effective healthcare coverage and an estimated 1.1 million premature deaths annually in Low-and-Middle-Income Countries. Kenya’s public health laboratories provide a median 41% of the Essential Diagnostic List to their patients and in Kisumu County, as much as 44.2% of the population has little to no access to essential diagnostics. The government of Kisumu implemented the county Health Laboratory Strategic Plan 2018-2022 to address this public health challenge. Little information exists on the effectiveness of these initiatives and the …

Examining Factors Associated With Covid-19 Full Vaccination Rates Among Healthcare Workers, Carrie Jeanne Vanzant

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Chlorhexidine Products On Nosocomial Infections: A Benchmark Study, Sarah Withers

MSN Capstone Projects

Healthcare associated infections (HAI) are more than a burden as they can result in subsequent complications, prolonged patient stays in the hospital, as well as additional antibiotic treatment. The evidence-based change project will focus on ensuring that patients with any form of a central line who are admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), receive a bath using chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) products once daily as well as the use of antimicrobial intravenous (IV) caps.

Unmc Ai Task Force Report, Emily Glenn, Rachel Lookadoo, Unmc Ai Task Force

Reports: University of Nebraska Medical Center

In July 2023, University of Nebraska Medical Center and Nebraska Medicine leadership charged a task force with investigating facets of artificial intelligence (AI) in an academic health center setting. What must we know, do and plan for regarding generative artificial intelligence in the domains of enhancing education, research, clinical care, business functions and in combating misinformation/disinformation? Task force members were allocated into five subcommittees to investigate key points to inform strategic planning—Enhance Learning, Enhance Research, Enhance Clinical Care, Enhance Business Function and Combat Dis-/Mis-Information and Bias. This work was aligned with the UNMC Strategic Planning process as a “big rock” …

Autogenous Reproduction By Ornithodoros Turicata (Ixodida: Argasidae) Females And Vertical Transmission Of The Tick-Borne Pathogen Borrelia Turicatae (Spirochaetales: Borreliaceae), Serhii Filatov, Aparna Krishnavajhala, Job E Lopez

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Ornithodoros turicata is a vector of relapsing fever spirochetes in North America and transmits Borrelia turicatae to a variety of vertebrate hosts. The remarkably long lifespan of O. turicata and its ability to maintain spirochetes horizontally (between life stages) and vertically (to progeny) promote the perpetuation of B. turicatae in nature. Nevertheless, the reproductive biology of O. turicata is poorly understood. In this report, we collected ticks from a park within a neighborhood of Austin, TX. They were reared to adulthood, and male ticks were individually housed with females. We observed autogenous reproduction, which is the ability to produce eggs …

Helicobacter Pylori And Intestinal Parasites Co-Infection: Estimation Of Risk Factors Among Dyspeptic Patients In Mukalla City, Hadhramout, Yemen, Eidha Ali Bin-Hameed Bin-Hameed, Huda Mohammed Barajash Barajash

Hadhramout University Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences

The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection among dyspeptic patients was common in developing countries. H. pylori is capable of colonizing the gastric mucosa, and the infections often lead to the development of various gastrointestinal complaints. Human colonization by H. pylori and intestinal parasites is also common. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence co-infection of H. pylori and intestinal parasites and associated risk factors among dyspeptic patients referred to Mukalla city hospitals, Hadhramout, Yemen. In this cross-sectional study, one hundred stool samples were collected and diagnosed for detection H. pylori infection by rapid immunochromatographic stool-based antigen …

Education For Citizenship In Times Of Global Challenge. Iea International Civic And Citizenship Education Study 2022 International Report, Wolfram Schulz, John Ainley, Julian Fraillon, Bruno Losito, Gabriella Agrusti, Damiani Valeria, Tim Friedman

Civics and Citizenship Assessment

This publication contains the first report on findings from the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) 2022 which was conducted across 24 education systems to provide data and insights about lower-secondary school students’ understanding of civics and citizenship. Countries participating were: Brazil; Bulgaria; Chinese Taipei; Colombia; Croatia; Cyprus; Denmark; Estonia; France; Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia); Germany (Schleswig-Holstein); Italy; Latvia; Lithuania; Malta; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Romania; Serbia; Slovak Republic; Slovenia; Spain; and Sweden. The third cycle of ICCS set out to address aspects related to global citizenship, sustainable development, migration, changes to traditional political systems, and the use of digital technologies …

Global Genetic Diversity, Introgression, And Evolutionary Adaptation Of Indicine Cattle Revealed By Whole Genome Sequencing., Ningbo Chen, Xiaoting Xia, Quratulain Hanif, Fengwei Zhang, Ruihua Dang, Bizhi Huang, Yang Lyu, Xiaoyu Luo, Hucai Zhang, Huixuan Yan, Shikang Wang, Fuwen Wang, Jialei Chen, Xiwen Guan, Yangkai Liu, Shuang Li, Liangliang Jin, Pengfei Wang, Luyang Sun, Jicai Zhang, Jianyong Liu, Kaixing Qu, Yanhong Cao, Junli Sun, Yuying Liao, Zhengzhong Xiao, Ming Cai, Lan Mu, Amam Zonaed Siddiki, Muhammad Asif, Shahid Mansoor, Masroor Ellahi Babar, Tanveer Hussain, Gamamada Liyanage Lalanie Pradeepa Silva, Neena Amatya Gorkhali, Endashaw Terefe, Gurja Belay, Abdulfatai Tijjani, Tsadkan Zegeye, Mebrate Genet Gebre, Yun Ma, Yu Wang, Yongzhen Huang, Xianyong Lan, Hong Chen, Nicola Rambaldi Migliore, Giulia Colombo, Ornella Semino, Alessandro Achilli, Mikkel-Holger S Sinding, Johannes A Lenstra, Haijian Cheng, Wenfa Lu, Olivier Hanotte, Jianlin Han, Yu Jiang, Chuzhao Lei

Faculty Research 2023

Indicine cattle, also referred to as zebu (Bos taurus indicus), play a central role in pastoral communities across a wide range of agro-ecosystems, from extremely hot semiarid regions to hot humid tropical regions. However, their adaptive genetic changes following their dispersal into East Asia from the Indian subcontinent have remained poorly documented. Here, we characterize their global genetic diversity using high-quality whole-genome sequencing data from 354 indicine cattle of 57 breeds/populations, including major indicine phylogeographic groups worldwide. We reveal their probable migration into East Asia was along a coastal route rather than inland routes and we detected introgression from other …

Towards Digital Health Transformation: The Urgency Of Electronic Student Health Reports (Case Study In Sd Negeri Cipedak 03, South Jakarta And Puskesmas Jagakarsa), Retnowati Retnowati, Kemal N. Siregar, Dion Zein Nurizin, Arief Azhari Ilyas

Jurnal Biostatistik, Kependudukan, dan Informatika Kesehatan

The community health center (Puskesmas) routinely collects student health examination data in health report books, causing storage, monitoring, and analysis difficulties. This has led to suboptimal health interventions involving parents, schools, and Puskesmas. This research analyzes user needs in developing an electronic-based student health report. This qualitative descriptive study employs the Framework for the Application of System Thinking (FAST) approach. The research was conducted at the Puskesmas Jagakarsa and SD Negeri Cipedak 03, South Jakarta. The study findings indicate utilizing student health report books is not optimal. Based on the needs analysis, there is a necessity to develop an electronic-based …

Analisis Spasial Autokorelasi Tuberkulosis Di Pulau Jawa Tahun 2021, Nayaka Nayottama Pamadi, Kemal N. Siregar, Martya Rahmaniati, Atmiroseva Atmiroseva

Jurnal Biostatistik, Kependudukan, dan Informatika Kesehatan

Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah salah satu penyakit menular yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Terlebih, adanya pandemi COVID-19 berimbas kepada berkurangnya progress dan penanganan TB di tahun 2021, maka dari itu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui situasi TB dan melihat hubungan spasial pada kasus TB dengan faktor-faktor risikonya di salah satu wilayah dengan jumlah kasus tertinggi di Indonesia; Pulau Jawa, di tingkat kabupaten/kota. Faktor risiko dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu faktor geografis seperti rata-rata ketinggian, suhu tahunan, dan kelembaban tahunan; serta faktor sosiodemografi yang mencakup kepadatan penduduk/densitas, jumlah fasilitas kesehatan, dan rata-rata usia diagnosis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pola mengelompok …

Antibiotic Resistance At Sequence, Population, And Global Scales, Kevin Blake

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Antibiotic resistance (AR) can be studied at multiple scales. The smallest is at the level of the DNA or amino acid sequence of AR genes, characterizing how AR genes are encoded, regulated, and expressed. Next is the level of protein structure, deciphering the 3D shape of AR proteins and how that shape affects function. The next higher scale is that of biochemistry, studying the kinetics of these proteins’ mechanism of action and interactions with drug molecules. The level of populations studies individual species of bacteria that are resistant to specific antibiotics. The next higher scale, of microbiomes, examines many species …

Development And Implementation Of Natural Killer Cell Simultaneous Adcc And Direct Killing Assay, Maia M.C. Bennett-Boehm, Anna Mahr, Alexander Regan, Sean T. Hartwell, Isabelle Weber, Arriana Blackmon, Cami Bisson, Angela Ngoc Truong, Bella Circo, Jaden Nienhueser, Donald Rogers, Nathan Booher, Nithya Rajagopalan, Jacob W.S. Martens, Paul Denton

Biology Faculty Publications

Assays to quantify natural killer (NK) cell killing efficacy have traditionally focused on assessing either direct killing or antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) independently. Due to the probability that immunotherapeutic interventions affect NK cell-mediated direct killing and NK cell-mediated ADCC differently, we developed an assay with the capacity to measure NK cell-mediated direct killing and ADCC simultaneously with cells from the same human donor. Specifically, this design allows for a single NK cell population to be split into several experimental conditions (e.g., direct killing, ADCC), thus controlling for potential confounders associated with human-to-human variation when assessing immunotherapy impacts. Our Natural …

A Heritable Iron Memory Enables Decision-Making In Escherichia Coli, Souvik Bhattacharyya, Nabin Bhattarai, Dylan M Pfannenstiel, Brady Wilkins, Abhyudai Singh, Rasika M Harshey

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The importance of memory in bacterial decision-making is relatively unexplored. We show here that a prior experience of swarming is remembered when Escherichia coli encounters a new surface, improving its future swarming efficiency. We conducted >10,000 single-cell swarm assays to discover that cells store memory in the form of cellular iron levels. This “iron” memory preexists in planktonic cells, but the act of swarming reinforces it. A cell with low iron initiates swarming early and is a better swarmer, while the opposite is true for a cell with high iron. The swarming potential of a mother cell, which tracks with …

Identifikasi Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Penurunan Fungsi Paru Masyarakat Di Sekitar Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap, Fajaria Nurcandra, Terry Yuliana Rahadia Pristya, Azizah Musliha Fitri

Jurnal Biostatistik, Kependudukan, dan Informatika Kesehatan

Penyebab utama kelainan fungsi paru adalah kebiasaan merokok dan diperburuk oleh faktor lain seperti polusi udara dan paparan bahan kimia. Residu dari aktivitas pembangkit listrik tenaga uap yang salah satu bahan bakarnya batubara dapat menurunkan kesehatan paru-paru dalam jangka panjang atau menyebabkan penyakit karsinogenik kronis. Abu terbang sebagai residu berpotensi terlepas ke udara dalam jumlah yang dapat terhirup dan beracun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kondisi paru-paru warga sekitar PLTU X. Penelitian cross-sectional dilakukan pada 146 orang yang dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling dan tinggal di sekitar PLTU X. COPD Assessment Test (CAT) dan kuesioner mMRC digunakan untuk …

Ozgene: To Advance Humanity – Inspire Curiosity, Maarit Patrick, Mike Dixon

Huntsman School of Business Teaching Scholarship Series

The case introduces the students to Ozgene, an Australian firm that experienced a dramatic reduction in lead time of their products because of implementation of Lean principles. The case can be used in undergraduate or graduate courses in operations management or supply chain management as an introduction to Lean principles. The case also encourages students to consider the challenges that make-to-order differ from those of make-to-stock and explore production design principles.

Race/Socioeconomic Status And Covid-19: A Narrative Review, Olubunmi Oladunjoye, Akinwale Akingbule, Adebola Omogunwa, Logan Lawson, Anthony Donato

Advances in Clinical Medical Research and Healthcare Delivery

Background: COVID-19 infection has resulted in more than 620 million infections and 6.6 million deaths. Since the pandemic, many articles have been published on socioeconomic and racial disparities in COVID-19 infection and its outcomes. This article aims to review the impact of race and socioeconomic status on COVID-19 infection and vice versa.

Findings: Most studies showed an increase in COVID infections and hospitalizations in communities of color, with some showing higher mortality rates while others did not. Social determinants, including insurance and care access, food security, housing security appear to have worsened over the same period for these …

Mutation Patterns Of Integrase Gene Affect Antiretroviral Resistance In Various Non-B Subtypes Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 And Their Implications For Patients’ Therapy, Fauzia Andrini Djojosugito, Arfianti Arfianti, Rudi , Wisaksana, Agnes Rengga Indrati

BioMedicine

Although primary integrase strand transfer inhibitor resistance mutations are currently uncommon, the increasing use of integrase strand transfer inhibitor as a key component of the first, second and third-line antiretroviral regimens suggests that the prevalence of integrase drug resistance mutations will likely increase. The rise of several polymorphic mutations and natural polymorphisms also affects the level of susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type-1 to integrase strand transfer inhibitor. The considerable variability among the various subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 may contribute to differences in integrase mutations associated with integrase strand transfer inhibitors. Notably, non-B subtypes of HIV type-1 …

A Quality Improvement Initiative For Hiv Prevention In Underserved Communities, Meredith E. Clement, Angie D. Settle, Claudia T. Martorell, Jeffrey D. Carter, Melissa Rodriguez, Chelsie Anderson Chadha, Bonnie Douglas, Laura Simone, Leah Molloy

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Infectious Diseases Week, IDWeek 2023, October 11 - 15, 2023, Boston, MA

Evaluation Of Comparative Hiv Care Continuum Outcomes Following Three Years Of Program Implementation Of The Positivelinks Smartphone Intervention Among People With Hiv With And Without Substance Use, Jacqueline Hodges, Sylvia Caldwell, Kori Otero, Brooke Williams, Ben Elliott, Lauren Richey, Ava Lena Waldman, Rebecca Dillingham, Karen Ingersoll

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Infectious Diseases Week, IDWeek 2023, October 11 - 15, 2023, Boston, MA

Id Fellow Quality Improvement Project Shows Gains In Oral Health Exams For People With Hiv, Terrence Park, Lauren Richey, Paula Seal

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Infectious Diseases Week, IDWeek 2023, October 11 - 15, 2023, Boston, MA