Digital Commons Network^™

Status Of Blended Library Services At The University Of Baguio, Lea C. Colbongan-Papay, Jackson Bacolong Colas

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Blended library services are reinforced by academic librarians to deal with the challenges that come from the changes caused by the pandemic. Transformation is reflected through information and communication technologies that are in constant development and available to users remotely. This study discusses the extent of usage and effectiveness of blended library services at the University of Baguio library by the students, faculty, non-teaching, and other library users. Blended library services covered online platforms, online resources, online circulation, online reference service, online information literacy (IL), and online want list form. This study used a descriptive research design to gather the …

Prison Libraries, Intellectual Freedom And Social Justice In Nigeria, Olusegun Adebayo Opesanwo, Oluyomi Abidemi Awofeso Phd

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This paper deployed a systematic review to examine prison libraries and intellectual freedom towards attaining social justice in Nigeria. Information resources used cover the periods of 2010 and 2020 to articulate the necessary development in prison libraries, intellectual freedom and social justice in Nigeria. Search engines such as Google scholar, Semantic Scholar, and RefSeek were used to retrieve information and through different queries yielded several results but very few of them were selected to fit in the study due to limited studies directed to address the focus of this study particularly in the Nigeria scenario. Information obtained were subjected to …

Enhancing The Master Of Library And Information Science Curriculum Towards The Improvement Of The Librarian’S 21st Century Skills In The Workplace, David A. Cabonero, Rosielyn M. Austria, Regina D. Ramel

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The study was conducted to describe: 1) the graduates of the Master in Library and Information Science (MLIS) program in terms of socio-demographic, academic, and professional examination achievements profiles; 2) the employment conditions of the Saint Mary's University (SMU) Library and Information Science (LIS) graduates employment after graduation and current employment; and 3) the extent of skills learned from the program in terms of a) creativity and innovation skills, b) critical thinking and problem-solving skills, c) communication and collaboration skills, d) information, media, and technology skills, and e) life and career skills. The study utilized a descriptive method of research …

Reread Strategy For The Inclusion Of Children With Mild Intellectual Disorder In Qualitative Education In Nigeria, Monisola Adebanke Osoba, Kolawole Akinjide Aramide Phd, Adeola Esther Olutoki

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Developmental goals aiming at inclusive education for all category of children irrespective of their disability is still at variance with the present situation of children with intellectual disorder who presents a deficit in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour. This is due to low intelligence quotient score, therefore, ensuring qualitative education for this category of children is still a herculean task in Nigeria. Such children do not grasp at the same pace as the regular children, because they have difficulty in abstract thinking and problem solving.

The conventional educational system is built on skills such as comprehension, memory, abstract thinking and …

Status And Challenges Of Tribal Education In Jungle Mahal: A Statistical Analysis, Rajib Kumar Guin

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

In this paper, a picture of tribal enrolment in schools and higher education in four tribal-dominated districts of West Bengal, namely Paschim Medinipur, Jhargram, Purulia, and Bankura, collectively known as "Jungle Mahal" is analysed through various statistical data. It is examined by the statistical data that the tribals here, especially the female tribals, are still lagging in literacy rate and average enrollment in every level of education in comparison to India and West Bengal. The dropout rate of tribal students in that region at every level of schooling is much higher than the national and state rates. Apart from this, …

Law Libraries And Sustainability Of Judicial Precedent In Nigerian Legal System, Emmanuel Owushi Dr

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The study adopted descriptive study to examine law libraries and sustainability of judicial precedent in Nigerian legal system. The population involved legal educators, law librarians and practitioners in four States in different geopolitical zones of Nigeria, namely Rivers State, Lagos State, Benue State, and Anambra State. Due to the large population, the study employed multi-stage of balloting and random sampling techniques to sample 100 respondents each from the selected states. Out of the 400 samples, 389 respondents responded correctly to the questionnaire, indicating a 97.3 percent response rate. A self-designed questionnaire was utilized and means score was used to answer …

Where Do Community College Students Go For Their Reference Management Needs: Findings From A Survey Study, Ajatshatru Pathak, Sarah Johnson

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This research article reports the findings of a survey that was conducted at two community colleges affiliated with a large public university system in the Northeast of the United States. A survey was to explore community college students’ citation management help- seeking habits. Findings suggest that respondents were more likely to utilize Purdue University’s Online Writing Lab (OWL) website for reference management help than other resources. The results also show the impact of various factors (i.e., institution, academic level, undergraduate class level, field of study, age, gender, race/ethnicity, and user type) on students’ citation help -seeking practices. Significant statistical associations …

Assessing An Online Patient Decision Aid About Upper Extremity Reconstructive Surgery For Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: Pilot Testing Knowledge, Decisional Conflict, And Acceptability, William Moritz, Amanda M Westman, Mary C Politi, Dod Working Group, Ida K Fox

2020-Current year OA Pubs

UNLABELLED:

HIGHLIGHTS: People with cervical spinal cord injury prioritize gaining upper extremity function after injury, but few individuals receive information about treatment options.A newly created patient decision aid (PtDA) provides information about recovery after spinal cord injury and the role of traditional tendon and newer nerve transfer surgery to improve upper extremity upper extremity function.The PtDA improved knowledge and decreased decisional conflict in this pilot study.Future work should focus on studying dissemination and implementation of the ptDA into clinical practice.

Unicorn, Hare, Or Tortoise? Using Machine Learning To Predict Working Memory Training Performance, Yi Feng, Anja Pahor, Aaron R Seitz, Dennis L Barbour, Susanne M Jaeggi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

People differ considerably in the extent to which they benefit from working memory (WM) training. Although there is increasing research focusing on individual differences associated with WM training outcomes, we still lack an understanding of which specific individual differences, and in what combination, contribute to inter-individual variations in training trajectories. In the current study, 568 undergraduates completed one of several N-back intervention variants over the course of two weeks. Participants' training trajectories were clustered into three distinct training patterns (high performers, intermediate performers, and low performers). We applied machine-learning algorithms to train a binary tree model to predict individuals' training …

Genetic Variation In Environmental Enteropathy And Stunting In Zambian Children: A Pilot Genome Wide Association Study Using The H3africa Chip, Monica N. Mweetwa, Talin Haritunians, Shishir Dube, Kanta Chandwe, Beatrice Amadi, Kanekwa Zyambo, Ta-Chiang Liu, Dermot Mcgovern, Paul Kelly

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Stunting is known to be heavily influenced by environmental factors, so the genetic contribution has received little attention. Here we report an exploration of genetic influences in stunted Zambian children with environmental enteropathy.

METHOD: Children with stunting (LAZ < -2) were enrolled and given nutritional therapy. Those that were non-responsive to therapy were designated as cases, and children with good growth (LAZ > -1) from the same community as controls. Blood and stool samples were taken to measure biomarkers of intestinal inflammation, epithelial damage, and microbial translocation. Single nucleotide polymorphism array genotyping was carried out on saliva samples using the H3Africa consortium array.

RESULTS: Genome wide associations were analysed in 117 cases and 41 controls. While no significant associations with stunting were observed at …

Elevated Liver Glycogenolysis Mediates Higher Blood Glucose During Acute Exercise In Barth Syndrome, George G. Schweitzer, Grace L. Ditzenberger, Curtis C. Hughey, Brian N. Finck, Michael R. Martino, Christina A. Pacak, Barry J. Byrne, William Todd Cade

2020-Current year OA Pubs

UNLABELLED: Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder due to mutations in the Tafazzin (TAFAZZIN) gene that lead to cardiac and skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction. Previous studies in humans with BTHS demonstrate that the defects in muscle mitochondrial oxidative metabolism result in an enhanced reliance on anaerobic metabolism during exercise to meet energy demands of muscular work. During exercise, the liver normally increases glucose production via glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to match the elevated rate of muscle glucose uptake and meet the ATP requirements of working muscle. However, the impact of Tafazzin deficiency on hepatic glucose production and the …

Genetics Of Vegetarianism: A Genome-Wide Association Study, Nabeel R. Yaseen, Catriona L. K. Barnes, Lingwei Sun, Akiko Takeda, John P. Rice

2020-Current year OA Pubs

A substantial body of evidence points to the heritability of dietary preferences. While vegetarianism has been practiced for millennia in various societies, its practitioners remain a small minority of people worldwide, and the role of genetics in choosing a vegetarian diet is not well understood. Dietary choices involve an interplay between the physiologic effects of dietary items, their metabolism, and taste perception, all of which are strongly influenced by genetics. In this study, we used a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify loci associated with strict vegetarianism in UK Biobank participants. Comparing 5,324 strict vegetarians to 329,455 controls, we identified …

System-Dependent Image Distortion Related To Gantry Positions Of A 0.35 T Mrgrt: Characterization And The Corresponding Correction, Shanti Marasini, Benjamin Quinn, Mike Cole, Rocco Flores, Taeho Kim

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: MR-guided radiotherapy with high accuracy treatment planning requires addressing MR imaging artifacts that originate from system imperfections. This work presents the characterization and corresponding correction of gantry-related imaging distortions including geometric distortion and isocenter shift in a 0.35 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) system using distortion vector fields (DVFs).

METHODS: Two phantoms, the magnetic resonance imaging distortion in 3D (MRID

RESULTS: Geometric distortion with "mean (± SD) distortion" of 3.2 ± 0.02, 2.9 ± 0.02, and 1.8 ± 0.01 mm and isocenter shift (±SD) of 0.49 ± 0.3, 0.05 ± 0.2, and 0.01 ± 0.03 mm were …

Mri-Based Classification Of Idh Mutation And 1p/19q Codeletion Status Of Gliomas Using A 2.5d Hybrid Multi-Task Convolutional Neural Network, Satrajit Chakrabarty, Pamela Lamontagne, Joshua Shimony, Daniel S Marcus, Aristeidis Sotiras

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: IDH mutation and 1p/19q codeletion status are important prognostic markers for glioma that are currently determined using invasive procedures. Our goal was to develop artificial intelligence-based methods to noninvasively determine molecular alterations from MRI.

METHODS: Pre-operative MRI scans of 2648 glioma patients were collected from Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM;

RESULTS: For IDH, the best-performing model achieved areas under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of 0.925, 0.874, 0.933 and areas under the precision-recall curves (AUPRC) of 0.899, 0.702, 0.853 on the internal, WUSM, and EGD test sets, respectively. For 1p/19q, the best model achieved AUROCs of 0.782, 0.754, …

Structural Gray Matter Alterations In Glioblastoma And High-Grade Glioma- A Potential Biomarker Of Survival, Bidhan Lamichhane, Patrick H Luckett, Donna Dierker, Ki Yun Park, Harold Burton, Michael Olufawo, Gabriel Trevino, John J Lee, Andy G S Daniel, Carl D Hacker, Daniel S Marcus, Joshua S Shimony, Eric C Leuthardt

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) and high-grade glioma (HGG, World Health Organization [WHO] grade IV glioma) have a poor prognosis. Consequently, there is an unmet clinical need for accessible and noninvasively acquired predictive biomarkers of overall survival in patients. This study evaluated morphological changes in the brain separated from the tumor invasion site (ie, contralateral hemisphere). Specifically, we examined the prognostic value of widespread alterations of cortical thickness (CT) in GBM/HGG patients.

METHODS: We used FreeSurfer, applied with high-resolution T1-weighted MRI, to examine CT, evaluated prior to standard treatment with surgery and chemoradiation in patients (GBM/HGG,

RESULTS: Compared to HC …

Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging As An Adjunct To Conventional Mri Leads To Earlier Diagnosis Of High-Grade Glioma Tumor Progression Versus Treatment Effect, Rowland H Han, Tanner M Johanns, Kaleigh F Roberts, Yu Tao, Jingqin Luo, Zezhong Ye, Peng Sun, Jacob Blum, Tsen-Hsuan Lin, Sheng-Kwei Song, Albert H Kim

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Following chemoradiotherapy for high-grade glioma (HGG), it is often challenging to distinguish treatment changes from true tumor progression using conventional MRI. The diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) hindered fraction is associated with tissue edema or necrosis, which are common treatment-related changes. We hypothesized that DBSI hindered fraction may augment conventional imaging for earlier diagnosis of progression versus treatment effect.

METHODS: Adult patients were prospectively recruited if they had a known histologic diagnosis of HGG and completed standard-of-care chemoradiotherapy. DBSI and conventional MRI data were acquired longitudinally beginning 4 weeks post-radiation. Conventional MRI and DBSI metrics were compared with respect …

Biologic Targets Of Prescription Medications And Risk Of Neurodegenerative Disease In United States Medicare Beneficiaries, Yizhe Song, Brad A. Racette, Alejandra Camacho-Soto, Susan Searles Nielsen

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: To identify prescription medications associated with a lower risk of three neurodegenerative diseases: Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

METHODS: We conducted a population-based, case-control study of U.S. Medicare beneficiaries in 2009 (42,885 incident neurodegenerative disease cases, 334,387 randomly selected controls). Using medication data from 2006-2007, we categorized all filled medications according to their biological targets and mechanisms of action on those targets. We used multinomial logistic regression models, while accounting for demographics, indicators of smoking, and health care utilization, to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 141 target-action pairs and each neurodegenerative …

Open-Source Statistical And Data Processing Tools For Wide-Field Optical Imaging Data In Mice, Lindsey M. Brier, Joseph P. Culver

2020-Current year OA Pubs

SIGNIFICANCE: Wide-field optical imaging (WOI) can produce concurrent hemodynamic and cell-specific calcium recordings across the entire cerebral cortex in animal models. There have been multiple studies using WOI to image mouse models with various environmental or genetic manipulations to understand various diseases. Despite the utility of pursuing mouse WOI alongside human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and the multitude of analysis toolboxes in the fMRI literature, there is not an available open-source, user-friendly data processing and statistical analysis toolbox for WOI data.

AIM: To assemble a MATLAB toolbox for processing WOI data, as described and adapted to combine techniques from …

Barriers To And Solutions For Representative Inclusion Across The Lifespan And In Life Course Research: The Need For Structural Competency Highlighted By The Covid-19 Pandemic, Madison N Lecroy, Ebony B Carter, Sarah S Farabi, Dominic N Reeds, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Exclusion of special populations (older adults; pregnant women, children, and adolescents; individuals of lower socioeconomic status and/or who live in rural communities; people from racial and ethnic minority groups; individuals from sexual or gender minority groups; and individuals with disabilities) in research is a pervasive problem, despite efforts and policy changes by the National Institutes of Health and other organizations. These populations are adversely impacted by social determinants of health (SDOH) that reduce access and ability to participate in biomedical research. In March 2020, the Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute hosted the "Lifespan and Life Course Research: integrating …

Safety And Efficacy Of Mca‐M2 Thrombectomy In Delayed Time Window: A Propensity Score Analysis From The Star Registry, Kaustubh Limaye, Joshua Osbun, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Association Of Autologous Tumor Lysate-Loaded Dendritic Cell Vaccination With Extension Of Survival Among Patients With Newly Diagnosed And Recurrent Glioblastoma: A Phase 3 Prospective Externally Controlled Cohort Trial, Linda M Liau, Jian L Campian, George Ansstas, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Glioblastoma is the most lethal primary brain cancer. Clinical outcomes for glioblastoma remain poor, and new treatments are needed.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether adding autologous tumor lysate-loaded dendritic cell vaccine (DCVax-L) to standard of care (SOC) extends survival among patients with glioblastoma.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This phase 3, prospective, externally controlled nonrandomized trial compared overall survival (OS) in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (nGBM) and recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) treated with DCVax-L plus SOC vs contemporaneous matched external control patients treated with SOC. This international, multicenter trial was conducted at 94 sites in 4 countries from August 2007 to …

Eliminating Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infections In Pediatric Oncology Patients: A Quality Improvement Effort, Daniel N. Willis, Karen Looper, Rema A. Malone, Barbara Ricken, Ashley Slater, Amanda Fuller, Meagan Mccaughey, Angela Niesen, Joan R. Smith, Beverly Brozanski

2020-Current year OA Pubs

UNLABELLED: Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI) are the largest contributor to harm across the Children's Hospital's Solutions for Patient Safety network. Pediatric hematology/oncology (PHO) patients are at increased risk for CLABSI due to multiple factors. Consequently, traditional CLABSI prevention strategies are insufficient to eliminate CLABSI in this high-risk population.

METHODS: Our SMART aim was to reduce the CLABSI rate by 50% from a baseline of 1.89/1000 central line days to less than 0.9/1000 central line days by December 31, 2021. We created a multidisciplinary team being mindful to identify roles and responsibilities upfront. We developed a key driver diagram and …

The Pace Of Biological Aging Helps Explain The Association Between Insomnia And Chronic Low Back Pain, Edwin N Aroke, Asia M Wiggins, Joanna M Hobson, Vinodh Srinivasasainagendra, Tammie L Quinn, Pooja Kottae, Hemant K Tiwari, Robert E Sorge, Burel R Goodin

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is associated with insomnia and advanced age. Emerging evidence suggests that the severity of both sleep disorders (like insomnia) and chronic pain are associated with a faster pace of biological aging. We aimed to determine whether the pace of biological age mediates the relationship between insomnia and the impact of cLBP in a sample of community-dwelling adults ages 19 to 85 years. Participants (49 with no pain, 32 with low-impact pain, and 37 with high-impact pain) completed sociodemographic, pain, insomnia, and short physical performance battery assessments. We calculated the pace of biological aging using DunedinPACE …

The Relationship Of Trait-Like Compassion With Epigenetic Aging: The Population-Based Prospective Young Finns Study, Henrik Dobewall, Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen, Saara Marttila, Pashupati P Mishra, Aino Saarinen, C Robert Cloninger, Igor Zwir, Mika Kähönen, Mikko Hurme, Olli Raitakari, Terho Lehtimäki, Mirka Hintsanen

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Helping others within and beyond the family has been related to living a healthy and long life. Compassion is a prosocial personality trait characterized by concern for another person who is suffering and the motivation to help. The current study examines whether epigenetic aging is a potential biological mechanism that explains the link between prosociality and longevity.

METHODS: We used data from the Young Finns Study that follows six birth-cohorts from age 3-18 to 19-49. Trait-like compassion for others was measured with the Temperament and Character Inventory in the years 1997 and 2001. Epigenetic age acceleration and telomere length …

Phagocytosis Is A Primary Determinant Of Pulmonary Clearance Of Clinical Klebsiella Pneumoniae Isolates, Rick Van Der Geest, Hongye Fan, Hernán F Peñaloza, William G Bain, Zeyu Xiong, Naina Kohli, Emily Larson, Mara L G Sullivan, Jonathan M Franks, Donna B Stolz, Ryota Ito, Kong Chen, Yohei Doi, Melanie J Harriff, Janet S Lee

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION:

METHODS: We screened 19 clinical respiratory

RESULTS: The respiratory

CONCLUSION: Altogether, these findings show that phagocytosis is a primary determinant of pulmonary clearance of clinical

Qunex-An Integrative Platform For Reproducible Neuroimaging Analytics, Jie Lisa Ji, Matthew F Glasser, Michael P Harms, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Neuroimaging technology has experienced explosive growth and transformed the study of neural mechanisms across health and disease. However, given the diversity of sophisticated tools for handling neuroimaging data, the field faces challenges in method integration, particularly across multiple modalities and species. Specifically, researchers often have to rely on siloed approaches which limit reproducibility, with idiosyncratic data organization and limited software interoperability.

METHODS: To address these challenges, we have developed Quantitative Neuroimaging Environment & Toolbox (QuNex), a platform for consistent end-to-end processing and analytics. QuNex provides several novel functionalities for neuroimaging analyses, including a "turnkey" command for the reproducible deployment …

The Cerebrospinal Fluid Immune Cell Landscape In Animal Models Of Multiple Sclerosis, Gregory F Wu

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The fluid compartment surrounding the central nervous system (CNS) is a unique source of immune cells capable of reflecting the pathophysiology of neurologic diseases. While human clinical and experimental studies often employ cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, assessment of CSF in animal models of disease are wholly uncommon, particularly in examining the cellular component. Barriers to routine assessment of CSF in animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS) include limited sample volume, blood contamination, and lack of feasible longitudinal approaches. The few studies characterizing CSF immune cells in animal models of MS are largely outdated, but recent work employing transcriptomics have been …

Targeted Aso-Mediated Atp1a2 Knockdown In Astrocytes Reduces Sod1 Aggregation And Accelerates Disease Onset In Mutant Sod1 Mice, Abhirami K. Iyer, Kathleen M. Schoch, Anthony Verbeck, Grant Galasso, Hao Chen, Sarah Smith, Anna Oldenborg, Timothy M. Miller, Celeste M. Karch, Azad Bonni

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Astrocyte-specific ion pump α2-Na+/K+-ATPase plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we test the effect of Atp1a2 mRNA-specific antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to induce α2-Na+/K+-ATPase knockdown in the widely used ALS animal model, SOD1*G93A mice. Two ASOs led to efficient Atp1a2 knockdown and significantly reduced SOD1 aggregation in vivo. Although Atp1a2 ASO-treated mice displayed no off-target or systemic toxicity, the ASO-treated mice exhibited an accelerated disease onset and shorter lifespan than control mice. Transcriptomics studies reveal downregulation of genes involved in oxidative response, metabolic pathways, trans-synaptic signaling, and upregulation of genes involved in glutamate receptor …

Mora And Ensembletfpredictor: An Ensemble Approach To Reveal Functional Transcription Factor Regulatory Networks, Kevin Boyer, Louis Li, Tiandao Li, Bo Zhang, Guoyan Zhao

2020-Current year OA Pubs

MOTIVATION: Our study aimed to identify biologically relevant transcription factors (TFs) that control the expression of a set of co-expressed or co-regulated genes.

RESULTS: We developed a fully automated pipeline, Motif Over Representation Analysis (MORA), to detect enrichment of known TF binding motifs in any query sequences. MORA performed better than or comparable to five other TF-prediction tools as evaluated using hundreds of differentially expressed gene sets and ChIP-seq datasets derived from known TFs. Additionally, we developed EnsembleTFpredictor to harness the power of multiple TF-prediction tools to provide a list of functional TFs ranked by prediction confidence. When applied to …

A Novel Approach For Assessing Bias During Team-Based Clinical Decision-Making, Natalie Pool, Megan Hebdon, Esther De Groot, Ryan Yee, Kathryn Herrera-Theut, Erika Yee, Larry A Allen, Ayesha Hasan, Joann Lindenfeld, Elizabeth Calhoun, Molly Carnes, Nancy K Sweitzer, Khadijah Breathett

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Many clinical processes include multidisciplinary group decision-making, yet few methods exist to evaluate the presence of implicit bias during this collective process. Implicit bias negatively impacts the equitable delivery of evidence-based interventions and ultimately patient outcomes. Since implicit bias can be difficult to assess, novel approaches are required to detect and analyze this elusive phenomenon. In this paper, we describe how the de Groot Critically Reflective Diagnoses Protocol (DCRDP) can be used as a data analysis tool to evaluate group dynamics as an essential foundation for exploring how interactions can bias collective clinical decision-making. The DCRDP includes 6 distinct criteria: …