Digital Commons Network^™

Insights Into Nervous System Repair From The Fruit Fly, David Coupe, Torsten Bossing

Peninsula Medical School

Abstract Millions of people experience injury to the central nervous system (CNS) each year, many of whom are left permanently disabled, providing a challenging hurdle for the field of regenerative medicine. Repair of damage in the CNS occurs through a concerted effort of phagocytosis of debris, cell proliferation and differentiation to produce new neurons and glia, distal axon/dendrite degeneration, proximal axon/dendrite regeneration and axon re-enwrapment. In humans, regeneration is observed within the peripheral nervous system, while in the CNS injured axons exhibit limited ability to regenerate. This has also been described for the fruit fly Drosophila. Powerful genetic tools available …

Deterministic And Stochastic Theory For A Resonant Triad, David Andrade, Raphael Stuhlmeier

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

We study a simple model of three resonantly-interacting nonlinear waves. Linear stability analysis allows for an easy identification of stable and unstable initial conditions. Subsequently, a reformulation of the problem allows us to establish the onset of phase coherence, demonstrating its critical role in the growth of instabilities. Furthermore, we are able to provide explicit expressions for the time-varying moments of the modal amplitudes, as well as for the bispectrum which measures phase coherence. We provide direct insight into the long-time statistics of the system without Monte-Carlo simulation. This includes long-time asymptotics, which show that the system desynchronises, leading to …

An Exploration Of The Contribution Of Embodied, Situated Research Strategies To Cultural Ecosystem Services And Landscape Assessment Frameworks: An Environmental Empathy Case Study, K Łucznik, Jv Serrano, J Martin

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Since the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment in 2005, interest has increased in cultural ecosystem services (CESs) research to understand the complexity of the non-material benefits that people obtain from ecosystems. The intangible and interactive characteris-tics of CESs present many challenges regarding how to approach, quantify and even de-fine CESs. In this paper, we suggest looking at CESs through the lens of embodied and situated cognition theories. We advocate that such an approach should be applied to the development stage of CES research projects, as the embodied and situated experience of the site aids the development of research questions and future interventions. …

Correction To: Epilepsy Related Multimorbidity, Polypharmacy And Risks In Adults With Intellectual Disabilities: A National Study, James J. Sun, Bhathika Perera, William Henley, Heather Angus-Leppan, Indermeet Sawhney, Lance Watkins, Kiran N. Purandare, Mogbeyiteren Eyeoyibo, Mark Scheepers, Geraldine Lines, Robert Winterhalder, Samantha Ashby, Silva R De, Jonjo Miller, David E. Philpott, Chris Ashwin, Joshua Howkins, Harriet Slater, David Medhurst, Rohit Shankar

Peninsula Medical School

Correction to: Journal of Neurology https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-021-10938-3The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. Author name Ravindu De Silva was incorrectly written as Ravi De Silva.

Posc289 Cost-Effectiveness Of Vagus Nerve Stimulation With Anti-Seizure Medication Versus Anti-Seizure Medication Alone In The Management Of Drug Resistant Epilepsy In England, C Raspin, Rohit Shankar, Francesca Barion, V Pollit, Joanna Murphy, L Sawyer, Vanessa Danielson

Peninsula Medical School

ObjectivesTo estimate the cost-effectiveness of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) as an adjunctive therapy to anti-seizure medication (ASMs) when compared with a strategy of ASMs alone for the management of drug resistant epilepsy (DRE).MethodsA five health state cohort transition model was developed, with a 10-year time horizon, a 3-month cycle length and an English National Health Service perspective. Health states were defined by a percentage reduction in seizure frequency and aligned with randomised trial data informing the first cycle transition probabilities. Thereafter, non-VNS patients remained in state, while a systematic literature review informed further VNS patient transitions up to year 2, …

A Review Of Thermal Impact Of Surface Acoustic Waves On Microlitre Droplets In Medical Applications, Mubbashar Mehmood, Umar F. Khan, Ali O.M. Maka, Javed Akhter, Tariq Nawaz Chaudhary, Faisal Masood, Sameer Ahmad Hasan, Yeaw Chu Lee

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

The surface acoustic waves (SAW) propagate inside the microdroplets resulting in kinetic and thermal impacts. The kinetic drives fluid particles inside the droplet while thermal impact increases the liquid’s temperature. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research investigations related to internal kinetics and heating inside the microdroplet caused by the acoustic waves. The main factors that affect the kinetics and convection heat transfer are the piezoelectric materials, shape of the interdigital transducer (IDT) and mode of acoustic waves. Internal streaming (kinetic) leads to particle mixing, particle manipulation, cell sorting, cell patterning, cell separation, measuring the concentration of immunoglobulin …

“What Works” Registries Of Interventions To Improve Child And Youth Psychosocial Outcomes: A Critical Appraisal, Nick Axford, Louise Morpeth, Gretchen Bjornstad, Tim Hobbs, Vashti Berry

Peninsula Medical School

The last decade or more has seen a proliferation of online registries of evidence-based interventions designed to improve child and youth psychosocial outcomes. The purpose of these resources is typically to help decision-makers make sense of the evidence and thereby inform their decision-making about investment in interventions. Most registries are underpinned by standards of evidence, which are used to guide the rating of programs by a panel of experts. While supporters extol the influence of these initiatives in terms of making commissioners more discriminating about what they invest in, detractors contend that they stifle innovation and embody an unduly narrow …

Xandar: A Holistic Cybersecurity Engineering Process For Safety-Critical And Cyber-Physical Systems, Fahad Siddiqui, Rafiullah Khan, Sakir Sezer, Kieran Mclaughlin, Leonard Masing, Tobias Dorr, Florian Schade, Jurgen Becker, Alexander Ahlbrecht, Wanja Zaeske, Umut Durak, Nico Adler, Andreas Sailer, Raphael Weber, Thomas Wilhelm, Geza Nemeth, Victor Morales, Paco Gomez, Georgios Keramidas, Cp Antonopoulos, Michail Mavropoulos, Vasilios Kelefouras, K Antonopoulos, Nikolaos Voros, Christos Panagiotou, Dimitris Karadimas

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

The integration of connected and autonomous technologies in safety-critical and cyber-physical systems offers great potential in the vital application domains of transportation, manufacturing and aerospace. These technological advancements are necessary to meet the increasing demand for intelligent services, as they open doors to new business models by analysing and sharing the generated data. However, where this sharing of mix-critical data and broader connectivity brings opportunities, it simultaneously presents serious cybersecurity and safety risks due to the cyber-physical nature of these systems. Hence, delivering these intelligent services securely, safely, and reliably to its consumers is a complex engineering and design problem. …

The 100 M Composite Ship?, Michael John Lowde, Henry George Arthur Peters, Ruadan Geraghty, Jasper Graham-Jones, Richard Pemberton, John Summerscales

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) matrix composites are widely used in large marine struc-tures, and in wind turbines where blade lengths are now over 100 m. Composites are the material of choice for small vessels due to ease of manufacture, high hull girder stiffness, buckling resistance, corrosion resistance and underwater shock resistance. Ships over 100 m are still built using traditional steel and/or aluminium, but so far not FRP. Composite ship lengths have increased over the past 50 years, but fundamental technical challenges remain for the 100 m composite ship. Prelimi-nary studies suggest a possible 30% saving in structural weight, a 7–21% …

Investigating Design, Mark Mckenna, Jessica Silbey

Faculty Scholarship

Design is ascendant. Steve Jobs’s legendary obsession with design was widely regarded as Apple’s comparative advantage, and that lesson has not been lost on its competitors. Design thinking is a growth industry, in business and at universities, and design professionals continue to take on increasingly significant roles within firms. The increasing economic significance of design has been reflected in an explosion of design patent applications and increasing amount of design litigation.
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/="/">Despite design’s growing economic and legal importance, relatively little is known by legal scholars and policymakers about designers or the design process. This paper addresses that gap …

Market Myopia's Climate Bubble, Madison Condon

Faculty Scholarship

A growing number of financial institutions, ranging from BlackRock to the Bank of England, have warned that markets may not be accurately incorporating climate change-related risks into asset prices. This Article seeks to explain how this mispricing can exist at the level of individual assets drawing from scholarship on corporate governance and the mechanisms of market (in)efficiency. Market actors: 1. Lack the fine-grained asset-level data they need in order to assess risk exposure; 2. Continue to rely on outdated means of assessing risk; 3. Have misaligned incentives resulting in climate-specific agency costs; 4. Have myopic biases exacerbated by climate change …

Obergefell, Masterpiece Cakeshop, Fulton, And Public-Private Partnerships: Unleashing V. Harnessing "Armies Of Compassion" 2.0?, Linda C. Mcclain

Faculty Scholarship

Fulton v. City of Philadelphia presented a by-now familiar constitutional claim: recognizing civil marriage equality—the right of persons to marry regardless of gender—inevitably and sharply conflicts with the religious liberty of persons and religious institutions who sincerely believe that marriage is the union of one man and one woman. While the Supreme Court’s 9-0 unanimous judgment in favor of Catholic Social Services (CSS) surprised Court-watchers, Chief Justice Roberts’s opinion did not signal consensus on the Court over how best to resolve the evident conflicts raised by the contract between CSS and the City of Philadelphia. This article argues that it …

The Role Of Data For Ai Startup Growth, James Bessen, Stephen Michael Impink, Lydia Reichensperger, Robert Seamans

Faculty Scholarship

Artificial intelligence (“AI”)-enabled products are expected to drive economic growth. Training data are important for firms developing AI-enabled products; without training data, firms cannot develop or refine their algorithms. This is particularly the case for AI startups developing new algorithms and products. However, there is no consensus in the literature on which aspects of training data are most important. Using unique survey data of AI startups, we find that startups with access to proprietary training data are more likely to acquire venture capital funding.

Restructuring Support Agreements: An Empirical Analysis, Anthony J. Casey, Frederick Tung, Katherine Waldock

Faculty Scholarship

Restructuring support agreements (RSAs), or contracts that commit bankruptcy parties to supporting a plan of reorganization that will conform to certain requirements, are now a common feature of Chapter 11. Parties utilize these agreements in nearly half of all large cases. While prior literature has debated the normative value of RSAs, we take an empirical approach to look at what provisions the parties include in these agreements and how those provisions have changed over time.

Our analysis looks at all RSAs associated with large bankruptcies through the end of 2020. We characterize the types of firms with RSAs, the parties …

Ford's Underlying Controversy, Christine P. Bartholomew, Anya Bernstein

Faculty Scholarship

Personal jurisdiction—the doctrine that determines where a plaintiff can sue—is a mess. Everyone agrees that a court can exercise personal jurisdiction over a defendant with sufficient in-state contacts related to a plaintiff’s claim. This Article reveals, however, that courts diverge radically in their understanding of what a claim is. Without stating so outright, some courts limit the claim to a cause of action or its elements, while others understand it to encompass the controversy underlying the litigation. What is worse, few have noticed that these discrepancies even exist, much less explained why. This Article does just that. We show that …

Privacy Pretexts, Rory Van Loo

Faculty Scholarship

Data privacy’s ethos lies in protecting the individual from institutions. Increasingly, however, institutions are deploying privacy arguments in ways that harm individuals. Platforms like Amazon, Facebook, and Google wall off information from competitors in the name of privacy. Financial institutions under investigation justify withholding files from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau by saying they must protect sensitive customer data. In these and other ways, the private sector is exploiting privacy to avoid competition and accountability. This Article highlights the breadth of privacy pretexts and uncovers their moral structure. Like most pretexts, there is an element of truth to the claims. …

The Surprising Virtues Of Data Loyalty, Woodrow Hartzog, Neil M. Richards

Faculty Scholarship

Lawmakers in the United States and Europe are seriously considering imposing duties of data loyalty that implement ideas from privacy law scholarship, but critics claim such duties are unnecessary, unworkable, overly individualistic, and indeterminately vague. This paper takes those criticisms seriously, and its analysis of them reveals that duties of data loyalty have surprising virtues. Loyalty, it turns out, can support collective well-being by embracing privacy’s relational turn; it can be a powerful state of mind for reenergizing privacy reform; it prioritizes human values rather than potentially empty formalism; and it offers solutions that are flexible and clear rather than …

Legislating Data Loyalty, Woodrow Hartzog, Neil Richards

Faculty Scholarship

Lawmakers looking to embolden privacy law have begun to consider imposing duties of loyalty on organizations trusted with people’s data and online experiences. The idea behind loyalty is simple: organizations should not process data or design technologies that conflict with the best interests of trusting parties. But the logistics and implementation of data loyalty need to be developed if the concept is going to be capable of moving privacy law beyond its “notice and consent” roots to confront people’s vulnerabilities in their relationship with powerful data collectors.

In this short Essay, we propose a model for legislating data loyalty. Our …

Empathic Solidarity On The Frontline, Julie A. Dahlstrom

Faculty Scholarship

Jacqueline Bhabha's important article, The Imperative of Sustaining (Rather Than Destroying) Frontline Empathic Solidarity for Distress Migrants, highlights the pivotal role that "frontline communities" now play in international migration. Bhabha explores how frontline communities frequently lack the infrastructure, political will, and resources to respond adequately to "distress migrants." Yet, she unearths the potential of "empathic solidarity" to counteract bias and, more optimistically, provide a "welcoming and humanizing experience" to migrants. Indeed, in this hopeful, ambitious article, Bhabha posits that empathic solidarity can play a significant generative role for migrants' rights.

The 1876 Election: A Fictionalized Account, Jack M. Beermann

Faculty Scholarship

After the 1985 death of Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith extinguished the Lincoln line a lengthy manuscript, containing this episode, was found among his papers. The manuscript was inscribed with these words: “This is a history of what might have been. Real places and names have been used but many of the details, including widely-known events and personalities, have been fictionalized. My hope is that someday, many years from now, historians might discover this manuscript and become confused.” The identity of the author is not revealed.

This is a fictionalized version of the Electoral Commission’s proceedings and the proceedings in Congress …

Interpretation, Remedy, And The Rule Of Law: Why Courts Should Have The Courage Of Their Convictions, Ronald A. Cass, Jack M. Beermann

Faculty Scholarship

The Supreme Court’s decision in United States v. Arthrex opens a window on a set of issues debated in different contexts for decades. These issues—how to interpret statutes and constitutional provisions, what sources to look to, whether so far as possible to adopt interpretations that avoid declaring actions of coordinate branches unconstitutional, and where such actions are deemed to have been unconstitutional whether to provide remedies that cabin the most significant implications of such a declaration—go to the heart of the judicial role and the division of responsibilities among the branches of government.

Our principal focus, however, is on the …

When Desperate Patients Go To Court For Unproven Treatments - The Battle For Hospital Independence, Christopher Robertson, Margaret Houtz

Faculty Scholarship

As the Covid-19 pandemic wears on, patients have asked courts to compel hospitals to administer unproven therapies, with mixed legal results. Although talk radio hosts, politicians, and social media users have promoted various treatment approaches, they have given particular attention to ivermectin. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved ivermectin for use in humans for treating onchocerciasis (river blindness), intestinal strongyloidiasis, certain other parasitic worms, head lice, and skin conditions such as rosacea. Although this approval facilitates legal offlabel use for prophylaxis against or treatment of other conditions, both the FDA and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention …

Smart Soft Open Point To Synergically Improve The Energy Efficiencies Of The Interconnected Electrical Railways With The Low Voltage Grids, Tamer Kamel, Zhongbei Tian, Mansoureh Zangiabadi, Neal Wade, Volker Pickert, Pietro Tricoli

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

This paper presents a novel smart soft open point (sSOP) that interconnects railway electrification system to the local low voltage (LV) distribution grid to provide additional flexibility and controllability for both networks. The proposed sSOP builds on the concept of soft open points, adding an energy storage system and embedding a rail and grid (R + G) energy management system to enable the energy transfer between the two networks at different average power levels. The smartness of the proposed soft open point is realised in the integration of an energy storage system to act as an energy buffer between these …

Approximate Bayesian Conditional Copulas, Clara Grazian, L Dalla Valle, Brunero Liseo

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

No abstract provided.