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Seasonality In Phytoplankton Species Composition And Their Influence On Small Pelagic Fish Along The Western Pemba Channel, Margareth S Kyewalyanga

Tanzania Journal of Science

The influence of phytoplankton biomass on small pelagic fish groups was studied at three sites along the Western Pemba Channel, to assess the contribution of seasonality. Sampling took place at the three sites in the coastal waters of Tanga, Tanzania. The study used in-situ data from July 2016 to January 2017, remotely-sensed chlorophyll-a data from August 2016 to August 2017 and 2019–2020, and small pelagic fish catch data from the same periods as the remotely-sensed data. The dominant groups at all the three sites were diatoms, dinoflagellates, and cyanobacteria, with diatoms having the highest number of species compared to the …

Characterization Of Clay And Granite Dust Blends As Novel Materials For Energy Storage And Diffuser In Constructing Flat-Plate Solar Collector, Tajudeen Kolawole Ajiboye, Mustapha Olawale Fabiyi, Ndagi Mustapha, Sulaiman Abdulkareem

Tanzania Journal of Science

Sun is the main source of solar energy, and the energy it releases to the Earth’s surface in one hour is more than what the whole planet consumes in a year. This present work is about characterizing novel material that can be used as energy storage and diffuser in constructing flat plate solar collector. Materials used are clay and granite dust obtained from Okelele and Kulende Quarry sites, both in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. The materials were sun-dried; the clay crushed before the two materials were sieved into different particle sizes. They were thereafter blended into different ratios and then …

Potential Economic And Environmental Benefits Of Faecal Sludge Derived Compost And Char Briquettes: The Case Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Isabela T Mkude, Richard Kimwaga, Sara Gabrielsson

Tanzania Journal of Science

The concept of resource recovery, particularly from waste has recently gained much attention and popularity. The aim of this study was to quantify the potential economic and environmental benefits of recovering nutrients and energy from faecal sludge (FS). The empirical data were collected from three unplanned settlements of Dar es Salaam City at Keko, Kipawa and Manzese. Two scenarios were developed to recover nutrients and energy. The estimations of potential amounts of compost and char briquettes were performed by using the resource value mapping (REVAMP) tool. Results from REVAMP indicated daily economic benefits across the study areas ranging between 680 …

Effects Of Temperature And Salinity On Incubation Time, Hatching Success, And Larvae Survival Of The Giant Tiger Prawn Penaeus Monodon Under Experimental Conditions, Sawadi Ndunguru, Marcelian Njau, Blandina Robert Lugendo

Tanzania Journal of Science

Prawns are commercially one of the most important marine resources. However, in their early developmental stages, they face challenges related to physico-chemical and environmental changes. This study aimed at investigating the effects of temperature and salinity on egg incubation time, hatching success, larval and postlarval survival of the giant tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius 1798) obtained from the coastal waters of Tanzania. The adult females P. monodon collected off Rufiji delta were left to acclimatize and spawn at 28.5 ± 0.5 °C and 32 ppt in the hatchery. Spawned eggs were incubated at experimental temperatures of 27 °C, 31 °C …

Determination Of Factors That Contribute To The Prevalence Of Diarrhoea Among Children Under Five Years Of Age In Association With The Status Of Drinking Water Sources At Bububu, Zanzibar, Wahida M. Ali, Emmanuel S. Kigadye

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study aimed to determine the contributing factors for diarrhoea prevalence among children under-five years at Bububu, Zanzibar. The study applied a cross-sectional research design that used quantitative methods. Data were collected from 97 mothers/caregivers of the children. Structured questionnaires were used for assessing socio-economic factors contributing to diarrhoea. Laboratory experiments were carried out to assess the quality of drinking water sources. Most Probable Number (MPN) count per 100 ml was measured from drinking water sources. Multivariate logistic analysis was computed to assess independent factors of childhood diarrhoea. The prevalence of diarrhoea was significantly associated with; the caregiver’s level of …

Carbon Monoxide Oxidation On Model Planar Titania Supported Platinum Nanoparticles Catalyst, Jovine Emmanuel, Brian Hayden

Tanzania Journal of Science

A high-throughput (parallel) thermographic screening methodology was developed to enable the measurements of the particle size and support influence on heterogeneous catalysts. A high throughput screening chip has been used to establish the catalytic activity of titania supported platinum nanoparticles catalyst for CO oxidation reaction. The catalytic activity of Pt nanoparticles between 1.3 to 7.8 nm has been investigated for CO conversion at a pressure of 0.11 and 1.1 mbar with O2:CO ratio of 1:1 at 80 °C and 0.6, 1.1 and 2.4 mbar at O2:CO ratio of 1:1 at 240 °C. At these experimental conditions, there was an increase …

Impact Of Radio Operating Environments On Broadband Connectivity, Libe V Massawe, Peter J Chitamu

Tanzania Journal of Science

Broadband connectivity and services commonly referred to as the Internet is the key enabling facility for the modern digital economy and the driver for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR or Industry 4.0). In Tanzania, there are over 49% Internet subscriptions for mobile broadband services using 3G UMTS and 4G standards infrastructure, which are predominantly available in urban areas. The non-urban areas remain mostly 2G coverage areas and lack mobile broadband connectivity and services. Transforming existing 2G mobile networks to broadband infrastructure can be achieved by swapping 2G sites with 3G or 4G sites or incrementally replacing 2G sites with 3G …

Weathering The Storm: Community Socio-Economic And Physical Vulnerability Assessment Of Informal Settlements To Disasters In Arusha City, Tanzania, Herbert Hambati

Tanzania Journal of Science

Urban population growth has demonstrated a synergetic relationship with the growth of informal settlements and vulnerability to disasters in urban areas. This study employed Community Participatory Vulnerability Assessment (CPVA) to analyse vulnerability in informal settlements in Arusha City, Tanzania. The results show that a plethora of factors, including socio-economic and physical realities interact in complex non-linear ways to shape vulnerability to disasters in informal settlements in the city. The study shows that coping strategies of some individuals in informal settlements reinforce their risks to disasters. This is particularly demonstrated by the stones that are positioned on weak roof structures for …

Avian Use Of Habitat Patches Dominated By Exotic Leucaena Leucocephala Or Native Tree Species In Urban Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Chacha Werema, Charles Wilson

Tanzania Journal of Science

There has been an incursion of an exotic Leucaena leucocephala in disturbed areas and into habitat patches of native tree species in some areas in Tanzania. However, the impacts of this exotic tree on native biodiversity are not well understood. We assessed bird use of habitat patches dominated by L. leucocephala in comparison to patches of native tree species  at the University of Dar es Salaam main campus, Tanzania, by comparing bird species richness, abundance and diversity using mist netting. Based on the same mist netting efforts in each habitat patch type, patches of native trees had significantly higher overall …

Charcoal Whirlwinds And Post-Fire Observations In Serengeti National Park Savannahs, Colin J. Courtney Mustaphi, Heleen C. Vos, Rob Marchant, Colin Beale

Tanzania Journal of Science

Whirlwinds and visible dust devils occur over semi-arid ecosystems and entrain particles from the ground surface. Fires produce abundant charcoal across savannahs and the resulting blackened surfaces create a large albedo contrast. Whirlwinds have been observed associated with active fires; yet, there are few published observations on post-fire landscapes. Spatiotemporal patterns of whirlwinds have been documented for a limited number of regions and have not been made for the ecosystems of eastern Africa. From field-based sightings in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, we report on whirlwinds over burned savannah patches that entrained large quantities of charcoal to produce black coloured …

It Is Time To Break The Boundaries: Profiling Practices And Perceptions On Marketing In Special Libraries In Sri Lanka., K. A. Vishaka Narmada, Assistant Librarian, W.R.W.M.A.U. Weerakoon, Senior Assistant Librarian

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Around the world, libraries face the challenge of being underutilized, and special libraries in Sri Lanka in particular are no exception. Studies show that this can be overcome through marketing. Current study determines how marketing is applied in special libraries in the Colombo district, Sri Lanka and their future prospects in marketing. The study identifies the current marketing activities, marketing techniques and librarians’ perception towards marketing in selected special libraries (n=50) in the Colombo district.

Findings revealed that special libraries under study have a sufficient number of resources acquired and market opportunities available. However, it is assumed that unintentional marketing …

Revenue Laws As A Stimulant For Food Production And Growth: The East African Experience, Jack A. Hiller

Florida Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

Machine Learning Approach For Cardiovascular Risk And Coronary Artery Calcification Score, C. R. Aditya, Naveen C. Sattaru, Kumaraguruparan Gopal, R. Rahul, G. Chandra Shekara, Omaima Nasif, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi, S.S. Raghavan, S. Arockia Jayadhas

School of Medical and Biological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) could assist in the discovery of new risk elements for coronary artery disorder. CAC evaluation, on the other hand, is difficult due to the wide range of CAC in the populations. As a reason, evaluating and analysing data among research have become complicated. In the Research of Inherited Risk Factors for Coronary Atherosclerosis, we used CAC information to test the effects of different analytical methodologies on the correlation with recognized cardiovascular risk elements in asymptomatic patients. Cardiac computed tomography (CT) is also seeing an increase in examinations, and machine learning (ML) could assist with the growing …

From Career Choice To Career Change: Experiences Of Pgde Students In Tanzania, Jaquiline Amani

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This article presents findings from a qualitative inquiry that explored the underlying motives of career change among Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) students in Tanzania. Focused group discussions (FGDs) were used to collect data to address two study objectives: first, explore the reasons why PGDE students tend to change their career; and second, determine PGDE students’ intentions to join and stay in the new career. The findings indicate that career change is motived by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Specifically, career change motives are due to job dissatisfaction, employment opportunities, wrong first career choice, and the desire for career growth. …

Carving Spaces Of An Otherwise Within Urban Uncertainties On Sudanese People On The Move Creating Own Possibilities In Cairo, Iman Mohamed

Theses and Dissertations

With the increased urbanization of the world since the 1940s, people continue to be increasingly moving to cities. People are attracted to the city to access services and opportunities. However, the increased presence of persons on the move in the city comes with heightened bordering, augmented policing, and the involvement of more actors in the governance of people on the move. Against this, there are debates around understanding the urban space, its risks, and opportunities for all people dealing with it, including those on the move. This thesis thus looks at the urban space in Cairo that is uncertain, wherein …

Assessment Of Awareness Of Farmers On Agricultural Information Services In Mara Region, Tanzania, Evance Mulashani Bonephace, Xuewen Gui, Peter John Makawia

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study assessed awareness of farmers on agricultural information services in Mara region in Tanzania. Quantitative approach was adopted and data collection used single structured questionnaire. Awareness scales measured three factors; awareness knowledge; agricultural information needs and lastly use of ICTs in accessing agricultural information services. The results indicated that majority (93.2%; 280) of respondents had little knowledge of awareness, (91.3%; 272) of the response, needed improved seed varieties and the average, (60%; 180) of respondents have low use of ICT in accessing agricultural information services. It was concluded that agricultural stakeholder needs more improvement and strategies on agricultural information …

Jostling For Space In Africa’S Business Periphery: A Review Of The Growing Competition Between Indigenous And Chinese-Owned Enterprises, Steve Kayizzi-Mugerwa

Southern African Journal of Policy and Development

This paper reviews recent research and related studies on the ongoing competition between Chinese and local entrepreneurs in the lower rungs of Africa’s business sector. Several studies have noted that since entry, Chinese firms have been able to undercut African entrepreneurs, thanks to superior networks and better financing. However, other findings portray more positive impacts of Chinese presence, including higher employment and tax revenues, and better supply of goods and services. It is possible to surmise that this jostling for space in Africa’s business periphery will not last. Ultimately, it must yield to changes in the host countries’ political economy …

Prevalence & Factors Associated With Acute Kidney Injury In Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention At A Tertiary Healthcare Facility In Tanzania, Faisal Hooda

Master of Medicine in Internal Medicine

Background: Acute kidney injury is a potentially fatal but preventable outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention: the most plausible cause being radiocontrast-induced nephropathy; others include: pre-existing renal insufficiency from underlying illnesses and also acute renal insult caused by hypoperfusion from cardiac causes. The prevalence, associated risk factors and outcomes of AKI post-PCI are unclear and unexplored in our setting. Objectives: The study sought to determine the prevalence of acute kidney injury post-percutaneous coronary intervention at The Aga Khan Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Secondary objectives included: factors associated, with and outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) post percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). …

Epilepsy Research In Africa: A Scoping Review By The Ilae Pediatric Commission Research Advocacy Task Force, Pauline Samia, Jane Hassell, Jessica Hudson, Azim Ahmed, Jasmit Shah, Charles Hammond, Edward Kija, Stéphane Auvin, Jo Wilmshurst

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Objective: Despite the high prevalence of epilepsy in Africa, evaluation of epi- lepsy research trends on the continent is lacking. Without establishing effective research, improvement in care for people with epilepsy cannot be effectively strategized or targeted.

Methods: A scoping review of the peer-reviewed literature on epilepsy from Africa (1989–2019) was conducted. The aim was to understand from this what areas are well researched versus underresearched based on published epilepsy topics.

Results: A total of 1227 publications were identified and assessed. A significant increase in publications occurred over the 30 years assessed. African author lead- ership was …

Authorship Representation In Global Emergency Medicine: A Bibliometric Analysis From 2016 To 2020, Stephanie Chow Garbern, Gimbo Hyuha, Catalina González Marqués, Noor Baig, Jennifer L. Chan, Sanjukta Dutta, Masuma A. Gulamhussein, Gloria Paulina López Terán, Hussein Karim Manji, Benjamin Wachira

Emergency Medicine, East Africa

Introduction: High-income country (HIC) authors are disproportionately represented in authorship bylines compared with those affiliated with low and middle-income countries (LMICs) in global health research. An assessment of authorship representation in the global emergency medicine (GEM) literature is lacking but may inform equitable academic collaborations in this relatively new field.

Methods: We conducted a bibliometric analysis of original research articles reporting studies conducted in LMICs from the annual GEM Literature Review from 2016 to 2020. Data extracted included study topic, journal, study country(s) and region, country income classification, author order, country(s) of authors' affiliations and funding sources. We compared the …

Shortness Of Breath In A Young Lady, Rare Case Report Of Thoracic Endometriosis, Willbroad Kyejo, Ally Zain Ismail, Davis Rubagumya, Rahma Bakari, Munawar Kaguta, Nancy Matillya

Family Medicine, East Africa

Introduction and importance: Endometrial glandular tissue can implant in the thorax of women suffering from endometriosis. The clinical presentation is depends on site of implantation. Complications include pneumothorax, pneumohemothorax or hemothorax.

Case presentation: A 31 year old woman with history of infertility presented with shortness of breath and was found to have a significant right sided pneumohemothorax. Drainage was done followed by chemical pleurodesis using bleomycin with resolution of symptoms on her follow up.

Clinical discussion: Thoracic endometriosis tend to present with chronic or sub-acute symptoms which are nonspecific symptoms leading to late diagnosis. Video Assisted Thoracoscopic surgery offer both …

Fetal Movement Trials: Where Is The Evidence In Settings With A High Burden Of Stillbirths?, Natasha Housseine, Joyce Browne, Nanna Maaløe, Brenda Sequeira Dmello, Sam Ali, Muzdalfat Abeid, Tarek Meguid, Marcus J. Rijken, Hussein Kidanto

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of Training On Self-Reported Performance In Reproductive, Maternal, And Newborn Health Service Delivery Among Healthcare Workers In Tanzania: A Baseline- And Endline-Survey, Tumbwene Mwansisya, Columba Mbekenga, Kahabi Isangula, Loveluck Mwasha, Stewart Mbelwa, Mary Lyimo, Lucy Kisaka, Victor Mathias, Eunice Pallangyo, Grace Edwards, Michaela Mantel, Sisawo Konteh, Thomas Rutachunzibwa, Marleen Temmerman

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Background: Delivery of quality reproductive health services has been documented to depend on the availability of healthcare workers who are adequately supported with appropriate training. However, unmet training needs among healthcare workers in reproductive, maternal, and newborn health (RMNH) in low-income countries remain disproportionately high. This study investigated the effectiveness of training with onsite clinical mentorship towards self-reported performance in RMNH among healthcare workers in Mwanza Region, Tanzania.

Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental design with pre-and post-intervention evaluation strategy. The baseline was compared with two endline groups: those with intervention (training and onsite mentorship) and those without. The differences …

Interventions For Prevention Of Non-Communicable Diseases Among Adolescents Living With Hiv: A Systematic Review, Eunice Ndirangu, Constance Shumba, Peter Gatiti, Bernard Mutwiri, Amina Abubakar

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

While the uptake of antiretroviral drugs has rapidly expanded among adolescents and adults living with HIV, research evidence suggests that people living with HIV have a higher risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). With more than 35% of the global burden of NCDs stemming from adolescence, there is a need to comprehend the existing evidence on early prevention, detection, and disease management, especially among the at-risk population. In line with the WHO Global Action Plan, 2013–2020 and “Best Buys”, recommendations on practical interventions for NCDs prevention, this systematic review seeks to synthesise evidence on the current interventions for preventing NCDs among …

Addressing Gender Disparities Through Folklore: A Cultural Study Of Female Child Appellation Among The Bāsukuma Of Tanzania, John P. Madoshi

Journal of International Women's Studies

Among the Bāsukuma, folklore plays a significant role in describing different issues pertaining to their society and culture. Gender is one of the important issues emulated through female appellation. Some of the female names describe a gender tug of war which involves not only married couples but also families of the couples. In this conflict, names particularly of female children are used by each side as a means of channeling a particular message which signifies grievances of the sufferers. Nevertheless, the appellation is done in such a metaphoric way as to call for a meticulous literary examination analysis.

Determinants Of Software-As-A-Service Adoption By Small And Medium Enterprises In Tanzania, Riziki Majengo, Mercy Mbise

The African Journal of Information Systems

Organizations in developed economies use the software-as-a-service (SaaS) model to improve performance and efficiency. However, its adoption in developing economies such as Tanzania is very low due to limited research on its adoption. This study enhances the adoption of SaaS in Tanzanian small and medium enterprises (SMEs) by proposing a conceptual framework based on the diffusion of innovation theory and the technology-organization-environment framework and recommending strategies for improving adoption. The framework was tested using regression analysis on data collected from 139 SMEs. Findings show that eight factors, relative advantage, compatibility, awareness, cost, perceived security and privacy risk, reliability and availability, …

Enhancing Citizens’ Participation In Planning And Budgeting In Kibaha Town Council, Tanzania, Mrisho M. Malipula

BISNIS & BIROKRASI: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi dan Organisasi

Citizens’ participation is deemed key in the planning and budgeting of developmental activities, but grassroots participation in such endeavors has proven problematic. Against such a backdrop, this study examined citizens’ participation in planning and budgeting processes in local governments. It explores the nature and level of citizens’ participation in planning and budgeting, as well as challenges impeding their participation in the same KTC. The study employed a qualitative stakeholder analysis that involved a sum of 42 interviewees. 24 participated in 3 FGDs involving women, youth, and farmers, and 18 as Key Informants purposively picked among Councillors, WDC members, CSO leaders, …

Assessment Of Teachers' Perception Of The Provision, Use, And Maintenance Of Information And Communication Technology Facilities (Ict) In Ekiti State Primary School Libraries In Nigeria, Mensah Prince Osiesi, Chigozie Celestina Oke Dr, Adejimi Oluwatobi Busiyi Mr, Adenike Lucia Arulebe Mrs, Nnaemeka Chijioke Okorie Mr, Onyiye Maureen Okoh Mrs

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study assessed teachers' perception of the provision, use, and maintenance of ICT facilities in Ekiti State Primary school libraries in Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive survey research type. The population of the study comprised all public primary school teachers in Ekiti State. The multistage sampling procedure was used in selecting the sample for the study. An instrument termed "Teachers' Perception of the Provision, Utilisation, and Maintenance of ICT Facilities in Primary School Libraries Questionnaire" was used for data collection, and was validated with its reliability ascertained. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics (frequency counts and percentages). …

An Analysis Of The Tanzanian Public Response To Tanzanian Leadership During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Savannah Pipkin

Honors Theses

This thesis discusses the similarities and differences in Tanzanian COVID-19 policies implemented by the late President John Pombe Magufuli and his successor, President Samia Suluhu Hassan. It also analyzes the responses of Tanzanian citizens to these different policies as expressed in the media. The conclusions that were made in this thesis are based on qualitative analysis of articles published in Tanzanian-based newspapers during specific time periods surrounding significant policy changes during each presidency. The situation of COVID-19 policies in Tanzania is unique due to the differences in the COVID-19 policies implemented in comparison to those implemented by other countries and …

The Impact Of Electronic Information Resources On The Reading Habits Of Library Users At Osun State University, Nigeria, Jelili Adeyinka Liasu, Sirajudeen Femi Bakrin

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Electronic Information Resources otherwise known as Electronic Resources (ERs) is a global platform for information delivery, especially in the teaching and learning environment. This work investigates the impact ERs could have in revamping the dwindling reading culture among the students of Osun State University. The quantitative method was adopted through the use of a survey. A random sampling technique was used to select 388 respondents as the sample size from the total population of users. A predetermined structured questionnaire was deployed as the instrument of gathering data for the research study, administered to the selected respondents, returned and the data …