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2022

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Real-Time Data Analytics For Monitoring Electricity Consumption Using Iot Technology, Waheed Muhammad Sanya, Gaurav Bajpai, Omar Haji Kombo, Evariste Twahirwa Jun 2022

Real-Time Data Analytics For Monitoring Electricity Consumption Using Iot Technology, Waheed Muhammad Sanya, Gaurav Bajpai, Omar Haji Kombo, Evariste Twahirwa

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Rising electricity bills as a result of climate variability and new home electrical and electronic appliances are becoming a major source of concern for most end users. Consumers are typically unaware of their household electricity consumption patterns and the costs associated with them, making proper planning and budgeting difficult. Monitoring and controlling energy consumption on appliances can reduce energy costs for end-users. The Internet of Things (IoT) has the potential to provide remote monitoring and control of devices via automated monitoring and control. In this study, we propose an IoT-enabled system for monitoring and controlling energy consumption in homes to …

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Renewable Energy Microgrids To Improve Electrification Rate In Democratic Republic Of Congo: Case Of Hydro, Municipal Waste And Solar, Ngondo Otshwe Josue, Aviti Thadei Mushi Jun 2022

Renewable Energy Microgrids To Improve Electrification Rate In Democratic Republic Of Congo: Case Of Hydro, Municipal Waste And Solar, Ngondo Otshwe Josue, Aviti Thadei Mushi

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Worldwide, it is imperative for citizens to have access to electricity. This applies to Congolese--rural and urban dwellers, and if possible, it should be guaranteed by government’s laws and policies. Howev er, the rural and urban areas of Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) suffer majorly from lack of access to electricity. The major reasons are the high costs associated with connection to the national central grid and production insufficiency. Therefore, one feasible approach to electrify these areas is to use microgrids. This technolo gy is decent and viable option for energy revolution since it incorpo rates energy storage systems, distributed …

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Assessment Of Energy Efficiency In Beverage Industry, Mahamudu H. Mtebwa Jun 2022

Assessment Of Energy Efficiency In Beverage Industry, Mahamudu H. Mtebwa

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The brewery industry has a significant contribution to the national income. However, it is also associated with energy intensive processes and pollution. In this work, the energy efficiency assessment of the largest brewery in Tanzania i.e., Tanzania Breweries Limited has been conducted. Energy consumption analysis was conducted according to IEEE SA 739 1995. Important parameters used to assess brewery energy efficiency were boiler efficiency and losses, equipment energy productivity as well as load factor. It was found that the main energy consumers are packaging (54.63%), brewing (29.30%) and utilities (15.17%). More importantly, it was found that about 68% of the …

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Digital Skills And Self-Employment Among Graduates Of Technical Higher Education Institutions In Tanzania, Charles Raphael Jun 2022

Digital Skills And Self-Employment Among Graduates Of Technical Higher Education Institutions In Tanzania, Charles Raphael

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Digital skills are the driving forces for innovative, inclusive and sustainable growth through innovations and digitalization which in turn stimulate job creation, alleviate poverty, reducing inequality, facilitating the delivery of goods and services. However, large number of graduates is shown to be weak in digital skills in the industry hence affect their employability including self-employment. Recently, the Technical Higher Education Institutions (THEIs) took some initiatives to instill the digital skills to their respective students. This study therefore assessed the level of competence of digital skills among graduates following the initiatives taken by the THEIs and their influence on self-employment. It …

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In-Situ Observation Of Retained Austenite And Residual Stress Evolutions During Tempering Of Carbonitrided Din 1.6587 Alloy Steel, Richard J Katemi Jun 2022

In-Situ Observation Of Retained Austenite And Residual Stress Evolutions During Tempering Of Carbonitrided Din 1.6587 Alloy Steel, Richard J Katemi

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This paper investigates the evolution of retained austenite and residual stresses during and after tempering of carbonitrided 18CrNiMo7-6 low alloy steel carried out using in-situ X-ray diffraction technique. In this case, two carbonitriding treatments with different surface the retained austenite contents of 20 and 54 mass.-% are investigated. The tempering is carried out in a continuous heating mode to 650°C as well as in isothermal mode at holding temperature of 170, 240, and 300°C for 2 hours. During continuous heating at a heating rate of 10°C/min, the retained austenite started to decompose at 290°C. On isothermal holding at 170°C for …

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Implementation Of Digital Transformation In The Technical Higher Education Institutions In Tanzania, Charles Raphael Jun 2022

Implementation Of Digital Transformation In The Technical Higher Education Institutions In Tanzania, Charles Raphael

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Digital transformation has been prioritized recently in this era of fourth industrial revolution by various organizations for maintaining strong competitive advantage, especially in the fourth industrial revolution. The higher education institutions must likewise adopt and implement digital transformation to enrich their students with the knowledge, experience and the skills they need for a very different future. Technical higher education institutions are inevitable in the given transformation. However, very little is known regarding adoption of digital transformation in the given institutions. This study therefore examined the level of adoption of digital services in the technical higher education institutions in Tanzania. It …

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A Model For Sustainable Adoption Of Solar Photovoltaic Technology In Tanzania, Joseph Kihedu Jun 2022

A Model For Sustainable Adoption Of Solar Photovoltaic Technology In Tanzania, Joseph Kihedu

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The aim of the study was to develop a sustainable model for enhancement of the solar PV technology adoption in Tanzania. The model was developed based on the identified barriers that hinder the adoption of solar PV technology and adopted the best strategies from successful projects. Further, the drivers and activities were developed based on selected best strategies from successful projects. The identified barriers to the adoption of solar PV technology, which are grouped into five associated categories and their significances, are lack of access to finance (32%), non-enforcement of policy and regulation (31%), technical (18%), lack of awareness (9%) …

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Impacts Of Land Cover Change Caused By Urbanization On The Flood Regime Of Msimbazi Catchment In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Chrisogonous Kibugu, Subira Munishi Jun 2022

Impacts Of Land Cover Change Caused By Urbanization On The Flood Regime Of Msimbazi Catchment In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Chrisogonous Kibugu, Subira Munishi

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The hydrological processes of a catchment are the function of climate, land use and land cover. Changes in either climate or land use or land cover can result in alteration of the catchment’s hydrological processes. In the recent past, Msimbazi catchment in Dar es Salaam has undergone drastic land cover changes mainly due to urbanisation. These land cover changes caused changes in the behaviour of river flow resulting in frequent floods. Therefore, this study analyses the impacts of the changes in land cover due to urbanisation specifically with the changes in river flow, surface run-off and base-flows. Previously generated land …

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Effect Of Temperature, Catalyst Concentration And Time, On Polylactic Acid Production From Sisal Boles Juice By Ring Open Polymerization, Neema O. Msuya Jun 2022

Effect Of Temperature, Catalyst Concentration And Time, On Polylactic Acid Production From Sisal Boles Juice By Ring Open Polymerization, Neema O. Msuya

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable and renewable alternative to non-biodegradable petrochemical-based polymers that is environmentally friendly and green. PLA can be made from a variety of agricultural wastes that contain sugars, such as sisal boles. This study aimed at analysing the possibility of producing PLA from lactic acid (LA) produced from sisal bole. A 2n factorial design was used to analyse the effects of temperature (160-180ºC), time (1-2 hrs) and tin octoate catalyst concentration (0.025-0.05%) on the PLA yield during polymerization. Minitab Version 20.2.0 was used to design the experiment and analyse the effects on the responses through ANOVA. …

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An Experimental Approach Towards Pv-Based Solar System Sizing For An Engineering Laboratory, Muyideen O. Lawal Jun 2022

An Experimental Approach Towards Pv-Based Solar System Sizing For An Engineering Laboratory, Muyideen O. Lawal

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This study aims at providing an experimental sizing procedure for a rooftop PV-based solar power system for an engineering laboratory. This was achieved by monitoring the peak power and energy delivered by an installed 20W solar panel into an 18 Ah battery. Knowledge of the average daily peak power and energy was used to determine the percentage rated capacity available for use and the sun hour. A load consumption comparison was also carried out with and without the connection of a load to inverter. In addition to this, the monitoring of the no-load consumption of the inverter was carried out. …

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Estimation Of Storage Tank Capacities For Different Roofing Areas For Rainwater Harvesting In Dodoma Urban, Tanzania, Ombeni J. Mdee Jun 2022

Estimation Of Storage Tank Capacities For Different Roofing Areas For Rainwater Harvesting In Dodoma Urban, Tanzania, Ombeni J. Mdee

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This study uses a mass balance model and economic analysis technique to present an estimation of roofing areas and storage tank capacity for Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) system. The water-saved benefits were estimated using the monthly rainfall of over 39 years from 1981 to 2020 and five roofing areas. The proposed roof-storage-ratio method presents the minimum requirement of roof area and storage tank size when the ratio value is closer to 1. The benefit-cost ratio and percentage of reliability indicated the optimal roofing areas ranging between 200 and 300 m2 for storage tank capacity between 20 and 25 m3, with a …

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Efficient And Simple Heuristic Algorithm For Portfolio Optimization Collether John, Collether John Jun 2022

Efficient And Simple Heuristic Algorithm For Portfolio Optimization Collether John, Collether John

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Markowitz model considers what is termed as standard portfolio optimization. The portfolio optimization problem is a problem which based on asset allocation and diversification for maximum return with minimum risk. Thus, the standard portfolio optimization problem happens when the constraints considered are budget and no-short selling. In reality however, portfolio optimization has realistic constraints to be incorporated such as holding sizes, cardinality and transaction cost. When realistic constraints are added into portfolio optimization problem, it becomes too complex to be solved by standard optimization methods which in this case turns to be an extended portfolio optimization problem. Markowitz solution and …

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Production Of Paper Pulp Using Sisal Fiber Waste From Sisal Spinning Processes, Ekael Mbise Jun 2022

Production Of Paper Pulp Using Sisal Fiber Waste From Sisal Spinning Processes, Ekael Mbise

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Disposal of large volumes of textile waste is an escalating problem for textile industries. Sisal spinning industry is the one of the textile industries releasing large volumes of textile waste in the landfills. The rising costs, and reduction of available space together with increasing stringent environmental measures are making burying and land filling of textile waste, a declining option. This study therefore explores recycling options where the potential of using sisal fiber waste produced during sisal spinning processes as raw materials for the production of paper pulp was investigated. Sampling was done at 21stCentury Holdings Limited allocated at Chang’ombe industrial …

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Viability Analysis Of Ubungo Ii Gas Power Plant Efficiency Improvement Using Co-Generation System, Aviti Thadei Mushi Jun 2022

Viability Analysis Of Ubungo Ii Gas Power Plant Efficiency Improvement Using Co-Generation System, Aviti Thadei Mushi

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The power utility, Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited (TANESCO) is faced with challenges of supplying adequate power to the ever-increasing demand. To this end, this paper explores the installed Ubungo Gas Power Plant (UGP II) located in Dar es Salaam to find means of utilizing it in co-generation method. The study embarked on detailed modelling of the system and run simulations which indicated that the co-generation can result to power generation efficiency increase between 10.42 to 50.92%. It is recommended to change the UGP II to exploit this co-generation method. Further, the study could be improved by including more parameters …

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Analyzing The Influence Of Smart-Device Visual Features, Viewing Distance And Content Factors On Video Streaming Qoe, Alex Frank Mongi Jun 2022

Analyzing The Influence Of Smart-Device Visual Features, Viewing Distance And Content Factors On Video Streaming Qoe, Alex Frank Mongi

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Quality of experience (QoE) over wireless networks has attracted attention from industry and academia due to an increase in video streaming applications. Several researchers have attempted to understand the factors affecting QoE and design appropriate quality control strategies. Normally, video streaming is initiated by a user who accesses video content over a network using a smart device that may be held at various viewing distances. Each aforementioned factor has the potential to affect QoE. However, several studies explore the behavior of wireless networks on video streaming QoE. To understand the effects of other factors on QoE, this paper investigates the …

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Cyber Security Challenges, Its Emerging Trends On Latest Information And Communication Technology And Cyber Crime In Mobile Money Transaction Services, Hakeem J. Pallangyo Jun 2022

Cyber Security Challenges, Its Emerging Trends On Latest Information And Communication Technology And Cyber Crime In Mobile Money Transaction Services, Hakeem J. Pallangyo

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This paper investigates the challenges emerging trends on latest Information and Communication Technology and cybercrime in mobile money transaction services in Tanzania. The objective of this is to evaluate the challenges associated with this rapid growth in ICT and to determine factors influencing Cybersecurity readiness and Cybercrimes in mobile money transaction services. Cyber Security plays a significant role in the field of Information and Communication Technology especially on mobile money transaction services. The study recognizes the provision of mobile money services by both telecommunication companies and local banks, the fact is that whenever we think about the cyber security, the …

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Effects Of Biochar On Soil Fertility And Crop Yields: Experience From The Southern Highlands Of Tanzania, Peter M. Rogers, Pius Z. Yanda, Noah M. Pauline, Simon Haikola, Anders Hansson, Mathias Fridahl Jun 2022

Effects Of Biochar On Soil Fertility And Crop Yields: Experience From The Southern Highlands Of Tanzania, Peter M. Rogers, Pius Z. Yanda, Noah M. Pauline, Simon Haikola, Anders Hansson, Mathias Fridahl

Tanzania Journal of Science

The world’s agricultural production is declining due to severe loss of soil fertility through natural processes or because of human activities. Biochar has been identified as a potential soil amendment to regain its fertility and increase crop productivity. This study aimed to assess the effects of biochar on soil nutrients and crop yields in the southern highlands of Tanzania. Data were collected through key informant and household interviews, and from sampling of soils in coffee farms where biochar of maize cobs origin was incorporated at the rate of 3 t ha-1. Purposive sampling approach was deployed to identify the villages …

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Comparison On Vegetation Composition And Structure In Fire Prone Forest Of Ilunde And Fire Suppressed Forest Of Kitwe In Tanzania, Nyatwere D Mganga Jun 2022

Comparison On Vegetation Composition And Structure In Fire Prone Forest Of Ilunde And Fire Suppressed Forest Of Kitwe In Tanzania, Nyatwere D Mganga

Tanzania Journal of Science

Fire is among the factors influencing survival and development of plants in ecosystems. This study was conducted in frequently burnt and fire suppressed miombo woodlands of Ilunde and Kitwe, respectively. Tree stem density, basal area and composition of plants were determined. The methods used involved recording the numbers of tree stems, diameter at breast height and classifying vegetation to species level. In Kitwe forest, mean stem density of 582.7 ± 52.90 stems ha– was higher than 356.8 ± 38.98 stems ha– which was recorded in Ilunde forest (t = 15.98, df = 29, p < 0.05). Similarly, a higher mean tree basal area of 16.14 ± 1.32 m2 ha– was recorded in Kitwe forest, while 8.54 ± 0.94 m2 ha– being recorded in Ilunde forest (t = 3.34, df = 14, p < 0.05). Czekanowski’s similarity coefficients for trees, shrubs and saplings, and herbs and grasses were 0.46, 0.34 and 0.22, respectively. Fire adapted species were recorded in Ilunde forest. Fire prone miombo woodland had lower tree stem density, basal area and dominated by fire adapted species. Similarity coefficient between the two forests was also low. Prescribed burning is recommended in miombo woodlands for sustainable species composition and tree structure. Keywords: vegetation; composition, structure, fire prone, miombo

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Evaluation Of Natural Radioactivity And Radiation Hazards Of Soils Around Petroleum Products Marketing Company Using Gamma Ray Spectrometry, Dayo A. Ayeni, Festus M. Adebiyi Jun 2022

Evaluation Of Natural Radioactivity And Radiation Hazards Of Soils Around Petroleum Products Marketing Company Using Gamma Ray Spectrometry, Dayo A. Ayeni, Festus M. Adebiyi

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study aimed at evaluating natural radioactivity and radiation hazards of soils around a petroleum product marketing company due to anthropogenic influences using gamma ray spectrometry. Top soils (5 cm deep) were collected from diverse locations inside the premises of the Company using standard analytical technique, while control samples were acquired at approximately 200 m from the study area. Mean activity concentrations of the radionuclides in the test soils were 89.36 Bq/kg for 40K, 92.1 Bq/kg for 238U and 10.95 Bq/kg for 232Th, which are more than that of control samples with statistically significant differences. Assessment of the radiological levels …

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Exploring Carrier Sense Multiple Access With Collision Avoidance Techniques For Resource Sharing In Broadband Power Line Communications, Godfrey Luwemba, Mussa M. Kissaka, Prosper Mafole Jun 2022

Exploring Carrier Sense Multiple Access With Collision Avoidance Techniques For Resource Sharing In Broadband Power Line Communications, Godfrey Luwemba, Mussa M. Kissaka, Prosper Mafole

Tanzania Journal of Science

A resource sharing in power line communications (PLC) for the home network is restricted by the channel assignment techniques which decide who has the right to gain access to send data. The channel assignment techniques include contention-free and contention-based. The former requires high synchronization due to the deterministic round-trip time. Besides, contention-based utilizes CSMA/CA techniques that allow stations in a network to compete for channel access and are suitable for decentralized network topology. However, a trade-off exists between the number of stations required to gain access versus system efficiency. Whilst some research has been carried out on CSMA/CA resource sharing …

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Factors Influencing The Choice Of Place Of Delivery Of A First Child Among Nigerian Women, Olakiitan I Adeniyi, Nathanael B Afolabi, Adesupo A Akinrefon, Ifeyinwa V Omekam, Ifeoluwa R Olonijolu Jun 2022

Factors Influencing The Choice Of Place Of Delivery Of A First Child Among Nigerian Women, Olakiitan I Adeniyi, Nathanael B Afolabi, Adesupo A Akinrefon, Ifeyinwa V Omekam, Ifeoluwa R Olonijolu

Tanzania Journal of Science

Among the factors responsible for maternal deaths in developing countries is complications during pregnancy and childbirth, and as such, the choice of place for delivery is vital as the quality of attention received can either aid or reduce the risks attached to child bearing. This study seeks to statistically model factors that determine the place of delivery in Nigeria among women of reproductive age taking into consideration possible nesting structure in the mode of data collection. A two-level hierarchical multilevel logistic model with the individual women as the lower level and the state of residence as the second level was …

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The Reconstruction Of The Late Pleistocene And Holocene Vegetation Dynamics In Lake Eyasi Basin, Northern Tanzania, Pastory M. Bushozi, Cassian T. Mumbi, Veronica M. Muiruri, Musa S. Mwitondi Jun 2022

The Reconstruction Of The Late Pleistocene And Holocene Vegetation Dynamics In Lake Eyasi Basin, Northern Tanzania, Pastory M. Bushozi, Cassian T. Mumbi, Veronica M. Muiruri, Musa S. Mwitondi

Tanzania Journal of Science

Lake Eyasi Basin of northern Tanzania plays a pivotal role in the study of human-environment interactions and in understanding human flexibility and adaptability through technological innovations over time and space. In this study, phytoliths from ancient soils and fossil pollen proxies from radiocarbon-dated sequences from Kisimangeda on the north-eastern edge of the Lake Eyasi Basin, are used to interpret trends in climatic changes recorded since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the present. We used pollen and phytolith abundances from a core that was recovered on the northern margin of saline Lake Eyasi at the depth of five metres. The …

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Chemical Constituents And Antimicrobial Evaluation Of Selected Aloe Vera Branded Commercial Products In Tanzania, Stephen S Nyandoro, Bahati F Kyando, Joan Je Munissi Jun 2022

Chemical Constituents And Antimicrobial Evaluation Of Selected Aloe Vera Branded Commercial Products In Tanzania, Stephen S Nyandoro, Bahati F Kyando, Joan Je Munissi

Tanzania Journal of Science

Chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of twenty-two Aloe vera branded commercial products in Tanzania, a case of marketed soaps, creams, lotions, petroleum jelly, toothpastes and hair conditioner products in Dar es Salaam, were investigated. Chemical compositions were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) whereas antimicrobial activities were evaluated using agar dilution method against four bacteria species, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoneae and Salmonella typhi) and two fungal species Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of seven non-polar constituents, namely methyl palmitate, 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester, methyl stearate, tetratetracontane, hexacosane, and pentacosane and methyl …

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Modelling Internet Traffic Streams With Ga/M/1/K Queuing Systems Under Self-Similarity, Jumoke Popoola, Olusogo J Popoola, Oyebayo R Olaniran Jun 2022

Modelling Internet Traffic Streams With Ga/M/1/K Queuing Systems Under Self-Similarity, Jumoke Popoola, Olusogo J Popoola, Oyebayo R Olaniran

Tanzania Journal of Science

High-intensity concurrent arrivals of request packets in Internet traffic can cause dependence of event-to-event-times of the requests being served, which causes non-memoryless, modelled with heavy-tail distributions unlike common known traffics. The performance of Internet traffic can be examined using analytical models for the purpose of optimizing the system to reduce its operating costs. Therefore, our study examined a Ga/M/1/K Internet queue class (Gamma arrival processes, Ga; with memoryless-Poisson service process, M; a single server, 1, and K waiting room) and proposed specific derivations of its performance indicators. Real-life data of a corporate organisation Internet server was monitored at both peak …

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A Mathematical Model And Sensitivity Analysis Of Lassa Fever With Relapse And Reinfection Rate, Latifat M Erinle-Ibrahim, Olukayode Adebimpe, Waheed O Lawal, Joshua O Agbomola Jun 2022

A Mathematical Model And Sensitivity Analysis Of Lassa Fever With Relapse And Reinfection Rate, Latifat M Erinle-Ibrahim, Olukayode Adebimpe, Waheed O Lawal, Joshua O Agbomola

Tanzania Journal of Science

In this research paper, we depict an unprecedented four-dimensional ordinary differential equation modeling the dynamic transmission of the Lassa fever virus incorporating relapse and reinfection rate. Recent studies showed that the recovered individuals from Lassa fever can again be susceptible; which contradicted the common assumptions made by different researchers on modeling of Lassa fever. So, this article corrects and states the implications of the assumptions on the population density. The numerical simulations unveil the effect of relapse, reinfection, and treatment rate in the affected population. Performing sensitivity analysis suggests all new incorporated parameters can impact the infection dynamics substantially. The …

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Toxicity Assessment Of The Crude Ethanolic Pod Extract Of Swartzia Madagascariensis Desv. In Rats, Adelina A. Mwakalila, Saada M. Mbepera, Shaabani A. Mshamu, Amina Msonga, Washa B. Washa Jun 2022

Toxicity Assessment Of The Crude Ethanolic Pod Extract Of Swartzia Madagascariensis Desv. In Rats, Adelina A. Mwakalila, Saada M. Mbepera, Shaabani A. Mshamu, Amina Msonga, Washa B. Washa

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study assessed toxicity of the crude ethanolic pod extracts of Swartzia madagascariensis Desv in Wistar rats. Forty (40) Wistar rats aged 8–10 weeks were orally administered with crude extracts from pods of S. madagascariensis. Chemical analysis of serum and histopathology of liver and kidney from test animals were performed to determine the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and creatinine in serum. In addition, serum albumin levels were also determined. The levels of ALT, AST and creatinine were found to be high in groups treated with crude extracts compared to the control group, suggesting some damage in …

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Effects Of Feed Moisture Content, Soybean Ratio And Barrel Temperature On Physical And Functional Properties Of Extruded Maize-Soybean Flour Blends, Robert Mugabi, Stellah Byakika, Ivan Muzira Mukisa Jun 2022

Effects Of Feed Moisture Content, Soybean Ratio And Barrel Temperature On Physical And Functional Properties Of Extruded Maize-Soybean Flour Blends, Robert Mugabi, Stellah Byakika, Ivan Muzira Mukisa

Tanzania Journal of Science

The effects moisture content, temperature and soybean ratio on expanded product characteristics of extruded maize-soybean blends were studied. Response surface methodology was used to study the effects of extrusion conditions on extrudate properties taking barrel temperature (BT), feed moisture content (FM) and soybean flour ratio (SR) as factors. Expansion ratio (ER), water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), hardness and colour (b* - (+) yellowness) of the extrudates were determined. BT and FM had significant effects on ER (p < 0.05). At low FM levels, ER increased with BT. It was observed that both FM and BT significantly affected WAI and WSI. WAI increased as FM increased. Increasing FM to 20% resulted in a decrease in WSI, beyond which an increase was observed. Hardness increased significantly as feed moisture content increased. High SR content significantly increased the extrudate hardness. FM had no significant effect on colour. Colour increased as the SR and BT increased. Significant regression models explained the effects of SR, FM, and BT on all response variables. All of the response variables' R2, were higher than 0.89. Keywords: Maize, Soybean, moisture content, extrusion

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Identification And Larvicidal Efficacy Of Mosquito-Repelling Plants Used In Malaria Vector Control In South-East Benin, Camille O Tante, Armel Djenontin, Saïd Chitou, Wilfried Sewade, Pierre Agbani, Martin Akogbeto, Daniel C Chougourou Jun 2022

Identification And Larvicidal Efficacy Of Mosquito-Repelling Plants Used In Malaria Vector Control In South-East Benin, Camille O Tante, Armel Djenontin, Saïd Chitou, Wilfried Sewade, Pierre Agbani, Martin Akogbeto, Daniel C Chougourou

Tanzania Journal of Science

After identifying issues posed by some synthetic insecticides, the scientific community is now looking for other natural products with insecticidal and/or insect repellent characteristics. This study aimed to identify the plants of the Beninese flora known for their insecticidal and/or insect repellent effects and the indigenous techniques of their use and to evaluate the combined efficacy of extracts of a few on mosquito larvae for the control of malaria vectors in the South-East of Benin. A survey was conducted and the insecticidal effects of three combinations made from Azadirachta indica, Cymbopogon nardus and Hyptis suaveolens oils on Anopheles gambiae larvae …

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Mathematical Model Of Covid-19 Transmission Dynamics With Double Dose Vaccination, Tawakalt A Ayoola, Mutairu K Kolawole, Amos O Popoola Jun 2022

Mathematical Model Of Covid-19 Transmission Dynamics With Double Dose Vaccination, Tawakalt A Ayoola, Mutairu K Kolawole, Amos O Popoola

Tanzania Journal of Science

This research attempted to investigate the effects of double dose vaccination in a non-linear mathematical model of Covid-19 infections with special compartments class termed first and second dose vaccination. The basic reproduction number was obtained, the stability of the model was analyzed, and the sensitivity analysis was also carried out. Of interest is the numerical simulation of the model where the impacts of contact rate, first and second dose vaccination were studied. The obtained results recommended how to control the corona virus keeping in mind the contact rate and vaccination. Keywords:   Covid-19, Double dose Vaccination, Basic Reproduction Number, Global Stability

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Modelling And Performance Analysis Of Hydrocyclones: The Case Of Buzwagi Gold Mine, Alphonce Wikedzi, Thomas Mütze Jun 2022

Modelling And Performance Analysis Of Hydrocyclones: The Case Of Buzwagi Gold Mine, Alphonce Wikedzi, Thomas Mütze

Tanzania Journal of Science

The performance of hydrocyclones at Buzwagi Gold Mine (BGM) was investigated in three full scale survey campaigns. Thereafter, several empirical and theoretical hydrocyclone models were used for prediction of hydrocyclone performance. The survey data revealed poor performance of the grinding circuit caused by a circulating load higher than the design. Further, the poor performance of the grinding circuit had consequences on hydrocyclones overflow particle size (i.e. a much coarser product, xP,80 > 200 µm) than target (125 µm). In addition, the operation indicates overloading of the hydrocyclones due to feed rates being 10–18% above the design capacity. Apart from their deficiencies, …

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