Digital Commons Network^™

Financially Constrained Mortgage Servicers, Darren Aiello

Faculty Publications

Financially constrained mortgage servicers destroyed substantial MBS investor value during the financial crisis through their management of delinquent mortgages. Servicers advance to investors monthly payments missed by borrowers. In order to minimize this obligation to extend financing to distressed borrowers, constrained servicers aggressively pursued foreclosures and modifications at the expense of investors, borrowers, and future mortgage performance. When agency frictions between the servicer and the investor are higher, the servicer’s financial constraints matter more. IV regressions suggest that, on average per defaulted loan, servicers’ financial constraints are responsible for 20% of the total investor value reduction during the financial crisis.

An Analysis Of Selling Concessions, Reallowance Fees, And Price Changes In The Marketing Of Ipos, James C. Brau, Joseph J. Henry

Faculty Publications

This paper provides an economic model resulting in two distinct marketing strategies available to investment bankers. First, we hypothesize that an increased selling effort by brokers is used most effectively when the investment clientele is uninformed. Second, adjusting the offer price of the issue is hypothesized to be employed primarily in large IPOs with a clientele of sophisticated investors, consistent with Shiller’s Impresario Hypothesis. Our pre-IPO bubble (1981-1996) empirical results yield evidence supporting both selling mechanisms. Under-demanded small IPO issues are ‘pushed’ by the brokers, while some under-demanded large IPO issues instead increase the offer price, with large first-day turnover …

Differentially Private Fractional Frequency Moments Estimation With Polylogarithmic Space, Lun Wang, Iosif Pinelis, Dawn Song

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

We prove that Fp sketch, a well-celebrated streaming algorithm for frequency moments estimation, is differentially private as is when p ∈ (0, 1]. Fp sketch uses only polylogarithmic space, exponentially better than existing DP baselines and only worse than the optimal non-private baseline by a logarithmic factor. The evaluation shows that Fp sketch can achieve reasonable accuracy with differential privacy guarantee. The evaluation code is included in the supplementary material.

Back From The Future: Mediation And Prediction Of Events Uncertainty Through Event-Driven Models (Edms), Samuel Ogbeibu, James Gaskin

Faculty Publications

The event-driven model (EDM) is an emerging concept in human behavioural research, and understanding how EDMs can promote theory development remains a fundamental quest of predictive science. Traditionally, researchers have heavily depended upon theory confirmation and the inclusion of mediating constructs to clarify uncertainty associated with plausible events (e.g. political, socio-economic, technological, environmental). Though this approach has pushed the field forward, it has also steered mediation research towards largely ignoring the fundamental role of prediction as a key for better understanding future events represented by EDMs. Additionally, emerging research using partial least squares structural equation modelling to execute prediction-oriented analysis …

Transformational It Leaders And Digital Innovation: The Moderating Effect Of Formal It Governance, Linda M. Pittenger, Nicholas Berente, James Gaskin

Faculty Publications

Does formal IT governance encourage innovation in the traditional domains of the IT function at the expense of new forms of “digital” innovation? We report on a study of 158 IT managers and leaders to understand the conditions under which transformational IT leadership can drive innovation in traditional forms of IT, as well as in the emerging “digital” domain. We find that highly formal IT governance practices can reduce ability of transformational IT managers and leaders to innovate in both domains, and this effect is greater for digital innovation. In stable cultures the moderation effect was strengthened, while insignificant in …

Digital Behavioral Biometrics And Privacy: Methods For Improving Business Processes Without Compromising Customer Privacy, Joseph S. Valacich, Jeffrey L. Jenkins, D. Čišić

Faculty Publications

To enable people to interact with online websites and systems, browsers capture a variety of events that occur on the page—such as how a person is moving the computer mouse, what a person clicks on, what a person types, and whether a person is scrolling. These events represent a user’s behavior on a page, referred to as the DOM or Document Object Model, and are recorded at a millisecond precision rate (e.g., the exact millisecond timestamp when a key goes down and when it comes back up). Research and practice alike have found that these behavioral events can provide powerful …

An Institutional Theory Perspective On Ehr Engagement: Mandates, Penalties, And Enforcement, Mark J. Keith, Elina Chun Stewart, Tevin Stewart, Mitchell Josephson, Bob Cash, Connor Bice

Faculty Publications

Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems are the predominant information system (IS) used by healthcare clinicians and have been the source of both great success and pain. User engagement with EHR systems is unique from traditional IS contexts in significant ways. Prior research explains EHR usage and success primarily on traditional technology acceptance research (i.e., TAM, UTAUT). However, these models assume that EHR engagement is no different from IS systems in general business domains. Yet, the healthcare context is far more regulated than most. Based on qualitative focus group sessions with a leading healthcare analytics firm (KLAS Research), we identify the …

Information Filtering In Electronic Networks Of Practice: An Fmri Investigation Of Expectation (Dis)Confirmation, Kelly J. Fadel, Thomas O. Meservy, C. Brock Kirwan

Faculty Publications

Online forums sponsored by electronic networks of practice (ENPs) have become an important platform for technology-mediated knowledge exchange, yet relatively little is known about how ENP participants filter and evaluate the information they encounter on these forums. This study integrates perspectives from expectation confirmation theory, prospect theory, and neuroscience research to explore how ENP forum filtering judgments are influenced when expectations formed on the basis of contextual cues are confirmed or disconfirmed by the examination of solution quality. We summarize six different models of expectation confirmation explored in previous IS literature and report the results of a neuroimaging experiment using …

Prediabetes: Provider Awareness And The Implementation Of The Prevent Diabetes Stat Toolkit Resources, Brooke Feltman

Nursing

Increased proactivity and improved management of prediabetes is a growing need amongst providers in the primary care setting. Nearly one third of North Dakota residents over the age of 20 have prediabetes, but only one out of ten are aware of this reversible medical condition. Without early correction and identification, 15-30% of people with prediabetes will develop type 2 diabetes. Based on the need for increased proactivity towards prediabetic management, evidence-based resources were created by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Medical Association. The Prevent Diabetes STAT Toolkit was developed to guide medical professionals in assisting …

Adolescent Mental Health: A Community Needs Assessment, Michael Hammer

Nursing

Depression among adolescents has been trending upward with approximately 3.2 million adolescents aged 12-17 having at least one major depressive episode in the United States (U.S.) in 2016. The incidence of depression also rises with age among adolescents, with depressive episodes at 4.8% for 12-year-olds, 11.8% for 14-year-olds, and as high as 18.5% in adolescents aged 17 years. Interventions aimed at understanding mental health needs of adolescents and reducing barriers to care are essential to improve overall health outcomes for this population. The goal of this community needs assessment was to better understand adolescent mental health and determine the needs …

A General Coupling Methodology For Unsteady Aerostructural Optimization With Analytic Derivatives, Taylor Mcdonnell, Adam Cardoza, Denis-Gabriel Caprace, Andrew Ning

Faculty Publications

Multidisciplinary design optimization offers a comprehensive approach for designing complex aerostructural systems such as wind turbines. Gradient-based multidisciplinary design optimization can be used to optimize complex systems using large numbers of design variables. However, the convergence of gradient-based optimization methods to an optimal solution is highly dependent on the accuracy of the provided derivatives. In this paper, we propose a general method for creating unsteady coupled systems for steady-state, eigenvalue, and time-domain analyses. We then describe how highly accurate derivatives may be obtained from these analyses using a combination of automatic differentiation and analytic methods (including the unsteady adjoint). Finally, …

New Touch Park, Abdirahman Mohamud

Landscape Architecture Theses

My study is to answer the question how can landscapes themselves be interactive, could they be learning & teaching experiences? Can you learn actively from design? Could a landscape teach you a story of a people or a lesson? Are their existing sites that do these things already that we can learn from them? Could it be replicated? What are their structures and programing that make them successful? My study is also promoting and proposing an environment for learning objectives for young developing children in low income housing, with project elements such as natural playground setting, pushing a narrative of …

Challenges And Progress In Research, Diagnostics, And Therapeutics In Alzheimer's Disease And Related Dementias, Nikolay V Dokholyan, Richard C Mohs, Randall J Bateman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The health, well-being, and financial security of Americans are greatly impacted by Alzheimer's disease. The forecast paints an upward trajectory with the number of Americans suffering from Alzheimer's disease and related dementia. To discuss the Alzheimer's crisis, The Senate Committee on Finance, Subcommittee on Health Care, held a hearing titled, "The Alzheimer's Crisis: Examining, Testing, and Treatment Pipelines and Fiscal Implications," on December 16, 2020. Here, we summarize and expand on the discussion of the panel and its review of recent progress, ongoing challenges associated with Alzheimer's disease, and potential initiatives that promise to speed progress in developing treatments and …

The Nursing Care Of People With Class Iii Obesity In An Acute Care Setting: A Scoping Review, Bev Ewens, Vivien Kemp, Mandy (Amanda) Towell-Barnard, Lisa Whitehead

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background

Patients with Class III obesity pose unique challenges to health care staff and organisations. Care requirements of this population are unique and require specialised equipment and knowledge to meet these needs, maintain the quality of care, as well as the safety of patients and staff.

Aim

To synthesise the evidence on the nursing care of Class III obese patients in acute care settings.

Methods

A scoping review informed by JBI. CINAHL Plus, Medline, Scopus, Proquest Central, Web of Science and Embase were searched for primary research articles about the nursing management of people classified as Class III obese in …

Finding Geodesics Joining Given Points, Lyle Noakes, Erchuan Zhang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Finding a geodesic joining two given points in a complete path-connected Riemannian manifold requires much more effort than determining a geodesic from initial data. This is because it is much harder to solve boundary value problems than initial value problems. Shooting methods attempt to solve boundary value problems by solving a sequence of initial value problems, and usually need a good initial guess to succeed. The present paper finds a geodesic γ: [0 , 1] → M on the Riemannian manifold M with γ(0) = x0 and γ(1) = x1 by dividing the interval [0,1] into several sub-intervals, preferably just …

Physical Layer Authentication Using Ensemble Learning Technique In Wireless Communications, Muhammad Waqas, Shehr Bano, Fatima Hassan, Shanshan Tu, Ghulam Abbas, Ziaul Haq Abbas

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Cyber-physical wireless systems have surfaced as an important data communication and networking research area. It is an emerging discipline that allows effective monitoring and efficient real-time communication between the cyber and physical worlds by embedding computer software and integrating communication and networking technologies. Due to their high reliability, sensitivity and connectivity, their security requirements are more comparable to the Internet as they are prone to various security threats such as eavesdropping, spoofing, botnets, man-in-the-middle attack, denial of service (DoS) and distributed denial of service (DDoS) and impersonation. Existing methods use physical layer authentication (PLA), the most promising solution to detect …

Realising Curriculum Possibilities In Wales: Teachers’ Initial Experiences Of Re-Imagining Secondary Physical Education, David Aldous, Victoria Evans, Rhys Lloyd, Fiona Heath-Diffey, Fiona Chambers

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This paper provides insight into secondary Physical Education (PE) teachers’ experiences of beginning to re-imagine secondary physical education provision in light of the new Curriculum for Wales, 2022 (CfW). Data were generated through analysis of semi-structured interviews (n = 5) with secondary PE teachers who participated in three workshops which uses a design-thinking methodology. Informed by Ball and colleagues’ conceptualisation of policy work, findings draw attention towards how engagement in the workshops provided a foundation for the participants to begin interpretation and translation of the new CfW and consider re-imagining existing PE provision within the school context. Participants’ interpretations of …

A Review On Security Issues And Solutions Of The Internet Of Drones, Wencheng Yang, Song Wang, Xuefei Yin, Xu Wang, Jiankun Hu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The Internet of Drones (IoD) has attracted increasing attention in recent years because of its portability and automation, and is being deployed in a wide range of fields (e.g., military, rescue and entertainment). Nevertheless, as a result of the inherently open nature of radio transmission paths in the IoD, data collected, generated or handled by drones is plagued by many security concerns. Since security and privacy are among the foremost challenges for the IoD, in this paper we conduct a comprehensive review on security issues and solutions for IoD security, discussing IoD-related security requirements and identifying the latest advancement in …

Epidemiology Of ∆8thc-Related Carcinogenesis In Usa: A Panel Regression And Causal Inferential Study, Albert Stuart Reece, Gary Kenneth Hulse

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The use of ∆8THC is increasing at present across the USA in association with widespread cannabis legalization and the common notion that it is “legal weed”. As genotoxic actions have been described for many cannabinoids, we studied the cancer epidemiology of ∆8THC. Data on 34 cancer types was from the Centers for Disease Control Atlanta Georgia, substance abuse data from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, ethnicity and income data from the U.S. Census Bureau, and cannabinoid concentration data from the Drug Enforcement Agency, were combined and processed in R. Eight cancers (corpus uteri, liver, gastric cardia, breast …

Lenses Of Understanding: Socially Constructed Meaning Making In Education Abroad, Callie Dominique Speer

Education

The purpose of this study was to explore meaning making in the context of education abroad. This was conducted through three articles exploring elements of this process, including how programs may be framed through marketing and advising practices; the foundational importance of social and geographic place; the dialectical interactions between embodied experience with conceptual schema, figurative language, and narratives; and the role of student agency within these processes.The first article explored the relationship between virtual delivery and student development as mediated by embodied experience. Through this analysis, concerns about the possibility for the creation of a simulacrum of education abroad …

“It’S Like Bluetooth. I Felt Like I Was In Rhythm With Him:” An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (Ipa) Of The Lived Experiences Of Commercially Sexually Exploited Youth (Csey) In A Residential Equine Assisted Psychotherapy (Eap) Program, Jenna Hershberger

Education

Human sex trafficking is a grave human rights violation that impacts the dignity of millions both globally and in the United States. The International Labor Organization estimates 4.5 million children are trafficked around the global at any given time (International Labour Organization [ILO], 2017). Within the United States, approximately two in five human trafficking offenses reported to federally funded human trafficking task forces from 2008 to 2010 involved the sex trafficking of minors (Banks & Kyckelhahn, 2011). Childhood traumas, including childhood sexual abuse and rape, emotional abuse, running away from home, and family members’ involvement in sex work or friends …

A Neural Network-Based Model For Lower Limb Continuous Estimation Against The Disturbance Of Uncertainty, Wanting Li, Keping Liu, Zhongbo Sun, C Li, Yuanyuan Chai, Jian Gu

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

In this paper, a novel prediction model is proposed to estimate human continuous motion intention using a fuzzy wavelet neural network (FWNN) and a zeroing neural network (ZNN). During walking, seven channel surface electromyography (sEMG) signals and motion data of hip and knee are collected, and two signals are selected and processed from the seven muscles based on physiological and correlation analysis. Then, FWNN is built as an intention recognition model, with sEMG signals as input and physical hip and knee information as output. Meanwhile, ZNN is exploited into the FWNN model, forming a hybrid model to eliminate the prediction …

An Exploration Of The Contribution Of Embodied, Situated Research Strategies To Cultural Ecosystem Services And Landscape Assessment Frameworks: An Environmental Empathy Case Study, K Łucznik, Jv Serrano, J Martin

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Since the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment in 2005, interest has increased in cultural ecosystem services (CESs) research to understand the complexity of the non-material benefits that people obtain from ecosystems. The intangible and interactive characteris-tics of CESs present many challenges regarding how to approach, quantify and even de-fine CESs. In this paper, we suggest looking at CESs through the lens of embodied and situated cognition theories. We advocate that such an approach should be applied to the development stage of CES research projects, as the embodied and situated experience of the site aids the development of research questions and future interventions. …

One-Year Post-Operative Comparison Of Visual Function And Patient Satisfaction With Trifocal And Extended Depth Of Focus Intraocular Lenses, Elizabeth M. Law, Rajesh K. Aggarwal, Hetal Buckhurst, Hosam E. Kasaby, Jonathan Marsden, Gary Shum, Phillip J. Buckhust

School of Health Professions

PURPOSE: To evaluate visual performance with trifocal and extended depth of focus IOL at 1 year post-operatively.

SETTING: BMI Southend Hospital.

DESIGN: Cohort study.

METHODS: An age-matched cohort of forty subjects bilaterally implanted with the AT LISA 839MP trifocal IOL (20 patients, 40 eyes) and the Tecnis Symfony extended depth of focus IOL (20 patients, 40 eyes) were assessed at 3-6 months and 12-18 months post-operatively. Primary outcome measures were distance (6 m), intermediate (70 cm), near visual acuity (40 cm), and analysis of defocus profiles. Secondary outcomes included contrast sensitivity, Radner reading performance, quality of vision and assessment of …

Effect Of Different Durations Of Using A Standing Frame On The Rate Of Hip Migration In Children With Moderate To Severe Cerebral Palsy: A Feasibility Study For A Randomised Controlled Trial, R. Rapson, T. King, C. Morris, R. Jeffery, J. Mellhuish, C. Stephens, J. Marsden

School of Health Professions

Aim To assess the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effect of different doses of standing time on hip migration rate in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Method Children aged 1–12 years with CP GMFCS levels III–V were recruited and randomised to either doubling or continuing with their usual time in their standing frame. Caregivers kept a standing time diary. The primary outcome measure was Reimers hip migration percentage, measured at baseline, 12 and 24 months. A blinded assessor measured secondary clinical outcomes at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Feasibility results are reported following CONSORT guidelines. …

Viscocanalostomy And Combined Phacoemulsification With Viscocanalostomy: A Five-Year Follow-Up, Conor Lyons, Daniela Oehring, Divya Mathews

School of Health Professions

No abstract provided.

Analysis Of Sdr To Detect Long Range Rfid Badge Cloners, Brett Knecht

Computer Science

This thesis proposes a way of detecting when radio frequency identification (RFID) badge credentials are being captured through the use of software defined radio (SDR). A method for using SDR to detect when badge cloning technologies are in use on the premises is presented, tested, and analyzed. This thesis presents an overview of the problem with badge systems and a background literature review. Next, the proposed method of detection and its workings are presented. Then, the strategy for evaluating the methods performance. This is discussed by discussion and evaluation of the results. Finally, the thesis concludes with a discussion of …

Richard Evans Schultes, James P. Smith Jr

Botanical Studies

No abstract provided.

Food Plants With Toxic Properties, James P. Smith Jr

Botanical Studies

No abstract provided.

Do Liquid Assets Lure Managers? Evidence From Corporate Misconduct, Rashid Zaman, Nader Atawnah, Muhammad Nadeem, Stephen Bahadar, Irfan H. Shakri

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

We examine the effect of asset redeployability on corporate misconduct and find a significant positive relationship. Utilizing a large sample of public US firms for the period of 2001 to 2015, we find that a one standard deviation (SD) increase in the proportion of redeployable assets leads to a 7.2% increase in corporate fines. We also find that the positive association between asset redeployability and corporate misconduct varies across types of misconduct and industrial heterogeneity. In our channel analysis, we find that managerial risk-taking is a potential mechanism through which asset redeployability is associated with misconduct. Additional tests reveal that …