Digital Commons Network^™

Characterizing Late Blight Resistance Of Parental Genotypes Used In The North Dakota State University Potato Breeding Program, James Bjerke

Plant Sciences

The potato is an important food crop, and late blight is a potato disease costing growers millions of dollars. Utilizing cultivars with late blight resistance is the longest-term option to manage the disease. This two-part study identified genetic resistance to late blight present in North Dakota State University potato germplasm. More than 750 families were screened using a multiyear detached leaf assay. ND8277B-5, Dakota Trailblazer, EB8109-1, ND028856B-1Russ, and Stirling, were found to be the most successful parents. Additionally, 236 clones were evaluated for six late blight resistance (R) genes: R1, R2, R3, RB, Rpi-smira1, and Rpi-ber1. At least one R …

Mental Illness As A Vulnerability For Sexual Assault: A Retrospective Study Of 7,455 Sexual Assault Forensic Medical Examinations, Leslie Miles, Julie L. Valentine, Linda Mabey, Nancy R. Downing

Faculty Publications

Background: Persons with severe mental illness (MI) are at a high risk of becoming victims of sexual assault (SA). Vulnerability for SA with any type of MI is unknown. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of preexisting MI and other significant factors in patients reporting preexisting MI at the time of their SA medical forensic examinations (SAMFEs).

Method: A retrospective SAMFE chart review of patients ( N = 7,455) from 2010 to 2020 was conducted. Sexual assault nurse examiners completed SAMFEs. Inclusion criteria included (a) aged 14 years and older, (b) completed SAMFE with SA kit evidence collection, and …

Ability To Consent To A Sexual Assault Medical Forensic Examination In Adult Patients With Serious Mental Illness, Leslie W. Miles, Eleanore Knox, Nancy Downing, Julie L. Valentine

Faculty Publications

When a patient reporting a sexual assault (SA) presents with signs and symptoms of serious mental illness (MI), medical providers or forensic examiners may have concerns regarding the ability to legally consent to a sexual assault medical forensic examination (SAMFE). Numerous encounters have occurred where a SAMFE was not offered to a cooperative adult patient because the patient exhibited signs and symptoms of MI. Medical providers and examiners may be motivated by beneficence (believing that treating the patient's MI must take priority over the SAMFE) and/or non-maleficence (a concern that the in-depth SAMFE may worsen the patient's psychological state). Situations …

Post-Exercise Arterial Stiffness Responses Are Similar After Acute Eccentric And Concentric Arm Cycling, Travis Wakeham, Dakota J. Anderson, Steven J. Elmer, John J. Durocher

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Upper-body resistance exercise effectively increases muscular strength, but may concomitantly increase arterial stiffness. Eccentric exercise can lead to muscle soreness and arterial stiffness in untrained participants. However, it is unclear if upper-body eccentric exercise could reduce arterial stiffness in a single session for participants that have undergone progressive training. Our purpose was to compare acute responses to upper-body eccentric (novel, ECCarm) and concentric (traditional, CONarm) steady state arm cycling. We hypothesized that arm arterial stiffness would be reduced after both ECCarm and CONarm. Twenty-two young healthy individuals performed either ECCarm ( = 11) or CONarm ( = 11) at ~70% …

Do People With Apraxia Of Speech And Aphasia Improve Or Worsen Across Repeated Sequential Word Trials?, Tyson G. Harmon, Adam Jacks, Katarina L. Haley, Jessica D. Richardson, Elizabeth H. Lacey, Peter Turkeltaub

Faculty Publications

Purpose:

During motor speech examinations for suspected apraxia of speech (AOS), clients are routinely asked to repeat words several times sequentially. The purpose of this study was to understand the task in terms of the relationship among consecutive attempts. We asked to what extent phonemic accuracy changes across trials and whether the change is predicted by AOS diagnosis and sound production severity.

Method:

One hundred thirty-three participants were assigned to four diagnostic groups based on quantitative metrics (aphasia plus AOS, aphasia-only, and aphasia with two borderline speech profiles). Each participant produced four multisyllabic words 5 times consecutively. These productions were …

Effects Of An Interdisciplinary Communication Partner Training Program On Student Learning, Tyson G. Harmon, Mei-Ling Lin, Gabrielle Scronce, Adam Jacks

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Communication partner training (CPT) involves educating conversation partners to implement communication strategies that facilitate improved interactions with people with aphasia (PWA). This study aimed to investigate (1) whether a CPT program increased the knowledge and confidence of students with and without a communication disorders background and (2) the differential effects of this training on students from different allied health disciplines. METHODS: Quasi-experimental design study with 6 adult volunteers with aphasia and 36 students (18 speech-language pathology [SLP] students and 18 physical therapy/occupational therapy [PT/OT] students). The CPT program was provided twice (in 2015 and 2016) as a single seminar …

Mazes In Spanish-English Dual Language Learners After Language Enrichment: A Case Study, Casey L. Taliancich-Klinger, Connie Summers, Kai J. Greene

Faculty Publications

ABSTRACTThe number of Spanish-English dual language learners (DLLs) in the United States continues toincrease every year. In the absence of developmental language norms for DLLs it is importantto learn more about typical language production characteristics to distinguish typical fromatypical language characteristics. An area of language production with conflicting results inthe literature is the production of mazes. Mazes are interruptions in the forward flow oflanguage in the form of interjections, repairs or revisions of words and phrases. At elevatedrates, mazes may interrupt the communication process. A common practice in classroomsettings is to provide support for DLLs through small group activities such …

A Framework For Phronetic Ldt Theory, Jason K. Mcdonald

Faculty Publications

My purpose in this chapter is to offer a reimagined view of theory in the field of learning design and technology (LDT). Instead of viewing theory as an external storehouse of knowledge, or a rule-like system for professionals to apply, in this framework theory is viewed as an orienting aid that supports practitioners as they refine their personal capacities for perception, discrimination, and judgment. Theory plays this orienting role as it offers insights into LDT-relevant practical knowledge, productive heuristics, points professionals towards opportunities to act, or identifies significant patterns and forms of excellence to which they can pay attention as …

Considering What Faculty Value When Working With Instructional Designers And Instructional Design Teams, Jason K. Mcdonald, Salma Elsayed-Ali, Kayla Bowman, Amy Allen Rogers

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this research was to study what university faculty valued when working with instructional designers and instructional design teams to develop educational simulations. We did this through a case study of three faculty, where we analyzed what they discussed among themselves or communicated to other team members about what mattered to them about their team relationships or the design processes they employed. We structured our case report around three thematic issues that expressed how our participants depicted good relationships and processes. Our report concludes with a discussion of how instructional designers could use our findings in their practice.

Introducing Undergraduates To Instructional Design In A Graduate Studio: An Experiential, Model-Centered Approach, Rebecca Stull Zundell, William Sowards, Scott L. Howell, Jason K. Mcdonald

Faculty Publications

This case study describes a combined graduate and undergraduate instructional design studio that introduced undergraduate students to instructional design in a multifaceted, holistic, and applied way. Reviewing the experience of the undergraduates in the course, this design case describes four learning interventions used to create this applied experience: (1) instructional design team projects—one non-profit and the other in higher education, (2) weekly seminars and biweekly training sessions from field experts, (3) an experiential out-of-state trip, and (4) weekly reflection journals. These studio-based learning interventions are presented within the context of the Experiential Learning Theory and Model-Centered Instruction. Overall, the course …

Increase Student Engagement In Online Writing Environments, Jonathan Balzotti, Jason K. Mcdonald, Kevin Haws, Amy Allen Rogers, Matthew J. Baker

Faculty Publications

This case study explores a type of educational simulation, an alternative reality game we call a playable case study (PCS), and how its use influenced student engagement in an online writing classroom. The goal of the simulation was to help students create professional communication artifacts and experience real-world professional communication situations. This article reports the effectiveness of the playable case study as a tool specifically for online writing instruction (OWI). The context of our research was a PCS called Microcore. Acting as interns for a company, students are asked to investigate a serious problem that occurs and present a solution …

A Study Of Locally D-Optimal Designs For The Emax Model With Heteroscedasticity, Xiao Zhang

Statistics

The classic theory of locally optimal designs is developed on the center+error model assuming Gaussianity and homoscedasticity for random error, in which, the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) turns out to be the most efficient in model parameter estimation. However, these assumptions are typically absent in practice. In this work, we study the locally D-optimal design based on our new oracle Second-order Least Square Estimator (SLSE). We compare asymptotic efficiency of locally D-optimal designs obtained via SLSE, the Maximum quasi-Likelihood Estimator (MqLE) and Maximum Gaussian Likelihood Estimator (MGLE), in the case where the underlying probability distribution of response is non-Gaussian and …

Three Essays On Railroad Safety Analysis Using Non-Parametric Statistical Methods, Neeraj Dhingra

Transportation Logistics and Finance

he FRA mandated railroad companies to install a new monitoring system known as Positive Train Control (PTC). This system overlays sensors, signals, and transponders over existing track and other wayside infrastructure. Technologists designed the system to prevent accidents mainly caused by human negligence and communications. However, PTC will not address track-related defects, which is the second dominant cause of accidents. A new track monitoring system called Railway Autonomous Inspection Localization System (RAILS) was proposed to address track-related accidents. RAILS is based on low-cost sensor technology that identifies defect symptoms, ranks their severity, classifies defect types, and localizes their positions. So, …

Perspectives On Georgia Vowels: From Legacy To Synchony, Joseph A. Stanley, Jon Forrest, Leila Glass, Margaret Renwick

Faculty Publications

Nexuses of change in Georgia English

Mid vowels

• How are FACE and DRESS distinguished over time?
• Which speakers show DRESS raising/fronting (SVS, AAVS)?
• When does DRESS lowering/backing begin (LBMS)?
• Which speakers show GOAT fronting (SVS, LBMS vs. AAVS)?

Low vowels

• Which speakers show TRAP raising/fronting (SVS, AAVS)?
• When does TRAP lowering/backing begin (LBMS)?
• Which speakers have the LOT/THOUGHT merger (LBMS)?

"The Working World Is A Minefield": Counterstories Of Job Loss, Rachel Collier Murdock, Matt Baker, Stacy Tye-Williams

Faculty Publications

This study examines narratives told by employees who experienced involuntary job loss. Results expand on previous narrative research investigating the American Dream master narrative and job loss as related to the neoliberal claim that those who work hard will be successful. The study investigated the master narrative’s implications for job loss that if someone loses their job, they must be either flawed or a bad worker. Contributions include a new redeemed-resolved identity construction by individuals who narrated job loss as an opportunity to correct some flaw in either their character or work life and to emerge a better, changed worker. …

Incremental Improvements: Examining Instructional Changes And Rationales Of K-12 Online Teachers Using The Picrat And 4e Frameworks, Jered Borup, Rocio Quiroga Velasquez, Charles R. Graham, Leanna Archambault, Royce Kimmons

Faculty Publications

Teacher preparation programs have been slow to prepare teachers for the online environment, leaving many online teachers needing to learn on the job. However, little research has examined how online teachers grow as educators. One way to better understand this growth is to examine the changes online teachers make in their instruction and their rationales for making them. In this qualitative case study, we surveyed online teachers three times during an academic year regarding their instructional changes. Participants described these changes and categorized them on a modified PICRAT matrix to indicate if the changes made student learning more passive, interactive, …

Providing Institutional Support For Academic Engagement In Online And Blended Learning Programs, Sara Tuiloma, Charles R. Graham, Adriana María Martinez Arias, Diana Maria Parra Caicedo

Faculty Publications

In this paper, we examine how universities can evaluate the level of support they provide to help their students with affective, behavioral, and cognitive engagement in their online and blended learning experiences. Additionally, it identifies what types of supports help students engage academically and what barriers hinder their online engagement. Using a survey instrument sent to university students (n = 1295), we conducted a mixed-methods analysis to understand better how students feel the institution supports their online engagement and what barriers they experience. To accomplish this, we addressed the following research questions: (1) How do students feel the institution supports …

The Innovation And Reporting Consequences Of Financial Regulation For Young Life-Cycle Firms, Abigail Allen, Melissa F. Lewis-Western, Kristen Valentine

Faculty Publications

Firm life-cycle stage reflects a firm’s current strategic direction toward exploration independent of age or size. We provide evidence that young life-cycle firms are particularly vulnerable to negative innovation consequences from financial regulation but do not appear to experience any compensating financial reporting quality (FRQ) benefits. Using a generalized difference-indifferences design around Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), we document a significant reduction in both research and development (R&D) spending and innovation outputs for young life-cycle stage firms after regulation. Declines in innovation manifest both from the diversion of scarce resources and from the imposition of an organizational culture mismatched …

Do Auditors’ Incentives Affect Materiality Assessments Of Prior-Period Misstatements?*, Brant E. Christensen, Roy Schmardebeck, Timothy Seidel

Faculty Publications

We examine whether auditors' incentives affect materiality assessments of prior-period misstatements. Interviews with global network firm partners reveal consistency across firms in the process used to assess prior-period misstatements and highlight points in the process where judgments are most susceptible to auditors’ conscious or subconscious biases. In related empirical tests, we find that auditors assess misstatements as less material (i.e., misstatements are disclosed less prominently) when auditors face greater engagement risk (comprised of the risk of litigation and reputation loss) or have greater incentives to please important clients. These effects only occur when auditor incentives to avoid further litigation or …

The Effect Of Wearable Activity Monitor Presence On Step Counts, William B. Tayler, James D. Lecheminant, Jospeh Price, Christian P. Tadje

Faculty Publications

Objective: In this study, we tested the effect of wearable activity monitors and tracking on physical activity over 2 weeks.

Methods: Ninety young adults participated. Prior to initiation of the study, each participant was asked to download an iPhone app that tracked physical activity level (step counts) but were not told the app’s purpose. Each participant was then randomly assigned to one of 3 groups (N=30/group): (1) measurement awareness, (2) measurement awareness+track/record, or (3) control. Participants in the measurement awareness and the measurement awareness+track/record groups were given a pedometer to wear for 2 weeks. Additionally, participants in the measurement awareness+track/ …

The Effects Of A Second-Chance Exam Policy In A Large-Enrollment Introductory Accounting Course, Melissa Larson, William B. Tayler, Jared R. Stark

Faculty Publications

Using a quasi-experimental design, we compare two semesters of an introductory accounting course to evaluate the impact of a second-chance exam policy (SCEP) on student performance and anxiety, analyzing data from 1,986 students. The SCEP, allowing two additional attempts at exams capped at 80 percent credit, significantly improved academic outcomes and decreased perceived test anxiety. Specifically, students during the SCEP semester experienced an average increase of 4.46 percent in exam scores (p < 0.01), a 3.37 percent increase in course percentage points (p < 0.01), and a GPA increase of 0.21 (p < 0.01). Notably, women experienced greater improvements than men in measured academic outcomes. Our findings suggest that SCEPs can be an effective intervention to increase academic performance and reduce anxiety. We also examine an SCEP’s effect on preparation for exam first attempts and find that students perform better on a first attempt with an SCEP.

Updated Perceptions Of Accounting Academics On The Review And Publication Process, F. Greg Burton, William G. Heninger, Scott L. Summers, David A. Wood

Faculty Publications

We update the Wood (2016) survey that gathered perceptions of academics regarding the review and publication process at the top academic journals to measure changes in perceptions over the last five years. We find that accounting academics generally perceive the overall process has not improved at top journals or has become worse since 2015. More specifically, we find that respondents think acceptance rates in top journals should nearly double. Respondents believe that reviewers and editors underweight practice relevance. They also believe reviewers overweight the criteria of incremental contribution, method, and rigor. Respondents believe that their institutions focus too much on …

Accounting Academics Perceptions Of 12 Research Journals, F. Greg Burton, William G. Heninger, Scott L. Summers, David A. Wood

Faculty Publications

This paper reports perceptions of over 1,000 accounting faculty regarding 12 accounting journals (including the traditional Top 3/6), specifically in: (1) how open they are to diverse topic areas, (2) how open they are to diverse research methodologies, (3) how effectively they produce new and useful knowledge for academics, and (4) how effectively they produce new and useful knowledge for non-academic stakeholders. We find that the traditional Top 3/6 journals do not lead the academy along these four dimensions; in fact, some are viewed as the worst performers in these areas. Furthermore, we find that academics have a relatively poor …

Relevance Of Accounting Research (Roar): Ratings Of Abstracts By Accounting Professionals, F. Greg Burton, Scott L. Summers, T. Jeffrey Wilks, David A. Wood

Faculty Publications

The relevance of academic accounting research to practice has been frequently discussed in the accounting academy, yet very little data has been put forth in these discussions. We create relevance of accounting research (ROAR) scores by asking accounting professionals to read and evaluate the titles and abstracts of every article published in 12 leading accounting journals for the years 2016 to 2018, inclusive. These scores allow for an evidence-based evaluation and discussion of how academic accounting research is perceived by accounting professionals. The scores also allow us to identify the articles, authors, journals, and accounting topic areas that are perceived …

Perceptions Of Robotic Process Automation In Big 4 Public Accounting Firms: Do Firm Leaders And Lower-Level Employees Agree?, Lauren A. Cooper, D. Kip Holderness, Trevor L. Sorensen, David A. Wood

Faculty Publications

The use of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is a recent innovation in the public accounting industry, and the Big 4 firms are at the forefront of its implementation. This paper examines how the adoption and use of RPA is affecting the perceived work experience of firm leaders and lower-level employees at Big 4 accounting firms. We interview 14 RPA leaders, survey 139 lower-level employees, and compare and contrast their responses. We find that the two groups generally agree that RPA is having a positive influence on the profession. Both groups believe that RPA is positively changing the work employees perform …

Evidence On Internal Audit Quality From Transitioning To Remote Audits Because Of Covid-19, Marc Eulerich, Martin Wagener, David A. Wood

Faculty Publications

As in-person audits were banned by governments and by company policies due to the COVID-19 pandemic, internal auditors had to transition to remote audits to perform their work. Based on survey responses of internal auditors who have conducted both remote and in-person audits, we find that internal auditors perceive no difference in the efficiency and effectiveness of and stakeholders’ reliance on results from remote and in-person audits when considering all responses. However, we also find that perceived efficiency and effectiveness increase the more experience internal auditors have with remote audits. Supplemental analyses show that support from the auditee, but not …

The Status Of Robotic Process Automation, Steven A. Harrast, David A. Wood

Faculty Publications

Modern information technology (IT) has greatly expanded the capability of companies to coordinate activities and process large numbers of transactions. Unfortunately, large companies often support thousands of individual applications, and the data necessary for financial reporting is scattered across these applications. As applications and data proliferate, companies must link together the applications and systems, often using spreadsheets and expending significant amounts of time in manual data entry and manipulation. This manual work is slow, expensive, and error prone and lacks useful business insights. Also, the employees who must perform these tasks are often overwhelmed and unsatisfied with the mundane work. …

Mountain Men Reveal Yellowstone: Observations Of Daniel Potts, Warren Ferris, And Osborne Russell In The 1820s And 1830s, Jay H. Buckley, Nathan Benavidez

Faculty Publications

As Yellowstone National Park celebrates its 150th anniversary as the first such park in the world, it is fascinating to rediscover the records of mountain men and and that the same features that enthrall modern visitors captivated them as well. “Sonder” is the realization that other people with whom we share the mortal coil have lived lives just as complex and wonderous as our own. Americans can no better appreciate this than when they stand in Yellowstone National Park today and marvel at the same grandeur mountain men witnessed two hundred years ago.

Psycholinguistic Profiling Of Children With Sluggish Cognitive Tempo, Kirsten M. Russell, Sean M. Redmond, Andrea C. Ash

Faculty Publications

Language disorders are frequently comorbid with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT),a second attention disorder, may potentially explain some of the links between language disorders and ADHD. In this study we examined the psycholinguistic abilities of 207 children (mean age 7;10) with and without clinically significant levels of SCT symptoms to determine the degree to which symptoms of language disorder co-occur in cases of SCT. Analyses of children’s tense-marking, nonword repetition, and sentence recall indicated that deficits in these areas were not associated with SCT. Instead, SCT appears to be more closely aligned with features of social (pragmatic) …

Representation Of Race And Ethnicity In Counseling And Counseling Psychology Journals, Jared M. Hawkins, Roy A. Bean, Timothy B. Smith, Jonathan G. Sandberg

Faculty Publications

Whereas previous literature reviews have concluded that people of color are underrepresented in psychological literature, the fields of counseling and counseling psychology have taken a clear affirmative stance with respect to human diversity. This study sought to evaluate the representation of people of color in four key journals across the 2000-2019 timespan: The Counseling Psychologist, Journal of Counseling Psychology, Journal of Counseling & Development, and Counselling Psychology Quarterly. Journal articles were coded for several variables, including focus on racial/ethnic minority (REM) groups and article content topics. Results indicated that 757 (26.3%) of the articles were coded REM-focused. Of …