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2022

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Evaluating The Impact Of Video Based Instruction And Immediate Feedback On The Performance Of Three Gross Motor Skills For Participants With Down Syndrome, Alyssa Gadberry Jan 2022

Evaluating The Impact Of Video Based Instruction And Immediate Feedback On The Performance Of Three Gross Motor Skills For Participants With Down Syndrome, Alyssa Gadberry

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of video based instruction combined with immediate visual feedback on the performance of three different gross motor skills for children with Down Syndrome (DS). The participants in this study are two children with DS. They were selected for this study based upon these qualifying factors: enrolled in a moderate/severe special day class, enrolled in a title one school, have Down syndrome and displayed deficits in gross motor abilities based upon the administration of the Total Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3) assessment. The research design is a multiple baseline design where three …

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The Effects Of Video Modeling And Video Feedback On Object Control Skills For Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Miguel Pelayo Jan 2022

The Effects Of Video Modeling And Video Feedback On Object Control Skills For Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Miguel Pelayo

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of video modeling combined with immediate video feedback on the performance of object control skills used in the game of basketball for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Two male students aged 12 and 13, who had a previous diagnosis of ASD and attended a middle school in Northern California were recruited for this study. A multiple baseline across behaviors single case design was used to determine the impact of the interventions on the performance of the basketball skills. Results from this study suggest that the combined use of video …

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Investigation Of Individualistic Behavior In Astyanax Mexicanus Reveals Evolutionary Divergent Patterns Among Surface And Cave Conspecifics, Jannatul Begum Jan 2022

Investigation Of Individualistic Behavior In Astyanax Mexicanus Reveals Evolutionary Divergent Patterns Among Surface And Cave Conspecifics, Jannatul Begum

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

A conserved and important form of variability within and across species is behavioral individuality or the inter-individual variation in behavioral responses to similar stimuli. Although there is extensive research on the neurobiological basis of individuality, little is known about how individualistic behaviors are imposed on the brain and the mechanisms by which they change through evolution. A considerable impediment to addressing this question has been the lack of a suitable model organism with naturally occurring differences in behavior and physiology which can be manipulated experientially. Astyanax mexicanus is an emerging vertebrate model in evolutionary biology comprising two same-species morphological types. …

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Novel Context Exposure Enhances Object Recognition Memory: Assessing Involvement Of Norepinephrine Neurotransmission, Eleonora Lurie Jan 2022

Novel Context Exposure Enhances Object Recognition Memory: Assessing Involvement Of Norepinephrine Neurotransmission, Eleonora Lurie

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

Long-term memories are encoded within the hippocampus, but some are quickly forgotten. Brief exposure of mice to a novel context following encoding of object memory significantly enhances consolidation of the object memory. The memory-enhancing effect of post-training novelty may rely on locus coeruleus tyrosine-hydroxylase expressing neurons which co-release norepinephrine and dopamine in the hippocampus. To test the contribution of norepinephrine to this novelty effect, mice received propranolol, a synthetic beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist (10 mg/kg), to block norepinephrine or 0.9% saline as a control post-training. Pre-novel context exposure and object memory was tested 24 hr later. Results revealed that propranolol did …

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Predicting Happiness On Twitter, Scott Bush Jan 2022

Predicting Happiness On Twitter, Scott Bush

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

The Hedonometer analyzes Twitter data using human evaluations of happiness to give a happiness score for a given day. The goal of this study was to be able to predict the Hedonometer’s happiness score for a given day using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC). Using a sample of over 15 million Tweets gathered from Archive.org’s Twitter Stream Grab, the positive emotion dictionary of the LIWC was able to predict happiness on an independent sample, R2 = .57, p < .001. When adding seven additional LIWC dictionaries and using lasso regression, predictive power improved, R2 = .85, p < .001. This reveals that different language analysis metrics may also be able to reveal positivity and happiness within the population of Twitter.

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The Effects Of Rain And Temperature On The Reproductive Success Of Three Sea Turtle Species, Octavio Gonzalez Jan 2022

The Effects Of Rain And Temperature On The Reproductive Success Of Three Sea Turtle Species, Octavio Gonzalez

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

All sea turtles are oviparous and rely on building nest to successfully pass on their offspring. The nest’s conditions and temperature play a vital role in the hatchling biology of the egg. In particular, incubation temperature is the main factor for sex determination in all sea turtles. Similarly, rainfall can have major effects on the topography of the nest which can directly affect the hatchlings emergence success. In rare cases, too much rainfall can be deadly for eggs. Considering the drastic effects that climate change rising temperatures and weather variability may have on sea turtles’ hatchling, in this thesis I …

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Empathy Deficits In Psychopathy: A Predictor Or Mediator Of Criminal Behavior, Karla Martinez Ochoa Jan 2022

Empathy Deficits In Psychopathy: A Predictor Or Mediator Of Criminal Behavior, Karla Martinez Ochoa

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

It is no secret that individuals with antisocial or psychopathic traits experience affective deficits and tend to lead dysfunctional lifestyles such as breaking the law. However, the extent to which callous-unemotional traits can act as a driving force of said dysfunctional lifestyles is poorly understood. The first objective of this literature analysis is to examine the overall effect of empathic deficits as a predictor or mediator of violent offenses in people with psychopathic characteristics. Also explored is the generalizability of this relation to non-offender populations with psychopathy. The last section of this paper encompasses a review of current treatment models …

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A Review Of Covid-19 Induced Taste And Smell Dysfunction Including Prevalence, Prognosis, Diagnosis And A Possible Route To The Brain, Delsin Pillay Jan 2022

A Review Of Covid-19 Induced Taste And Smell Dysfunction Including Prevalence, Prognosis, Diagnosis And A Possible Route To The Brain, Delsin Pillay

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

SARS-CoV-2 is a viral pathogen that causes a disease termed coronavirus disease 2019. In December of 2019 the virus spread all over the world, causing a global pandemic. The disease mostly affects the respiratory system and common symptoms include fever, dry cough, labored breathing, and others. Among the other symptoms something noteworthy was found; COVID-19 caused olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in some affected individuals. The mechanisms relating to olfactory and gustatory dysfunction can shed light on the pathology of SARS-CoV-2 and how it uses the body to proliferate. This thesis will explore the prevalence, diagnosis, and prognosis of olfactory and …

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Asexual Reproduction Of Native And Non-Native Species Of Milkweed In Variant Soil Conditions, Jessica Elizabeth Young Jan 2022

Asexual Reproduction Of Native And Non-Native Species Of Milkweed In Variant Soil Conditions, Jessica Elizabeth Young

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

Milkweeds (genus Asclepias) are the host plants for caterpillar stages of milkweed butterflies (subfamily Danianae), notably the monarch butterfly, Danaius plexippus (Linnaeus). Loss of suitable habitat and host plants threaten monarch populations. For my thesis research, I examined artificial propagation of milkweed plants, specifically the effects of three different soil substrates and exposure to hormone powder on the survival rates of cuttings from two milkweed species, A. tuberosa rolfsii and A. curassavica. Fifty-four cuttings of each species were transplanted to substrates of a mixture of peat moss and perlite, only peat moss, and potting soil. Half of each of the …

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The Function Of Rcl1 In Eye Degeneration In The Blind Mexican Cavefish Astyanax Mexicanus, Ari Aviles Jan 2022

The Function Of Rcl1 In Eye Degeneration In The Blind Mexican Cavefish Astyanax Mexicanus, Ari Aviles

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

Uncovering the genetic and regulatory mechanisms driving the formation of organs is essential to understand how these complex structures form, lending insight to developmental aberrations from disease or deficiencies. The blind Mexican cavefish Astyanax mexicanus can be utilized to study the development of the visual system, including the eye. Previously identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) were aligned to the Astyanax genome, and subsequently used to encounter genes related to the selective regression of eyes in cave populations, which ultimately identified the gene RNA terminal phosphate cyclase-like 1 (Rcl1) for further study. To examine the function of this gene in vivo, …

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Evolutionary Differences In Neuropeptide Signaling Between Surface And Cave Morphotypes May Contribute To Behavioral Differences In A. Mexicanus, Alexia L. Cree_Newman Jan 2022

Evolutionary Differences In Neuropeptide Signaling Between Surface And Cave Morphotypes May Contribute To Behavioral Differences In A. Mexicanus, Alexia L. Cree_Newman

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

The Mexican cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus, exists as a surface-dwelling form and multiple cave-dwelling populations that have converged on a series of behavioral and morphological changes. Previous studies identifying differences in hypothalamic neuropeptides in cave populations compared to surface fish call for further investigation of neuropeptides within the cavefish hypothalamus. Galanin is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that has been implicated in multiple behaviors across the teleost genus and has yet to be investigated in A. mexicanus. This study aimed to label and quantify galanin in the brain of 6 dpf Pachón cavefish and surface fish. The number of galanin-positive neurons in the …

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Effect Of Omega-3 Supplementation In Asian Dhole (Cuon Alpinus Lepturus) And African Wild Dogs (Lycaon Pictus) On Indicators Of Allergies, Aaron Caudill Jan 2022

Effect Of Omega-3 Supplementation In Asian Dhole (Cuon Alpinus Lepturus) And African Wild Dogs (Lycaon Pictus) On Indicators Of Allergies, Aaron Caudill

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

The Asian Dholes and the African Wild Dogs at Zoo Miami have shown clinical signs of severe allergies, such as hotspots (patches of inflammation), excessive scratching, and ear irritation over the last few years. The goal of this study was evaluate whether food supplements high in the omega-3 fatty-acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) could reduce these symptoms, as has been found for domestic dogs. Based on the total itching observations per subject, a trend in improvement was seen in African Wild Dogs, while no significant effect was observed in Asian Dholes. Data analysis performed in Fall 2021 …

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Repatriation Wars: The Political Culture And Ideological Conflict Within Un Pow Camps During The Korean War, Madison A. Brockelbank Jan 2022

Repatriation Wars: The Political Culture And Ideological Conflict Within Un Pow Camps During The Korean War, Madison A. Brockelbank

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

During the Korean War, POWs within UN POW camps participated in riots and mass-demonstrations, as anxieties over repatriation increased. Not all POWs who were against repatriation were against Communism and not all POWs who wanted repatriation were radical Communists. However, almost all Chinese and Koreans living in post-World War II East Asia during this period experienced increasing pressure to pick a side. The US, North Korea, South Korea, China, and Taiwan all manipulated the POWs’ fight over repatriation to support specific ideologies and legitimize new regimes. Regardless of whether a POW was ideologically motivated, the POW issue was definitely a …

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Underwater 3-Dimensional Videogrammetry Methods And Analysis Optimization, Elizabeth Cohen Jan 2022

Underwater 3-Dimensional Videogrammetry Methods And Analysis Optimization, Elizabeth Cohen

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

3-dimensional (3-D) models made from video recordings are a relatively novel method for mapping and quantifying surface areas of objects. Photos extracted from video and aligned in sequence allow an increase of usable information when compared to discrete photos. The applications of 3-D videogrammetry in this thesis are extremely useful in the tracking of surface areas of living, healthy coral tissue on stony mounding or bouldering corals on reefs. However, during 3-D model generation, errors occasionally develop such as visual distortions or failure to scale accurately. Therefore, an analysis of the accuracy of a 3-D photogrammetry process was conducted. A …

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Screening For Novel Small Molecule Binders Of Rna Repeat Expansions, Isabela Caiado De Oliveira Jan 2022

Screening For Novel Small Molecule Binders Of Rna Repeat Expansions, Isabela Caiado De Oliveira

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

RNA performs a number of vital roles in the human cell, such as turning genetic information into proteins in the human body and gene regulation via numerous mechanisms. Therefore, its malfunction may lead to severe diseases such as Huntington’s disease or Myotonic Dystrophy type 1. Huntington’s disease is a rare neurodegenerative disease most likely inherited, and it is caused by the trinucleotide repeat expansion r(CAG)exp in the huntingtin gene (HTT). Myotonic dystrophy type 1 is an untreatable neuromuscular disorder caused by the trinucleotide repeat expansion r(CUG)exp. The biology of healthy or disease-infected cells is usually determined by RNA structures, which …

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The Effect Of Firm-Size On Financial Metrics And Returns, Seth Dixon Jan 2022

The Effect Of Firm-Size On Financial Metrics And Returns, Seth Dixon

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

The small-firm effect is a well-researched topic that defies fundamental financial market theory. Though there are many studies on presence of the small-firm effect, few investigate the reasoning behind it. This study tests 577 stocks in 2019 to determine if the small-firm effect can be explained by differences in financial metrics commonly used by investors. Though we find that market capitalization has an inverse relationship with asset turnover, market capitalization has a positive and negative relationship, respectively, with return on assets and cash conversion cycle. We find that revenue growth, free cash flow growth, return on assets, and market capitalization …

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Synthesis Of Fmoc-Gly-Val Phosphinic Pseudodipeptide Building Block For Production Of Triple-Helical Peptide Inhibitors Of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 And -9, Michael H. Deutsch Jan 2022

Synthesis Of Fmoc-Gly-Val Phosphinic Pseudodipeptide Building Block For Production Of Triple-Helical Peptide Inhibitors Of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 And -9, Michael H. Deutsch

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

Capable of reshaping the extracellular matrix, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are of enormous consequence to human health. The pathologies of cancers and diseases of the skeletal, central nervous, and cardiovascular systems often owe to the overactivity of MMPs. While efforts to produce therapeutic inhibitors have been largely unsuccessful, triple-helical peptide inhibitors (THPIs) of MMPs show tremendous potential. The synthesis of phosphinic pseudodipeptide building blocks needed for THPIs is entirely replicable and convenient. Here we replicate a crucial step in the synthesis, the cascade bis-deprotection, and formation of Fmoc-amine. The procedure’s feasibility is demonstrated through a 77% yield of the Fmoc-Gly-Val phosphinic …

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Factors Of Voter Turnout: Effects Of Habit, Social Pressure, And Gerrymandering On Voting Behavior, Aubrie Gibbons Jan 2022

Factors Of Voter Turnout: Effects Of Habit, Social Pressure, And Gerrymandering On Voting Behavior, Aubrie Gibbons

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

Voter turnout is an essential metric for the health of a democracy; however, our nation has a particularly low rate of voter turnout. This thesis explores the relationship between turnout and three factors that may affect it: voting habit, social pressure, and gerrymandering. In an effort to understand and boost turnout, political scientists have studied whether gerrymandering may decrease turnout by lowering voter efficacy and confidence. While evidence for this theory remains unclear, studies of the formation of voting habit and effects of social influence imply that turnout efforts with a normative approach may be more effective in raising voter …

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Economic Boom To Bust: Causes Behind Economic Stagnation In Japan, Silvano Krecklau Jan 2022

Economic Boom To Bust: Causes Behind Economic Stagnation In Japan, Silvano Krecklau

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

Japan’s post-world war efforts to rehabilitate the economy led to global economic success well into the early 1990s. To revitalize the economy, Japan necessarily utilized limited trade restrictions and fixed exchange rates imposed by the U.S. to take international trade by surprise. Although economic performance proved to be prosperous for nearly three decades, prolonged economic stagnation appeared in the early 1990s and continued for a decade. As a result of stagnation, economic growth was drastically reduced, and deflationary periods were sparked. This paper aims to identify the underlying causes of stagnation in the Japanese economy. In doing so, I will …

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State-Level Covid-19 Vaccine Mandates: A Constitutional Analysis, Hillary Moran Jan 2022

State-Level Covid-19 Vaccine Mandates: A Constitutional Analysis, Hillary Moran

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

The coronavirus pandemic has upended our daily lives, especially regarding our civil liberties. With the development of a vaccine, many Americans are concerned about the possibility of vaccine mandates. Regardless of whether states should implement these mandates, the first question that needs to be answered is whether they can. Although the Supreme Court’s recent National Federation of Independent Business v. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration decision put an end to a vaccine mandate implemented through OSHA’s workplace safety standards, the possibility of state level mandates remains. Although there have been legal challenges to localized mandates, it is …

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The Resurgence Of Forced Sterilizations Of Migrant Women In The United States And The Lack Of Change, Julia P. Latchana Jan 2022

The Resurgence Of Forced Sterilizations Of Migrant Women In The United States And The Lack Of Change, Julia P. Latchana

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

Female sterilization is a medical procedure used to prevent pregnancy. Historically, women from disadvantaged socio-ethnic backgrounds in the United States have been sterilized at rates disproportionate to their numbers. For instance, a recent resurgence of forced sterilizations of migrant women has come to light. I will discuss how the concepts of fit vs. unfit that informed early anthropological theories and scientific racism describe why women in particular are targeted for reproductive control. Though these theories are now thoroughly discredited in anthropology, their lasting impacts still carry weight in modern-day policymaking. Current migrant laws and reproductive control of women, continue to …

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Semi-Automation Of Mitochondrial Morphology Analysis In Drosophila Brain Scans, Ashlee Li Jan 2022

Semi-Automation Of Mitochondrial Morphology Analysis In Drosophila Brain Scans, Ashlee Li

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

Mitochondrial dysfunction is the core of several neurodegenerative diseases that include Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Frontotemporal Lobe Dementia (FTD), and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). One strategy to understand these diseases is to analyze the geometry of mitochondria in different neuron types: motor (ALS) and brain neurons (FTD/AD). A bottleneck in assessing the quality of mitochondria in healthy versus ALS/FTD/AD flies was performing image analysis on hundreds of microscope images. In this project, we developed a program to automate this tedious process. We collaborated with the Ron Davis Laboratory at Scripps Florida, using the fruit fly, Drosophila, as the model organism. We …

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Red Imported Fire Ants (Solenopsis Invicta) Infesting American Alligator (Alligator Mississippiensis) Nests, Ashley Osuna Jan 2022

Red Imported Fire Ants (Solenopsis Invicta) Infesting American Alligator (Alligator Mississippiensis) Nests, Ashley Osuna

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

The red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) is known for its impacts on Florida wildlife; hatchlings of ground-nesting herpetofauna are particularly vulnerable. This study examined factors correlated with fire ant infestation of American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) nests. We were particularly interested in determining whether having floating nests afforded any protection from these ants. We surveyed ants on 24 alligator nests at Orange Lake located in Alachua County, Florida, using tuna baits left for ~2h. We found S. invicta was the most commonly observed species at nests, present at 12 of the 24 nests. There was no significant difference in the …

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An Indefinite Punishment After Justice Has Been Served: Jones V. Governor Of Florida Is A Fundamentally Flawed Decision, Alexandra Russo Jan 2022

An Indefinite Punishment After Justice Has Been Served: Jones V. Governor Of Florida Is A Fundamentally Flawed Decision, Alexandra Russo

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

The right to vote is a fundamental part of a representative democracy. As of 2020, 48 states have laws limiting a felon’s participation in the franchise, resulting in 5.2 million United States citizens being unable to vote. In 2018, Florida passed Amendment 4 with a 65% popular vote, allowing felons to be re-enfranchised after the terms of their sentence are completed. In 2019, the state enacted a law defining “terms of the sentence” to include court costs and fees, barring indigent felons from regaining their constitutional right. In Jones v. Governor of Florida, Judge Pryor upheld this law. I critically …

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Targeting Health Care Inequalities Among Racial And Ethnic Minorities In The United States, Rami Radwan Jan 2022

Targeting Health Care Inequalities Among Racial And Ethnic Minorities In The United States, Rami Radwan

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

Statistics within different modes of health care suggest that inequalities exist between differing racial and ethnic subgroups, with some groups experiencing higher rates of positive health care outcomes as opposed to others. This thesis is a review of different sectors of health care and focuses to determine rates of inequalities between treatment of patients, rates of incidence among disseminating groups and focuses on representation of ethnic and racial minorities and to better illuminate how these problems affect people’s lives. It was found that discrepancies exist between the health care outcomes and incidence between Non-Hispanic White and Asian populations versus Non-Hispanic …

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Altruistic Behavior Amoung Captive Chimpanzees, Esha Ranaweera Jan 2022

Altruistic Behavior Amoung Captive Chimpanzees, Esha Ranaweera

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

Altruism plays an essential role in maintaining cooperative societies. From September 2021 to January 2022, I studied a group of seven chimpanzees (two males and five females) living in Lion Country Safari, recording acts of altruism related to grooming, food and water sharing, and border patrol. I found males on average both gave and received more grooming sessions. Among the few food and water sharing events I observed, males-males sharing was the most common. The two males performed almost all the border patrol. Altruistic behaviors among chimpanzees help bind their social groups in ways analogous to the human behaviors.

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The Science Of Food Addiction, Prisca Sanford Jan 2022

The Science Of Food Addiction, Prisca Sanford

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

Food addiction has become a critical concern that has reached pandemic proportions throughout the entire world and especially in America. Due to this condition, many diseases and deaths have occurred; however, this issue does not garner as much attention as necessary despite its seriousness and impact on individuals. This is due to how the condition is viewed, diagnosed, and treated. The mechanism of action of food addiction is homogenous with other forms of addiction, but differences in treatment options remain at issue. Diagnosis and treatment for food addiction, a psychological disorder must fall in line with treatment protocols of other …

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The Genetics Of Atherosclerosis And Coronary Artery Disease, Craig Stridinger Jan 2022

The Genetics Of Atherosclerosis And Coronary Artery Disease, Craig Stridinger

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

Atherosclerosis is a disease characterized by plaque lesion formation in arteries resulting in the narrowing and hardening of the vessel. This process causes a restriction in blood flow and can lead to further complications including the development of coronary artery disease, heart disease, and myocardial infarction. For many years, atherosclerosis was thought to be a disease resulting from hypercholesterolemia, but it is now known that the inflammatory process is a greater contributor to the pathogenesis of the disease. Numerous genes have been identified that play a role in the development of atherosclerosis, and novel therapeutics are being developed to treat …

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The Influence Of Athlete Protests In American Society, Corey Sturgis Jan 2022

The Influence Of Athlete Protests In American Society, Corey Sturgis

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

On September 1st, 2016, 49ers star Quarterback, Colin Kaepernick made the decision to kneel during the national anthem. His actions immediately sparked political polarization as many NFL executives, along with US President Donald Trump, viewed his demonstration as a complete betrayal to his country, while others felt that his actions were strongly needed to help bring national attention to continued racial injustices in America. Many people were appalled by his actions and believe it was a new response intended to promote the Black Lives Matter Movement, failing to realize the historical significance of how athletes and activism intersect. This thesis …

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The Focus Of Non-Military Threats: Biodefense And The Redefining Of National Security, Javier Suarez Jan 2022

The Focus Of Non-Military Threats: Biodefense And The Redefining Of National Security, Javier Suarez

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2020 - Present

National security is not an easily defined concept. Over time, technological advances, globalization, and climate change have changed our perceptions of national security and how we approach policies to effectively contain potential hazards. This work aims to examine the emergence of zoonotic disease and the implications climate change has on humans and animals, the theories of international relations and their usefulness in formulating strategy, and why biodefense measures should be made priority in national security policy.

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