Digital Commons Network^™

The Intercomparison Of Wind Profiles From Various Ground-Based Profiling Systems, Preston Pangle

Theses

Dense profiling networks that have been used in previous studies have utilized a variety of wind profilers (radar wind profilers, Doppler sodars, Doppler lidars, and scanning radars) to capture boundary layer (BL) heterogeneity. The many profilers that are used not only implement different retrieval schemes, but also have differing sample volumes and beam widths. Because these systems can have different footprints and even different temporal averaging, some of these systems may not capture small-scale or short period horizontal variations across the BL. Utilizing data that is routinely collected by Mobile Atmospheric Profiling Network (MAPNet) platforms at the Severe Weather Institute …

Opioid Medication Use And Blood Dna Methylation: Epigenome-Wide Association Meta-Analysis, Mikyeong Lee, Roby Joehanes, Daniel L. Mccartney, Minjung Kho, Anke Hüls, Annah B. Wyss, Chunyu Liu, Rosie M. Walker, Sharon L.R. Kardia, Thomas S. Wingo, Adam Burkholder, Jiantao Ma, Archie Campbell, Aliza P. Wingo, Tianxiao Huan, Sinjini Sikdar, Amena Keshawarz, David A. Bennett, Jennifer A. Smith, Kathryn L. Evans, Daniel Levy, Stephanie J. London

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

Aim: To identify differential methylation related to prescribed opioid use. Methods: This study examined whether blood DNA methylation, measured using Illumina arrays, differs by recent opioid medication use in four population-based cohorts. We meta-analyzed results (282 users; 10,560 nonusers) using inverse-variance weighting. Results: Differential methylation (false discovery rate <0.05) was observed at six CpGs annotated to the following genes: KIAA0226, CPLX2, TDRP, RNF38, TTC23 and GPR179. Integrative epigenomic analyses linked implicated loci to regulatory elements in blood and/or brain. Additionally, 74 CpGs were differentially methylated in males or females. Methylation at significant CpGs correlated with gene expression in blood and/or brain. Conclusion: This study identified DNA …

Realizing Diversity, Sustainability, And Stakeholder Capitalism, Peter H. Huang

Publications

Stakeholder capitalism conceives of capitalism with companies maximizing their long-term value, while considering in addition to the interests of their shareholders, also the interests of all their other stakeholders. Examples of such additional stakeholders include customers, employees, communities, creditors, competitors, society at large, and our planet. America today does not have stakeholder capitalism. Instead, America presently has shareholder capitalism, in which publicly held corporations only maximize their stock value to shareholders.

This Essay analyzes proposals for the United States Securities Exchange Commission to require that all reporting companies make periodic mandatory Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosures of comparable, standardized, …

Disaster Vulnerability, Lisa Grow, Brigham Daniels, Douglas M. Spencer, Chantel Sloan, Natalie Blades, Teresa Gomez

Publications

Vulnerability drives disaster law, yet the literature lacks both an overarching analysis of the different aspects of vulnerability and a nuanced examination of the factors that shape disaster outcomes. Though central to disaster law and policy, vulnerability often lurks in the shadows of a disaster, evident only once the worst is past and the bodies have been counted. The COVID-19 pandemic is a notable exception to this historical pattern: from the beginning of the pandemic, it has been clear that the virus poses different risks to different people, depending on vulnerability variables. This most recent pandemic experience thus provides a …

Roundtable Two: Environmental Law Education: New Techniques In The Classroom And Beyond, Lincoln Davies, Karrigan Bork, Sarah Krakoff

Publications

No abstract provided.

Identity By Committee, Scott Skinner-Thompson

Publications

Even in school districts with relatively permissive approaches to defining and embodying gender, the identities of transgender and gender variant students are often governed by complex regulatory protocols. Ensuring that a student is able to live their gender at school can involve input from a host of purported stakeholders including medical providers, mental health professionals, school administrators, the student’s parents, and even the broader community. In essence, trans and gender variant students’ identities are governed by committee, which reduces students’ control over their lives, inhibits self-determination, constricts the scope of permissible gender identities, subjects them to incredible degrees of state …

Quantum Technology And Human Rights: An Agenda For Collaboration, Vivek Krishnamurthy

Publications

Quantum technologies have the potential to transform many aspects of our lives as they come into wider use, but how do we ensure that these technologies promote human rights instead of harming them? This article will draw lessons from our collective experience in managing the human rights impacts of internet technologies to help the quantum science and technology community build and develop technologies that respect and promote the fundamental rights of all people.

Abuelos Y Abuelas: The Role Of Grandparents In The Lives Of Latino Lgbtq+ Youth, Abigail Ottaway

Undergraduate Student Research Awards

No abstract provided.

The Derring Effect: Deliberate Errors Enhance Learning, Sarah Shi Hui Wong, Stephen Wee Hun Lim

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

How can we strategically and systematically learn from our errors? Over their long history, errors have traditionally been prevented entirely or, at best, permitted to occur spontaneously. Across three experiments, we tested and found evidence for a counterintuitive phenomenon that we termed the derring effect—deliberately committing errors even when one already knows the correct answers produces superior learning than avoiding them, particularly when one’s errors are corrected. Learners engaged in an educationally relevant task of learning scientific term-definition concepts via open-book study by deliberately generating conceptually incorrect definitions with or without correction, or copying and underlining them (Experiment 1). On …

A Review Of The Alien Fishes Of Turkish Inland Waters, Erdoğan Çi̇çek, Soheil Eagderi, Sevi̇l Sungur

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Aquaculture, recreational fishing, restocking, biological control, and the ornamental fish trade have increased the number of nonnative fish in Turkish inland waters. This work reviews the history, current state, and tendencies of fish introductions into Turkish freshwaters. To date, it is known that a total of 34 exotic species (except two marine and three misidentified species) have been introduced deliberately or accidentally into Turkish inland waters, of which, only 19 species have been established in wild ecosystems. A total of five acclimatized species, viz. Coregonus lavaretus, C. macrophthalmus, Salmo salar, Salvelinus alpinus, and S. fontinalis and four species, viz. Hypophthalmichthys …

Length-Weight Relationships Of 28 Fish Species Caught From Demersal Trawl Survey In Themiddle Black Sea, Turkey, Murat Dağteki̇n, Yaşar Genç, Nazli Kasapoğlu, Gökhan Eri̇k, Devri̇m Seli̇m Misir, Sali̇h İlhan, Meltem Ok, Cemi̇l Altuntaş, Uğur Özsandikçi, Ferhat Büyükdeveci̇, Tuğba Kaya, Ayşe Cebeci̇, Asi̇ye Nur Saltan, Ati̇la Haşi̇moğlu, Şi̇ri̇n Fi̇ri̇di̇n

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study provides updated the length-weight relationships and Fulton's condition factor of 28 fish species belonging to 23 families from the Black Sea. Samples were collected along the depths between 0-100 meters by demersal trawl surveys conducted seasonally from May 2017 to September 2019. A total of 83,885 specimens were collected. The length-weight relationships and Fulton's condition factor, minimum, maximum and mean lengths, total weights, descriptive statistics, and growth type were provided for all the species. The results indicate that LWR parameters of b varied from 2.2039 to 3.737 and Fulton's condition factor varied between 0.004 and 1.18. These findings …

Fish Biodiversity In Zhanjiang Mangroves National Nature Reserve, China, Juan Lei, Yongyan Liao, Wei Tang, Dong Xie, Teng Wang, Wen Xiong, Peter A. Bowler

Turkish Journal of Zoology

China's mangroves provide important habitat for many endangered fish species, but, there has been little research upon the diversity and the distribution of fish species within mangroves habitats. To compile an inventory of fish fauna in this field, a total of 14 ichthyological surveys were conducted in Zhanjiang Mangrove during different seasons between August 2016 and December 2019. A total of 208 fish species have identified belonging to 18 orders, 69 families and 142 genera from Zhanjiang Mangroves National Nature Reserve, the largest mangrove habitat in China. Of these 17 species are listed as threatened species in the IUCN Red …

Molecular And Otolith Shape Analyses Of Scorpaena Spp. In The Turkish Seas, Serdar Yedi̇er, Derya Bostanci

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study aims to investigate the discrimination and the phylogenetic relationship of five Scorpaena species (S. elongata, S. maderensis, S. notata, S. porcus, and S. scrofa), sampled from eight locations in the four seas (Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea, Black Sea, and Sea of Marmara) in Turkey, using both molecular and otolith shape analyses. Totally, 1360 samples were examined for otolith shape analyses, and 51 of them were also used in the molecular analysis (COI sequences, 652 bp). Eighteen haplotypes were determined in the 5 species of the genus Scorpaena; 3 haplotypes for S. elongata, S. maderensis and S. scrofa, 4 …

Marine Mucilage In The Sea Of Marmara And Its Effects On The Marine Ecosystem: Mass Deaths, Uğur Karadurmuş, Mustafa Sari

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In April of 2021, there was a massive explosion of marine mucilage in the Sea of Marmara, as a result, many invertebrates of marine communities suffered mass mortality. We summarize our results about the devastating effect of mucilage bloom on mass deaths in the Sea of Marmara. The phenomena were lethal to the pelagic fishes and crustaceans, and individuals were impacted severely smothered by mucilage or anoxia. Mucilage accumulations have shown their effectiveness in many areas around the Kapıdağ Peninsula. Misakça, Şirinçavuş, Narlı, and Tatlısu regions, where mass death cases occurred, were selected as study areas, and these areas are …

Earthworm Community Structure Along Altitudinal Gradients On The Western Slopes Ofkopaonik Mountain In Serbia, Filip Popovic, Mirjana Stojanovic, Slobodanka Radosavljevic, Tanja Trakic, Jovana Sekulic

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The aim of this study is to examine the altitudinal patterns of earthworm community structure at different habitat types on the western slopes of Kopaonik Mountain. In total, 30 plots between 420 and 1950 m a.s.l. were sampled within two years' fieldwork. Overall, 27 earthworm taxa belonging to 11 genera were found at the study sites. A combination of Pearson's correlation, polynomial regression, and cluster analysis (UPGMA) was used for determining the effects of altitude on the earthworm community structure. The earthworm abundance and species richness monotonically decreased with the increase in altitude, showing a significant negative correlation. Cluster analysis …

Density, Diversity, And Seasonal Fluctuations In Soil Collembola In Three Differentlymanaged Ecosystems In North Khorasan, Iran, Mahmood Mehrafrooz Mayvan, Hussein Sadeghi Namaghi, Masoumeh Shayanmehr, Penelope Greenslade, Grant Palmer

Turkish Journal of Zoology

We examined the density, diversity, and seasonal fluctuation of soil inhabiting Collembola in different ecosystems: agricultural, rangeland, and forest ecosystems in the North Khorasan province of Iran from June 2018 to May 2019. The sampling program was conducted monthly on the three sites. Density was measured on the number of individuals per square meter. Species diversity was calculated using Shannon?Wiener index, Simpson?s diversity, and species richness by Rarefaction method. Fifty-three species belonging to 42 genera and 17 families were collected and identified. The density of Collembola in the forest was higher than in either rangeland or agroecosystem. Highest densities were …

Hematological Status Of Avian Species Along A Metal Pollution Gradient At Sialkot, Pakistan, Ajmal Shehzad, Khalid Mahmood Anjum, Atif Yaqub, Muhammad Zubair Yousaf, Sarwr Allah Ditta, Junaid Naseer

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The concentration of metals and effects of these metals on hematological parameters were examined in avian species by using feathers and blood samples collected from different sites of Sialkot. The major reason for significant differences in hematological parameters and concentrations of metal contents between different species was the difference in feeding habitat. Metal concentrations in feathers and blood samples indicated that the chromium and lead were not found at a safe level. The results did not revealed a significant negative association between metal contents and hematological parameters but concluded that increased metal contents exert negative effects on hematological status especially …

Effects Of Ni (Ii) P-Hydroxybenzoate With Caffeine On Metabolic, Antioxidant, Andbiochemical Parameters Of Model Insect Galleria Mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Serkan Sugeçti̇, Kemal Büyükgüzel

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Many insecticides used against pests cause environmental pollution. Therefore, it is very important to develop new alternative strategies to toxic insecticides. In this study, the physiological and biochemical effects of Ni (II) p-hydroxybenzoate with caffeine on the model insect Galleria mellonella were investigated. In the present study, transferase enzyme activities such as alanine transferase, aspartate transferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase, which regulate amino acid metabolism, were altered in hemolymph of G. mellonella larvae exposed to Ni (II) p-hydroxybenzoate with caffeine. In addition, the activities of metabolic enzymes such as creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and amylase increased in hemolymph of G. mellonella …

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Zoology

No abstract provided.

Androgenic Hormones In Crustacean Aquaculture: A Review, Muzaffer Mustafa Harlioğlu, Ardavan Farhadi̇

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Increased demands of the seafood market have led to the rapid growth in crustacean aquaculture production in various parts of the world. Therefore, an expansion in the knowledge of the reproductive biology of crustaceans has become more important. Hormones released from the androgenic gland (AG) in crustaceans are liable for both the separation of primary and secondary sexual features and reproductive behavior. AG removal in male crustaceans causes a transformation of the intersex animals towards the females and a degeneration of spermatids and reproductive organs. AG implantation and injection of AG extracts are common approaches for crustacean masculinization. In this …

Oxygen Consumption Rates And Respiratory Carbon Losses In Three Species Of Copepods(Acartia Clausi, Calanus Helgolandicus And Limnocalanus Macrurus) During Starvation, Leonid Svetlichny, Maiju Lehtiniemi, Outi Setälä, Anne-Mari Lehto, Larysa Samchyshyna, Yulia Gromova, Melek İşi̇ni̇bi̇li̇r Okyar, Ezgi̇ Emi̇ş Türkeri̇, Kami̇l Mert Eryalçin, Gülşah Can Kayadelen, Ahmet Erkan Kideyş

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Calanoid copepods with different life cycle strategies demonstrate varied velocity in the utilization of energy resources during starvation. This study analyzes the influence of multiday starvation on the rate of total, basal and active energy metabolism in adult females of two Marmara Sea and one Baltic Sea species of copepods; epiplanktonic Acartia clausi unable to accumulate lipid reserves and mesoplanktonic Calanus helgolandicus with minor lipid reserves in the oil sac (approximately 7% of body volume) and the Baltic Sea copepod Limnocalanus macrurus in quasi-diapausing state with large lipid reserves in the oil sac (approximately 19% of body volume). Initially, total …

Dynamics Of A Western Anatolian Population Of Natrix Natrix And Natrix Tessellata(Serpentes: Natricidae), Yusuf Bayrakci, Di̇nçer Ayaz

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Due to their secretive nature, snakes are the most challenging animal group for monitoring. Nevertheless, population size estimates are indispensable to accurately determining conservation status and management strategies. We used passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags to track aquatic snakes Natrix natrix and Natrix tessellata in Lake Işıklı, Denizli province, Turkey. 304 N. natrix and 1563 N. tessellata specimens were captured and marked over the four-year sampling period. Of the marked individuals, 14 N. natrix and 97 N. tessellata were recaptured at least once. The three-year average population size was estimated at 1940 ± 1055 for N. natrix, and 10,146 ± …

Halyomorpha Halys Stål, (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae) Feeding Effects On Some Agriculturalfruits In Georgia, Manana Kereselidze, Daniela Pilarska, Nika Guntadze, Andreas Linde

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Feeding effects of the invasive, polyphagous brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae), on some agricultural fruits (hazelnut, blueberry, mandarin, lemon) were investigated in Guria and Samegrelo regions of Georgia in 2019 and 2020. The damage to hazelnut kernels was evaluated when H. halys adults were allowed to feed on kernels in different stages of development. Furthermore, BMSB adults were allowed to feed on almost ripened fruits of blueberry, on small mandarin fruits which were not yet well developed, and on ripened fruits of mandarin. The evaluation of damage on lemon was recorded after allowing adult BMSB on small, …

The Clean Water Act At 50: Is The Act Obsolete?, Jonathan H. Adler

Faculty Publications

As an introduction to “The Clean Water Act at 50” symposium, this Article explores the question of statutory obsolescence in the particular context of the CWA. Part I considers the phenomenon of statutory obsolescence and what it means to say that a given statute is “obsolete.” Part II then evaluates the CWA, identifying the reasons one might conclude that the Act is (or is not) obsolete. Part III then considers what could be done about the CWA’s obsolescence if, in fact, one concludes it is obsolete.

This abstract has been taken from the author's introduction.

Antidiscrimination Law Through A Sociolegal Lens, Anna Offit

Faculty Publications

This Symposium invites reflection on whether the Anthropology of Law has “any space left for the content of rules” at a time when the concerns of legal anthropologists have largely shifted to processes, materials, and practices that are “adjacent to law.” Taking the jury system as an illustrative case, this Essay advocates for the relevance and value of the anthropological study of rules, their content, and their effects. Looking in particular at antidiscrimination rules derived from Batson v. Kentucky, decided in 1986, it argues that a sociolegal, ethnographic approach to how lawyers perpetuate discrimination in jury selection offers insight …

Botanical Inventory And Management Consideration For Potential Park At 32 Nd Street Property: City Of Grand Rapids Parks And Recreation, David Warners, William Hofmann, Hayden Janssen, Martin Vanderschoot, Garrett Crow

Faculty and Professional Research

During the spring and summer of 2022, a botanical inventory and floristic quality assessment was carried out by Calvin University students and faculty for the 32 nd Street Property proposed as a 17-acre potential City Park, located at 2163 32 nd Street SE in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The purpose of this inventory was to inform the staff of the Grand Rapids Parks and Recreation Department of the botanical significance of this newly sectioned property and also to provide information for the City to share with neighbors of the plants that could be found in this parcel. The research conducted as …

Botanical Assessments Of High-Quality Southern Shrub-Carr And Hardwood Swamp Wetlands In The Undeveloped Lowell Regional Greenspace, Kent County, Michigan, Garrett Crow, Dave Warners, Haley R. Weesies, Jonathon D. Walt, Zachary Hartwig, Carolyn H. Koehn

Faculty and Professional Research

The 2019–2023 Masterplan for Kent County Parks includes the future development of acquired properties that have been designated as the Lowell Regional Greenspace (528 acres), occupying nearly the entirety of Section 22 of Lowell Charter Township in Kent County, Michigan. Four wetlands located in the same drainage basin along Karen Creek in the Lowell Regional Greenspace were inventoried for floristic quality assessments during the summers of 2016, 2018, 2019, and 2021. One of the wetlands was forested and determined to be a southern hardwood swamp community type. The other three wetlands are best classified as shrub-carr communities. In the southern …

Decreased Photosynthetic Efficiency In Response To Site Translocation And Elevated Temperature Is Mitigated With Lps Exposure In Porites Astreoides Symbionts, Tyler E. Harman, Briana Hauff-Salas, Joshua A. Haslun, James M. Cervino, Kevin Strychar

Open Access Publishing Support Funded Articles

Coral reefs have been detrimentally impacted causing health issues due to elevated ocean temperatures as a result of increased greenhouse gases. Extreme temperatures have also exacerbated coral diseases in tropical reef environments. Numerous studies have outlined the impacts of thermal stress and disease on coral organisms, as well as understanding the influence of site-based characteristics on coral physiology. However, few have discussed the interaction of all three. Laboratory out-planting restoration projects have been of importance throughout impacted areas such as the Caribbean and southern Florida in order to increase coral cover in these areas. This study analyzes photosynthetic efficiency of …

Humility, Climate Change, And The Pursuit Of Scientific Truth, John Copeland Nagle

Journal Articles

This Essay begins with the understanding that environmental law could not exist without science. The tolerable amount of pollution, the proximity of a species to extinction, and the threats presented by climate change are just some of the questions that environmental law depends on science to answer. Often environmental law insists that science alone is relevant to a particular regulatory action, such as an air pollution standard or an endangered species listing. It is not surprising, therefore, that many disputes about environmental law are really disputes about science.

Science, however, does not always yield the information that environmental law needs …

Oxidative Damage To Brain Cells Underlies: (I) Resistance To Radiation And Increased Tumor Cell Growth In Glioblastoma; (Ii) Apoe Allele Status And Pentose Phosphate Pathway Proteins In Alzheimer Disease Mouse Models, Nicole Rummel

Theses and Dissertations--Chemistry

Oxidative phosphorylation occurs within the inner mitochondrial membrane producing ATP for the cell’s energy needs. The Electron Transport Chain carries out the transfer of electrons from electron carriers through a series of proteins to form a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This gradient acts as the energy source needed to put a phosphate onto ADP and form ATP. With the large amounts of free electrons and oxygen within the mitochondria, an inevitable by-product of free radicals in the form of superoxide are produced. Superoxide (O^-̇₂) is a reactive radical that can react further to …