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L-(+)-Tryptophan Methyl Ester Derived Polymeric Microbeads As An Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst For Green Synthesis Of 2-Amino-4-(Nitromethyl)-4h-Chromene-3- Carbonitriles, Ayşe Haliç Poslu, Bi̇lgen Osman, Yunus Kaya, Ömer Koz, Gamze Koz

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The cross-linked microbeads with average diameter of 106-300 μm, [poly(EGDMA-MATrp)], were obtained by copolymerization reaction of N-methacryloyl-L-(+)-tryptophan methyl ester (MATrp) with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and successfully applied as a heterogeneous catalyst in conjugate addition reaction of nitromethane to substituted 2-iminochromenes in aqueous media. A variety of 2-amino-4-(nitromethyl)-4H-chromene-3-carbonitriles has been synthesized in good yields. Polymeric microbeads were very durable and reused 5 times without a significant loss of activity. DFT calculations and experimental results revealed the significant role of π-π interactions as well as hydrogen bonding in the reaction mechanism.

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

No abstract provided.

Chemical Compositions And Biological Activities Of The Oils From The Genus Taxus And Factors Limiting The Regeneration Of Endangered Yews: A Review, Sagar Dhakal, Prem Kumar Khosla, Tokuma Getahun

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The genus Taxus (yews) is the largest genus of the family Taxaceae. It comprises about 24 species with 55 varieties distributed mainly in Asia, Europe, North Africa, and North America. In addition to the taxane diterpenoids and the cancer drug taxol, its species contain many essential oils with actual or potential biological activity. This review covers the chemical constituents as well as biological activities of these oils that have been studied in fourteen countries over 46 years (1975-2021). It also discusses the biotic and abiotic factors that limit the regeneration of these economically and medicinally important plants.

Design, Synthesis, And Greener Pasture Biological Assessment Of A Novel Nucleoside: 1-(Α-D-Ribofuranosyl)-6,7-Difluoro-2-Methyl-4-Quinazolinone As An Inhibitor Of Covid-19 And Alzheimer's Disease, Laila M. Break, Adil A. Gobouri, Wafa S. Al-Harthi, Mohamed Hagar, Nadia S. Alkaff, Musa A. Said

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Synthesis of a new fluorinated nucleoside of 6,7-difluoro-2-methyl-4-quinazolinone was described. 2-Amino-4,5-difluorobenzoic acid 1 reacts with (CH₃CO)₂O followed by ammonia to form (1H)-6,7-difluoro-2-methyl-4-quinazolinone 3a. Ribosylation of a silylated 4 with l-O-acety1-2,3-5-tri-O-benzoyl-α-D-ribofuranose 5 forms a protected nucleoside 6 then unprotected from 6 to give a free nucleoside 7. Greener pasture biological docking of the cystine protease of COVID-19 [M^pro, code 7BQY, PDB] by novel nucleoside and fluoroquinazoline compounds is presented. LIGPLOT (2D) representations calculated for the same ligands are shown. A superposition of remdesivir approved medicine, N3 inhibitor, and our ligands docked …

The Sweet And Embellishing Lycium Arabicum Schweinf. Ex Boiss. Fruit Oil: A Potential Source Of Essential Ω-6 And Ω-9 Fatty Acids, Phytosterols, And Carotenoids, Jawhar Fakhfakh, Marwa Affes, Hazem Jabeur, Mohamed Ayadi, Noureddine Allouche

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In our current phytochemical investigation on the Tunisian plant Lycium arabicum Schweinf. ex Boiss., we attempted to explore the oil obtained from its fruits. This oil was extracted by cold maceration with ethanol and was analyzed to estimate its sterol and fatty acid content. The physicochemical parameters of the oil were also examined. They were specified in terms of acid value (0.8 ± 0.01 mg KOH g^-1 oil), peroxide value (10.9 ± 0.02 meq O₂ kg^-1 oil), saponification value (162.97 ± 0.03 mg KOH g^-1 oil), chlorophylls (1.011 ± 0.03 mg kg^-1 oil) and carotenoids …

Gold Nanoparticles/Over-Oxidized Poly-Eriochrome Black T Film Modified Electrode For Determination Of Arsenic, Mürşi̇de Ceren Afşar, Aydan Elçi̇, Zekerya Dursun

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

A glassy carbon electrode, modified with gold nanoparticles/over-oxidized poly-eriochrome black T film, was fabricated for sensitive determination of As(III) by stripping voltammetry in an acidic medium. The electrode surface properties were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrode demonstrated a good response towards As(III), with a detection of 0.077 μM and good linearity in the range of 0.1 to 10 μM (R² = 0.9977). For the determination of As(III), the fabricated electrode was placed in different mineral water samples, acidified with 0.75 M HCl solution, spiked with various …

Overview On Gplates: Focus On Plate Reconstruction, Shatavisa Chatterjee, Soumyajit Mukherjee

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Plate tectonic reconstructions have been employed in geosciences since 1970s, in the context of hydrocarbon exploration, regional geology and paleobiology. Such studies have given valuable inputs for climate and geodynamic computations, present-day mantle structure, models of plate motion, and the interpretation of the drift of hotspots, true polar wander (TPW), sea level and stratigraphic signals. However, geodynamic models generated in the past by incorporating global plate tectonic reconstructions have limitations. To overcome this, GPlates software brings forward a new era of interactive plate tectonic reconstruction software integrated with GIS databases that incorporates a wide variety of geological and geophysical data. …

Hydrochemical Characteristics And Geothermometry Applications Of Thermal Waters Inthe Çürüksu Graben, Western Turkey, Ali̇ Gökgöz, Hali̇m Mutlu, Mehmet Ali̇ Akman

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

In this study, we investigate chemical and isotopic characteristics of low-temperature geothermal waters issuing from carbonate reservoirs in the Çürüksu Graben within the eastern termination of the Büyük Menderes Graben in western Turkey. Temperatures and pH values of geothermal waters vary from 20.1 to 24.6 °C and 6.62 to 7.11 and those of cold waters are 17.1 to 19.9 °C and 6.85 to 7.72, respectively. Geothermal waters are of Ca-HCO3 and Ca-SO4 types whereas cold waters are characterized by these two types and Mg-HCO3 as well. δ18O and δD values of samples vary from ?9.27‰ to -7.69‰ (VSMOW) and -58.06‰ …

Late Ediacaran Inertial-Interchange True Polar Wander (Iitpw) Event: A New Road To Reconcile The Enigmatic Paleogeography Prior To The Final Assembly Of Gondwana, Bin Wen, Cairong Luo, Yong-Xiang Li, Yanting Lin

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Ediacaran to Early Cambrian plate tectonics was dominated by a full dispersal of the supercontinent Rodinia and the subsequent amalgamation of Gondwana. There is a consensus that the final assembly of Gondwana was not completed until the Early Cambrian. Prior to the final assembly, however, one major uncertainty remains on the quantitative paleogeography: the mainland of Gondwana was plausibly positioned at either a high or low latitude at a single time instant to meet the dual-latitude ('high-latitude' and 'low-latitude') options of Laurentia and the requirement of

A Preliminary Account On Devonian Trilobites From Arabian Plate, Se Turkey, Catherine Cronier, İzzet Hoşgör

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Recently, several Devonian localities and the related biota occurring from the southeastern Turkey were reinvestigated. Although, the Hakkari-Çukurca and the Diyarbakır-Hazro areas of the Arabian Plate are considered as an important source of the Devonian macrofossils from the north Arabian sector of Gondwana, the existing record of Devonian trilobites in these regions was hitherto unknown. We here report and illustrate for the first time Lower and Middle Devonian trilobites represented by three proetid pygidia and one calymenid pygidium. The morphological features of these pygidia suggest that they can be assigned to undetermined species of Gravicalymene (Calymenidae) and Podoliproetus (Proetidae), two …

Assessment Of Genetic Variation Of Natural Populations Of Wild Cherry (Prunus Avium L.)Via Ssr Markers, Burcu Uzan Eken, Emrah Kirdök, Ercan Veli̇oğlu, Yelda Özden Çi̇ftçi̇

Turkish Journal of Botany

Wild cherry (Prunus avium L, syn. Cerasus avium L. Moench.) is a widely spread forest tree that has ecological and economical importance. However, the genetic diversity of this species is threatened for many reasons. Therefore, a breeding and conservation program should be established in order to minimise the loss of genetic diversity. In this study, we aimed to understand the genetic structure of 440 individual wild cherries sampled from 22 different populations in Turkey using 10 SSR molecular markers. With the molecular variance analysis, we found that the genetic diversity within the population is approximately 88.5% and the genetic diversity …

Mining And Analysis Of Chloroplast Simple Sequence Repeats (Ssrs) From Eight Species Of Aquilaria, Muhammad Syahmi Hishamuddin, Ahmad Syazwan Samsuddin, Rozi Mohamed

Turkish Journal of Botany

Aquilaria is a tropical forest tree, producer of the famed and expensive agarwood. Aggressive collection of agarwood put strain on the natural stands of Aquilaria species, sparking efforts to domesticate the tree and cultivate agarwood in plantations. However, tree domestication progress is hampered by the scarcity of genomic resources that is crucial for breeding programs. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequences from eight Aquilaria species were analyzed in silico. For identification of the simple sequence repeats (SSRs), MISA PERL script which had a repeat length of 12 for mononucleotides (mono-), 6 for dinucleotides (di-), 4 for trinucleotides …

Karyomorphology, Ploidy Analysis, And Flow Cytometric Genome Size Estimation Of Medicago Monantha Populations, Homa Zarabizadeh, Ghasem Karimzadeh, Sajad Rashidi Monfared, Saeed Tarkesh Esfahani

Turkish Journal of Botany

Karayomorphological analysis and monoploid genome size (2Cx DNA) of 12 Iranian Medicago monantha populations are reported. Flow cytometric analysis were conducted on freshly collected seeds, using Solanum lycopersicum cv. Stupicke (2C DNA = 1.96 pg), as the internal reference standard. All populations were diploid with variable degrees of mixoploidy and two different chromosome numbers within each population. Totally, six chromosome numbers of 22, 28, 30, 32, 36, and 40 were identified. Twotyped chromosomes ("m", "sm") with a mean length of 1.65 µm (0.98-2.99 ?m) formed seven different karyotype formulas. Karyotypes were mostly symmetrical, implying the evolutionary effect of natural and …

Current Nomenclature And Systematics Of Capsella Medik. With Lectotypifications:Towards Solving The Puzzle, Yelda Güzel

Turkish Journal of Botany

The taxonomic history of Capsella Medik., one of the genera with the highest phenotypic plasticity, and thus the highest synonym number relative to the recognized species number, was reviewed. The current systematics of the genus was discussed and the exact number of taxa was determined. In light of the molecular and nomenclatural data, it was decided that the genus was represented around the world by five species and one hybrid. Considering the molecular studies that have been conducted over the 30 years it was concluded that the species of this genus are typical examples of the concept of cryptic species. …

Dianthus Berkayii (Caryophyllaceae), A New Species From Turkey, Zeki̇ Aytaç, Ali̇ Kandemi̇r, Tuğba Ertuğrul, Ahter Fi̇şne, Mevlüde Alev Ateş

Turkish Journal of Botany

Dianthus berkayii belongs to sect. Fimbriati was described and illustrated as a new species from Erzincan Province in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. In the current study morphological, palynological, and molecular characters were compared and discussed with its closely related species. The new species is similar to D. crinitus with fimbriate corolla, linear, acuminate, ± rigid leaves. Also similar to D. vanensis with fimbriate corolla, linear, acuminate, ± rigid, curved divaricate leaves. But distinctly different from D. crinitus by having linear and curved divaricate leaves, stem with 3?4(?5) internodes (not 5?8), a style much longer than petals, and different from D. vanensis …

Limacella Subtropicana (Amanitaceae, Agaricales), A New Species From Pakistan Based On Morphological And Molecular Phylogenetic Evidences, Aiman Izhar, Abdul Rehman Niazi, Muhammad Asif, Muhammad Haq Nawaz, Hira Bashir, Abdul Nasir Khalid

Turkish Journal of Botany

Basidiomata of a hitherto undescribed Limacella species were collected from the grasslands of Punjab, Pakistan. We describe it as Limacella subtropicana, which is characterized by its viscid, white to creamy pileus, white to the creamy stipe, changing to brown when bruised, subglobose basidiospores measuring 4.0?6.3 × 3.7?5.5 ?m, an ixotrichodermal pileipellis with subcylindric to clavate terminal elements and the common presence of clamp connections in all tissues. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses of ITS sequences and LSU sequences of nrDNA confirmed its placement in the genus Limacella. A comprehensive description and a comparison of the new taxon with other …

Effect Of Seaweed-Based Liquid Extracts On Biomass Production And Lipid Accumulation In Nannochloropsis Oculata And Dunaliella Salina, Krishna Moorthy Abarna, Rani Velu, Padmavathy P, Jawahar P, Uma A, Kalidas C, Satya Prakash Shukla

Turkish Journal of Botany

Seaweed liquid fertilizers (SLFs) contain macronutrients, micronutrients and trace nutrients essential for microalgal growth. The study aims to evaluate the efficiency of SLFs on the biomass production, biochemical and physiological processes; and the study was carried out at different SLF concentrations of selected seaweeds i.e. Kappaphycus alvarezii, Gelidiella acerosa and Turbinaria ornata. The comparative analysis of the growth performance of two unicellular green alga on three different organic media suggest that the liquid fertilizer from red seaweed was highly efficient than the SLF prepared from brown seaweed. The growth rate of N. oculata and D. salina in K. alvarezii SLF …

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Botany

No abstract provided.

Role Of More Axillary Growth2 (Max2) Protein In Regulation Of Karrikin And Strigolactone Signalling Pathways, Sarika Singh, Moin Uddin, M. Masroor A. Khan, Sobia Aman Chishti, Sangram Singh, Urooj Hassan Bhatt

Turkish Journal of Botany

MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 (MAX2) is an F-box protein, containing leucine-rich repeats. It is a common regulator in signalling pathways of both karrikin and strigolactone, and has several homologs such as MAX1, MAX3, and MAX4, which play a key role in the biosynthesis of strigolactone. It also interacts with various receptors and repressors of karrikin and strigolactone. Karrikins are a group of plant growth regulators found in the smoke of burning plant material and had the ability to stimulate seed germination, whereas strigolactone is a newly discovered plant hormone that regulates shoot and root branching and plays a vital role …

Effects Of Moderate Drought On Leaf Bulliform Cells Of Aquatic And Coastal Population Of Phragmites Australis, Olena Nedukha

Turkish Journal of Botany

Studying leaves of aquatic and terrestrial populations of Phragmites australis grown on the bank of the Venetian strait of the Dnipro River in Kyiv (Ukraine) for establishing the role of bulliform cells in the mechanisms of plant resistance to moderate soil drought were studied. Bulliform (motor) cells participate in the twisting and folding of leaves during drought and strong sunlight. The study of bulliform cells in the leaves of the aquatic and terrestrial populations of P. australis was carried out using the methods of light microscopy, cytochemical methods, laser confocal microscopy, and biochemical methods. The comparative analysis of the structure …

Marrubium Zeydanlii (Lamiaceae), A New Species From Turkey, Zeki̇ Aytaç, Bahar Kaptaner İğci̇, Tuğba Ertuğrul, Nur Münevver Pinar, Deni̇z Aygören Uluer, Bariş Özüdoğru

Turkish Journal of Botany

Marrubium zeydanlii (Lamiaceae) is described as a new species from Turkey. It is similar to M. depauperatum and M. sivasense; however, it is distinguished from M. depauperatum by having lanate hairs on the stem, oblanceolate dentate leaves, 4?6-flowered verticillasters. It is also distinguished from M. sivasense by having lanate hairs on the stem, oblanceolate leaves, and shorter petals. The pollen grains are radially symmetrical and isopolar, the shape is oblate-spheroidal with the polar axes 16.7-20 µm and the equatorial axes 17.6-19.3 µm. trnL-F region was used to identify the phylogenetic position of the newly described species. The results …

Determination Of Some Of The Lectins' Immunohistochemistry Profile Of The Dog Testisand Epididymis, Feyza Başak, Yeşi̇m Akaydin Bozkurt, Roman Dabrowski

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Lectins are substances composed of proteins or glycoproteins that specifically bond to carbohydrates on the cell surfaces or inside the cell. Lectins are used to identify the carbohydrate types in the cellular membrane or cytoplasm. The aim of the study was to identify the location and distribution of the four types of lectins PNA (Peanut agglutinin- Arachis hypogea), WGA (Wheatgerm Agglutinin- Triticum vulgaris), Con A (Conconavalin A-Canavalia ensiformis), and SBA (Soybean Agglutinin-Glycine max) in dog testes and epididymites. The testes and the body of 10 adult dogs were collected from an animal shelter after castration. Following the standard histological procedures, …

Effects Of Dietary Calcium, Phosphorus And Microbial Phytase On Intestinal Morphologyin Laying Hens, Sabi̇re Güler, Ender Deni̇z Asmaz, Nuray Varol Kayapunar, İhsan İşbi̇li̇r, Şeri̇fe Şule Cengi̇z, Derya Yeşi̇lbağ, Ahmet Batuhan Şanli, Eyüp Eren Gültepe

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Different challenges are being applied in the poultry industry in order to protect animal health and to increase immunity and production. The supplementation of microbial phytase is essential in terms of both reducing the inorganic phytase rate and contributing to the absorption of other minerals. In this study, a newly isolated microbial phytase was added at different concentrations to the diet together with calcium (Ca$^{2+}$) and available phosphorus (AP), and the effects of this supplementation on intestinal absorption capacity and Ca$^{2+}$ binding capacity were investigated via morphological measurements and immunohistochemical examination of the duodenum and ileum. For this purpose, 90 …

Topical Formulations Based On Polyhexamethylene Hydrochloride Guanidine For Surgicalfield Antisepsis, Fernanda Gosuen Gonçalves Dias, Renato Luis Tame Parreira, Lucas De Freitas Pereira, Rodrigo Cássio Sola Veneziani, Maria Anita Lemos Vasconcelos Ambrósio, Vinícius Thomaz Da Silva Almeida, Renata Alves De Barros, Luis Gustavo Gosuen Gonçalves Dias, Sérgio Ricardo Ambrósio

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

As surgical site infection can prolong the patient's hospital stay, increase morbidity and mortality rates and medical and hospital expenses, justifying the search for new effective and low-cost antiseptic drugs is justifiable. Thus, the objective of the present study was to analyze, by direct clinical and microbiological examination, the topical antiseptic effect of a solution based on polyhexamethylene hydrochloride guanidine (PHMGH) at 0.5% on the intact skin surface of sheep and cats, aiming at its use in operative field (previous and definitive antisepsis), compared to 0.5% alcoholic chlorhexidine and association with this. The topical solutions did not cause any skin …

Identifying Misconceptions About Evolution Relative To Science Curriculum Exposure At The Secondary Level, Rachel Carney

Graduate Research Papers

Evolution is the foundation of the biological sciences. Addressing misconceptions related to biological evolution ensures students have a solid understanding of evolution so that they can become scientifically literate members of society. While studies have identified misconceptions about evolution, there is much less research on the degree to which specific biology curricula address these misconceptions. The goal of this study is to determine how exposure to the SEPUP biology curriculum affects the misconceptions about evolutionary theory held by 10th grade students.

This study took place at a moderately-sized school located in the Midwest. Students respond with their agreeability to a …

A Historical Analysis Of The U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agencies (Fema) Response And Recovery To Gulf Coast Hurricane And Other Weather-Related Disasters, Lauren Marie Denning

Graduate Research Papers

The growing changes in our environment combined with the increased number of catastrophic climate and weather- related events are occurring more frequently and continuing to intensify in the United States and Worldwide. These events are resulting in mass destruction in our environment and infrastructure, significant loss in human lives, and costing billions of dollars in response and recovery. Although there is no way to prevent these events, governments and populations can take steps to adapt and prepare for these events. This will ultimately decrease the overall impacts that these events have on our environment and future generations to come.

This …

Association Between Habitat And The Genetic Diversity Of The Brown-Belted Bumblebee (Bombus Griseocollis) In The Agricultural Landscape Across Northeast Iowa, Clarissa Elizabeth Bruns

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Wild bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) are key pollinators in natural ecosystems and major contributors to pollination in agriculture. Despite this, numerous bee species are in decline from introduced pathogens, pesticides, and habitat fragmentation. In the Midwestern United States, the land is dominated by agricultural landscape, and farming practices result in limited floral resources and frequently disturbed nesting grounds for bee species. In this thesis, I examine the genetic diversity between and within populations of brown-belted bumblebee (Bombus griseocollis) across northeast Iowa and test for population genetic structure between reconstructed prairies within 3 years of establishment and prairies >10 years …

Understanding Morphological Responses Of Typha (Cattail) Species To Nutrient Pollution, Anna Marie Shapiro

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

In the Midwestern United States, Typha x glauca is a hybrid of the native Typha latifolia and the non-native Typha angustifolia. Typha x glauca is considered invasive, and it is dominating Typha latifolia when they co-occur. Wetlands in the Midwest face nutrient pollution, due to fertilization used within the agricultural industry. Wetlands are nutrient sinks, which store the increased levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. These nutrients are known to increase Typha growth. Within this thesis, it was hypothesized that an increase of nitrogen in the wetland may increase the width of Typha leaves, making it difficult to distinguish the …

Common Garden Study Reveals Frost-Tolerant, Generalist Northern Seed Sources Are Best Suited To Expand Range Of Quercus Rubra, Emily Lindback

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Climate change is shifting the potential suitable range of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) faster than it can migrate, creating an adaptation lag. Quercus rubra is prominent in eastern North American forests and important for its carbon sequestration, ecological roles, and economic significance. Our study addresses which populations of Q. rubra are best suited for climatic conditions at the northern and central range limits. Our findings can inform forestry management policies such as assisted migration, where species are transferred within their native range to mitigate the effects of climate change. We planted over 800 Q. rubra seedlings …

Non-Chromatographic Oligonucleotide Purification And Automated Polyethyleneglycol Synthesis, Dhananjani N. A. M. Eriyagama

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) have various applications in many areas such as, synthetic biology, chemical biology, antisense drug development, and data storage. As a result, there is a high demand for synthetic ODNs. Many advances have been made with ODN synthesis the purification still remains a bottleneck. The non-chromatographic purification method is developed to address this problem. Similarly, polyethylene glycols (PEGs) have been used in many areas including pharmaceutical applications, surface science, and nanomedicine due to its unique properties. However, monodispersed PEG synthesis is expensive with existing methods. A novel automated solid phase synthesis method is developed to obtain monodispersed PEGs. …