Digital Commons Network^™

Biometrics And An Ai Bill Of Rights, Margaret Hu

Duquesne Law Review

This Article contends that an informed discussion on an Al Bill of Rights requires grappling with biometric data collection and its integration into emerging Al systems. Biometric Al systems serve a wide range of governmental purposes, including policing, border security and immigration enforcement, and biometric cyberintelligence and biometric-enabled warfare. These systems are increasingly categorized as "high-risk" when deployed in ways that may impact fundamental constitutional rights and human rights. There is growing recognition that high-risk biometric AI systems, such as facial recognition identification, can pose unprecedented challenges to criminal procedure rights. This Article concludes that a failure to recognize these …

Ending Manner-Of-Death Testimony And Other Opinion Determinations Of Crime, Keith A. Findley, Dean A. Strang

Duquesne Law Review

In January 2011, Ellen Greenberg's fianc6 and her apartment building manager broke down her apartment door after she failed repeatedly to respond to attempts to contact her.¹ They found herd ead in a pool of blood on the kitchen floor, the victim of twenty stab wounds to her chest, torso, head, and neck, including stab wounds to the back of her head and to her body through her clothes. They found a half-eaten fruit salad on the kitchen counter along with an overturned knife block. By all appearances, Greenberg was the victim of a grisly murder, and the medical …

On-Screen V. In Person: How A Tech-Savvy World Is Impacting Jurors' Perceptions Of Witnesses, Michael T. Deer

Duquesne Law Review

When speaking to a friend or loved one via video chat, one receives the thrill of seeing that person in real time-without a faceto- face encounter. Video chatting is a popular mechanism in the twenty-first century, as the technology comes in various forms and lives at our fingertips.¹ Whether a family is video chatting with an overseas servicemember during a holiday, a person is attending an online class or work meeting, or someone is seeing his or her doctor by way of a virtual appointment, our notion of "face time" has evolved significantly.² In fact, Merriam-Webster now defines …

How Implicit Bias Contributes To Racial Disparities In Maternal Health, Michaella Saintil

Honors Undergraduate Theses

A rise in racial disparities in maternal health has become an ongoing issue in the United States. This study uses a scoping literature review method to examine the effect of implicit bias on racial disparities in maternal healthcare. Multiple articles in this study provide sufficient evidence to prove that implicit bias is a contributing factor to the alarming rise of racial disparities in maternal health outcomes. The study revealed two distinct categories that elaborate on the health crisis that has been a continuation of practices traced backed to slavery. The analysis for this research is grounded in lack of quality …

Criminology, North Carolina Agricultural And Technical State University

Open Educational Resources Syllabus Review

The genesis and origin of crime and an analysis of theories of criminal behavior will be studied.

2022 Summer Newsletter, Nova Southeastern University

Suicide and Violence Prevention Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2022, Tennessee. Department Of Correction

Annual Reports

This document is the annual report for the Tennessee Department of Correction during the fiscal year.

Rules Vs. Standards In Private Ordering, Tomer S. Stein

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

Nova Law Review Full Issue Volume 47, Issue 1

Nova Law Review

No abstract provided.

Relationships, Relevance, And Reflection: How White Teachers Are Working To Dismantle White Supremacy In Their Classrooms Through Culturally Responsive Education, Zion W. Gezaw

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study examines the multitude of ways in which White supremacy manifests in the education system and examines how White teachers specifically are working to dismantle White supremacy in middle school classrooms through culturally responsive education. This educational criticism and connoisseurship study focuses on the interactions of White teachers in relation to their Black students, along with observations of their teaching and planning methods. The following research questions guided this research: How are White teachers implementing a culturally responsive classroom environment for Black students? How do White educators plan and enact a culturally responsive curriculum for Black students? How do …

The Visualities And Aesthetics Of Prosecuting Aged Defendants, Mark Drumbl, Caroline Fournet

Scholarly Articles

The prosecution—whether domestic or international—of international crimes and atrocities may implicate extremely aged defendants. Much has been written about the legalisms that inhere (or not) in trying these barely alive individuals. Very little however has been written about the aesthetics the barely alive encrust into the architecture of courtrooms, the optics these defendants suffuse into the trial process, and the expressive value of punishing them. This is what we seek to do in this project.

The Constitutional Guarantee Of Criminal Justice Transparency, Aliza Plener Cover

Articles

This Article identifies and explores a transparency guarantee that permeates the Constitution's criminal procedure provisions. This guarantee protects multiple dimensions of transparency - which I categorize as participatory, informational, and corporal--through overlapping structural safeguards and individual rights, and through protections afforded to both the public and the accused. Despite the strength and pervasiveness of the overarching transparency guarantee, the discrete provisions from which it is derived are often peripheral in today's criminal justice system, which is dominated by plea bargaining and incarceration rather than trials and public-square punishment. And, because the constitutional transparency protections are viewed in clause-bound isolation, modern …

The Common Prosecutor, Melanie D. Wilson

Loyola University Chicago Law Journal

This symposium piece stems from the Loyola University of Chicago Law Journal's Criminal Justice Symposium and my engagement with a panel of experts discussing wrongful convictions, pleas, and sentencing. The essay focuses on the role of prosecutors and contends that the system will improve only when more law school graduates of every race, religion, gender identity, background, ideology, ability, sexual orientation, and other characteristics serve as prosecutors. We have witnessed the rise of the “progressive prosecutor.” Now, we need to add more “common prosecutors.”

The homogeneity of prosecutors is well known and well documented. For example, as of October 2020, …

Better Than Bullets: Ethiopia Is Committing War Crimes By Starving Civilian Populations In The Ethiopian Civil War, Jordan Luber

American University International Law Review

Abiy Ahmed is the prime minister of Ethiopia. He has been starving seven million people of a lone ethnic group in Ethiopia for over a year. He is a Nobel Peace Prize laureate and a war criminal.

He won a Nobel Peace Prize for allying with a dictator who oversees slavery and locks dissidents in shipping containers in the desert. He took power promising an unprecedented age of progress, then a year later, changed his mind and began to massacre protestors. He launched a civil war with a barrage from armed drones. He manufactured a famine by destroying food supplies, …

Suffolk University School Alumni Magazine, Fall 2022, Suffolk University

Suffolk University Magazine

No abstract provided.

Cybersecurity Primer For Local Government Leaders, What To Know What To Do, Meghan E. Cook, Mark Lavigne, Alondra Berroa

Center for Technology in Government

Cybersecurity threats to our governments cannot be understated.Hackers are are sending emails to local government employees, they are looking for vulnerabilities in websites and they are looking for ways into databases. They want to disrupt work, destroy systems, exploit data and hold it ransom for payment.Almost everything that local governments do today rely on some type of information technology system including but not limited to email, public health programs and services, social service case management, elections, highway and road and road maintenance, public safety, snow removal, mental health care, financial management, court and judicial operations, and many other functions. Hardware, …

University Authors 2021-2022, Montclair State University, Harry A. Sprague Library

University Authors

No abstract provided.

A Call To Dismantle Systemic Racism In Criminal Legal Systems, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Margaret C. Stevenson

Psychology Faculty Scholarship

Objectives: In October 2021, APA passed a resolution addressing ways psychologists could work to dismantle systemic racism in criminal legal systems. The present report, developed to inform APA’s policy resolution, details the scope of the problem and offers recommendations for policy and psychologists to address the issue by advancing related science and practice. Specifically, it acknowledges the roots of modern-day racial and ethnic disparities in rates of criminalization and punishment for people of color as compared to White people. Next, the report reviews existing theory and research that helps explain the underlying psychological mechanisms driving racial and ethnic disparities …

South Dakota State University Undergraduate Catalog 2022-2023, South Dakota State University

South Dakota State University Catalogs and Bulletins: 1935 to present

No abstract provided.

Catalog | 2022-2023, Jacksonville State University

Announcements, Bulletins & Catalogs | Undergraduate

(2022-2023). In its early years as the State Normal School, JSU produced a variety of publications (announcements, bulletins, and catalogs) that contain course information combined with the types of information that would later be found in yearbooks. Examples include historical information about the school, lists of enrolled students and club officers, photographs of athletic teams and literary clubs, notes on alumni, faculty and campus facilities, and more.

The Saga Of Reginald Mcfadden—"Pennsylvania's Willie Horton" And The Commutation Of Life Sentences In The Commonwealth: Part I, Regina Austin

JCLC Online

The saga of the commutation of Reginald McFadden is a tortuous story of blunders, coincidences, and numerous instances of governmental officials tempting fate. It has the makings of a Serial true-crime podcast. In states throughout the country, there are lifers who are unfairly paying the price for the actions of one person who should never have had her or his life sentence commuted. This is the first in a series of two essays that explore Reginald McFadden’s commutation.

Cannibalizing The Constitution: On Terrorism, The Second Amendment, And The Threat To Civil Liberties, Francesca Laguardia

JCLC Online

This article explores the links between internet radicalization, access to weapons, and the current threat from terrorists who have been radicalized online. The prevalence of domestic terrorism, domestic hate groups, and online incitement and radicalization have led to considerable focus on the tension between counterterror efforts and the First Amendment. Many scholars recommend rethinking the extent of First Amendment protection, as well as Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Amendment protections, and some judges appear to be listening. Yet the Second Amendment has avoided this consideration, despite the fact that easy access to weapons is a necessary ingredient for the level of …

Freedom Denied: How The Culture Of Detention Created A Federal Jailing Crisis, University Of Chicago Law School. Federal Criminal Justice Clinic

Federal Criminal Justice Clinic

This Report reveals a fractured and freewheeling federal pretrial detention system that has strayed far from the norm of pretrial liberty. This Report is the first broad national investigation of federal pretrial detention, an often overlooked, yet highly consequential, stage of the federal criminal process. Our Clinic undertook an in-depth study of federal bond practices, in which courtwatchers gathered data from hundreds of pretrial hearings. Based on our empirical courtwatching data and interviews with nearly 50 stake-holders, we conclude that a “culture of detention” pervades the federal courts, with habit and courtroom custom overriding the written law...” Our Report aims …

List Of Open Resources Used By Round 3 Unc Faculty Grantees, Jennifer Mayer

Open Course Materials

No abstract provided.

Van Buren V. United States: An Employer Defeat Or Hacker’S Victory – Or Something In Between, 21 Uic Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 166 (2022), Melanie Assad

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

No abstract provided.

Analyzing The Effects Of Incarceration And Role Of Reentry Programs On Political Participation, Elizabeth Barash

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

No abstract provided.

Immigration Public Defenders: A Model For Going Beyond Adequate Representation, Matthew Chang

JCLC Online

What does adequate legal representation for noncitizen criminal defendants look like? After the Supreme Court decided the landmark case of Padilla v. Kentucky, criminal defense attorneys became responsible for advising clients if and when there might be immigration consequences that accompany acceptance of a guilty plea deal, such as a potential risk of deportation. Currently, the criminal and immigration representation are completely divided. This Comment argues that the Padilla mandate alone, while important, fails to adequately provide noncitizen criminal defendants their Fifth Amendment Due Process Right and Sixth Amendment Right to Counsel. Using the Supreme Court’s legal analysis in …

U.S. Drug Reform: A Cultural Shift, Leionah J. Noah

St. Thomas Law Review

When a human body ingests a lethal dose of heroin, the body goes through an enormous physiological transformation. The functions of the central nervous system begin to depress, breathing is shallowed, the pulse is weakened, and the skin turns blue or gray with dark lips and fingernails. An alert person must quickly administer naloxone, an opioid antagonist, to reverse the effects of a heroin overdose, as symptoms typically begin after ten minutes. For many, however, their lives end with an overdose, despite this outcome being preventable. This paper will establish that drug overdose deaths are preventable for an entirely different …

Traffickers’ Use Of Substances To Recruit And Control Victims Of Domestic Trafficking For Sexual Exploitation In The American Midwest, Erica Koegler, Claire Wood, Lilly Bahlinger, Sharon Johnston

Social Work Faculty Works

This paper describes how traffickers use substances to recruit and control victims of domestic trafficking for sexual exploitation, as reported by service providers working with trafficking survivors in the American Midwest. This data was derived from interviews with 15 service providers in a major metropolitan area. Findings revealed consistencies with previous literature and new insights into the trafficker- substance use dynamic. Traffickers’ use of substances with victims was pervasive when trafficking was for the purpose of sex but not other labour. There were several examples of how traffickers use substances for victim exploitation and recruitment. These include using substances to …

Etsu At-A-Glance - 2021-2022, University Marketing And Communications, East Tennessee State University

ETSU At-a-Glance

No abstract provided.