Digital Commons Network^™

African American Parents’ Perceptions Of Police Racial Profiling And "The Talk” With Their Children, Tammara Moffitt

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore African American parents’ perceptions of racism and how it shaped their discussion, known as The Talk, that they had with their African American children. Critical race theory was the theoretical foundation. This theory helped explain the ideas and processes parents of African American children used to discuss perceptions of the African American culture. Through interviews, this generic qualitative study was focused on collecting data from parents of African American children who had to decide how to talk to their children about racial profiling. Ten parents raising African American children from age 13 …

Standing For Democracy: Is Democracy A Procedural Right In Vacuo? A Democratic Perspective On Procedural Violations As A Basis For Article Iii Standing, Helen Hershkoff, Stephen Loffredo

Faculty Articles

Many commentators express concern that democracy in the United States is under threat, whether from the pressure of concentrated wealth and structural racism, government secrecy and authoritarian tendencies, an outdated constitutional structure and old-fashioned corruption, or perhaps a combination of them all. Against this background, this Article argues that the Supreme Court’s treatment of procedural rights for determining standing—the key that opens the door to federal court—is an overlooked factor in contributing to democratic erosion. According to the Court, violation of a congressionally conferred procedural right that does not safeguard some separate, non-procedural, concrete interest of plaintiff—a “procedural right in …

Are Police The Key To Public Safety?: The Case Of The Unhoused, Barry Friedman

Faculty Articles

We as a nation have to think deeply about what it means for a community to be safe, and what role the police play (or do not play) in achieving that safety. We have conflated, if not entirely confused, two very different things. One is the desire to be safe, and how society can assist with safety, even for the most marginalized or least well-off among us. The other is the role of the police. Contrary to what many seem to think, the police are not a one-size-fits-all provider of public safety. In this paper, I discuss this issue in …

Policing Police Tech: A Soft Law Solution, Barry Friedman, Farhang Heydari, Max Isaacs, Katie Kinsey

Faculty Articles

Policing agencies are undergoing a rapid technological revolution. New products—with almost unfathomable capacities to collect, store, monitor, and transmit data about us— constantly are coming to market. In the hands of policing agencies, some of these products may promise real benefits to society. But too often these public safety benefits are unproven. And many of these products present real harms, including risks to privacy, freedom of speech, racial justice, and much more. Part of “public safety” is being safe from these harms as well. Despite these risks, new policing tech products continue to be adopted and deployed without sufficient (or …

What Is Public Safety?, Barry Friedman

Faculty Articles

For hundreds of years, political leaders and thinkers have deemed public safety the first duty of government. But they have defined public safety rather narrowly, primarily in terms of the “protection” function—protecting individuals from violent harm to person or property from third parties (and also from natural elements). As the first duty, the protection function is privileged. Witness today how we valorize police and other first responders, defer to their decisions without close scrutiny, and immunize them from liability for their mistakes. Yet, is protection really all there is to public safety? For most people, being safe depends on much …

Lemonade: A Racial Justice Reframing Of The Roberts Court’S Criminal Jurisprudence, Daniel S. Harawa

Faculty Articles

The saying goes, when life gives you lemons, make lemonade. When it comes to the Supreme Court’s criminal jurisprudence and its relationship to racial (in)equity, progressive scholars often focus on the tartness of the lemons. In particular, they have studied how the Court often ignores race in its criminal decisions, a move that in turn reifies a racially subordinating criminalization system. However, the Court has recently issued a series of decisions addressing racism in the criminal legal system: Buck v. Davis, Peña-Rodriguez v. Colorado, Timbs v. Indiana, Flowers v. Mississippi, and Ramos v. Louisiana. On their face, the cases teach …

Nysrpa V. Bruen: Weaponizing Race, Daniel S. Harawa

Faculty Articles

While the Supreme Court has weaponized race—particularly America’s history of anti-Black racism—to expand the reach of the Second Amendment, it has not sought to ensure Black people have equal access to the right to bear arms now that the right is broader than ever before. More pointedly, the Court has not seemed keen on revisiting its Fourth Amendment policing doctrines that make public carry for Black people particularly precarious. As this essay explains, itinerant invocations of racial justice are inadequate and potentially harmful. While, as some argued, the total elimination of gun licensing regimes may result in the reduced prosecution …

Extra-Legal Factors In Juvenile Court Outcomes: What Is The Role Of Youth’S Race/Ethnicity And Family Structure In Disposition Decisions?, Vitoria De Francisco Lopes

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Due to the unique nature of the juvenile justice system, its focus on rehabilitation and the population it serves, juvenile court judges serve as the sole decision maker and are given substantial power of discretion. Prior literature has indicated extra-legal factors to influence court outcomes, and scholars have argued that the use of discretion has led to a significant variability in the way youth are treated by juvenile court officials and may contribute to the issue of minority overrepresentation in the juvenile justice system. Yet, family structure has not been examined in depth, especially as it relates to race/ethnicity. The …

Predicting Covid-19 Vaccination Status And Rule Following And Violating: Psychosocial Measures, Coping Styles, And Vaccine Myth Beliefs, Paxton Morley

Honors Theses and Capstones

Since the beginning of 2020, the whole world has been significantly impacted by COVID-19. People have been asked to be vaccinated, wear masks and maintain social distance. The purpose of this research is to predict COVID-19 rule-following, rule-violating, and vaccination status behaviors (yes, no) from the following variables: psychosocial factors, coping styles, and belief in COVID-19 vaccine myths. It was predicted that Psychosocial factors will negatively impact vaccination status, but these effects will be mediated by belief in vaccine myths. Psychosocial factors will negatively impact the COVID-19 rule following, but these effects will be mediated by coping strategies. Lastly, psychosocial …

Predictions Of Produced Water Quality And Recycled Water Optimization For Spatially-Distributed Wells In Point Pleasant Formation, Armel Quentin Mbakop

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The treatment of produced water as a fracturing fluid is becoming an increasingly important aspect of water management surrounding the booming of the unconventional oil and gas industry. Two main problems facing the oil and gas industry are the availability of water for well drilling and completion and disposal of the produced water. Unconventional well drilling and completion in the Utica shale requires large amounts of water. The wastewater that results after production—containing high levels of organic and inorganic matter— is usually disposed of through deep well injection. A new approach reuses this produced water as part of subsequent fracturing …

Air-Assisted Communications Using Line-Of-Sight Links, Shaikha A. Alkandari

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Recently, there has been a rapid increase in the use of air-assisted communications involv-
ing the use of airborne platforms such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In air-assisted
networks, the UAVs can act like base stations in a traditional cellular network as long as an
appropriate backhaul is available. Alternatively, the UAVs could serve as relays, for instance,
connecting two ground-based users who are within range of the UAV. UAVs have the benefit
of being deployed and reconfigured rapidly and on demand.
Meanwhile, there has been a trend towards the use of higher and higher frequencies,
including those in millimeter-wave …

The Survey That Was Used For The Study “Challenges For Successful Transfer From Community To Bachelor’S Colleges: Views Of Staff And Faculty With Transfer Responsibilites", Alexandra W. Logue, Kerstin Gentsch, Yoshiko Oka, David Wutchiett, Stephanie Abbeyquaye

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Data Federalism, Bridget Fahey

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

Private markets for individual data have received significant and sustained attention in recent years. But data markets are not for the private sector alone. In the public sector, the federal government, states, and cities gather data no less intimate and on a scale no less profound. And our governments have realized what corporations have: It is often easier to obtain data about their constituents from one another than to collect it directly. As in the private sector, these exchanges have multiplied the data available to every level of government for a wide range of purposes, complicated data governance, and created …

Cybersecurity & Correctional Institutions, Kelly Himelwright

Cybersecurity Undergraduate Research Showcase

Cybersecurity is becoming an increasingly important aspect of correctional operations. To properly maintain security, more jails and prisons are using comprehensive cyber protection techniques. Correctional facilities face risks that were perhaps unimaginable only a few decades ago. Many organizations have used information technology to help them run their businesses, but few have the resources or vision to foresee and adequately manage the cyber dangers that come with it. Institutions need to be more aware of these hazards, as well as have more information security experts on staff.

Constructing The Invisible: How Urban Interfaces Communicate Ideology In Washington Dc, Lawrence Boyer

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

No abstract provided.

Crisis Management: Public Administration Through The Covid-19 Pandemic In Massachusetts Municipalities, Rosalyn Impink

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

No abstract provided.

Mano Dura And Beyond: An Analysis Of Police Reform In Latin America, Ari Moore

CMC Senior Theses

Physical insecurity and high rates of crime plague Latin America. The problem is economically costly, detrimental to physical and mental health, and damaging to political legitimacy, while also fueling a migration crisis and negatively impacting societal views on human rights. The police are tasked with responding to and investigating crime, but have been historically ineffective at doing so. In recent decades, many countries in the region have implemented significant police reforms in pursuit of decreasing crime and insecurity. This thesis will analyze reforms in Brazil, Colombia, Chile, and Mexico to determine regional themes of reform. The lessons from those case …

Exploring The Politics Of Fear And Its Intersection With Anti-Asian Violence And Discrimination In The Context Of The Covid-19 Pandemic, Madelyn Kwun

CMC Senior Theses

This thesis examines the linkage between the politics of fear and anti-Asian sentiment and violence following the onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Canada and Australia. While anti-Asian sentiment is not new, society does not always address it or educate people on the Asian experience. Throughout the history in which Asians arrived in both Canada and Australia, what started with Chinese exclusion in the late 1800s, led to further discrimination in society leading up to the COVID-19 pandemic. The early foundations of mistrust and disgust towards Asians in Canada and Australia made the onset of the COVID- 19 pandemic worse …

Horticultural Therapy Program For Individuals With Substance Use Disorder: A Mixed-Method Evaluation, Emily Maia Bisaga

CMC Senior Theses

Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is a chronic brain disorder caused by both biological and environmental factors. Although there is no panacea for addiction, holistic adjunctive therapies have been found to improve outcomes for this population. Horticultural Therapy (HT) is one such adjunct therapy that may improve treatment outcomes. Although HT has been found to support holistic healing for many mental and physical ailments, the efficacy of this intervention has not been evaluated in patients with a SUD. The goal of this controlled, mixed-method study is to evaluate whether HT could be an effective component of a holistic SUD treatment program. …

Permissive Regulation: A Critical Review Of The Regulatory History Of Buprenorphine Formulations In Canada, Abhimanyu Sud, Meghan Mcgee, Barbara Mintzes, Matthew Herder

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

Suboxone (buprenorphine-naloxone) is an opioid product approved in the US and Canada for the treatment of opioid use disorder. The drug is considered an important response to the opioid overdose epidemic with consistent calls for wider prescribing and deregulation. The history of Suboxone regulation in Canada has not been critically examined. Part of the rationale for doing so stems from the US regulatory experience, with documented irregularities, or what some have called abuses, that support profit-making by Suboxone's manufacturers. This regulatory analysis allows us to determine how opportunities to address health crises through drug innovation are managed at a federal …

Reducing Barriers To Accessing Administrative Data On Sars-Cov-2 Vaccination For Research, Andrew Mcrae, Patrick Archambault, Patrick Fok, Hana Wiemer, Laurie Morrison, Matthew Herder

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

Public trust in scientific research, especially research regarding vaccines, has proven fragile during the COVID-19 pandemic. To counter abundant misinformation about SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, rigorous, ongoing evaluations of vaccine safety and effectiveness by independent Canadian researchers are important. However, researchers' efforts to conduct timely, national studies of vaccine effectiveness have been hindered by barriers to data sharing that have made it difficult to integrate patients' vaccination status into SARS-CoV-2 clinical and epidemiological studies. Here, McRae et al discuss how a risk-averse data-sharing culture has led to missed opportunities to conduct robust, timely, pan-Canadian SARS-CoV-2 clinical and vaccine effectiveness studies, and outline …

Indigenous Rights And Interests In A Changing Arctic Ocean: Canadian And Russian Experiences And Challenges, Anna Sharapova, Sara L. Seck, Sarah L. Macleod, Olga Koubrak

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

The Arctic has been home to Indigenous peoples since long before the international legal system of sovereign states came into existence. International law has increasingly recognized the rights of Indigenous peoples, who also have status as Permanent Participants in the Arctic Council. In northern Canada, the majority of those who live in the Arctic are recognized as Indigenous. However, in northern Russia, a much smaller percentage of the population is identified as Indigenous, as legal recognition is only accorded to groups with a small population size. This article will compare Russian and Canadian approaches to recognition of Indigenous peoples and …

Aboriginal Rights, Legislative Reconciliation And Constitutionalism, Naiomi Metallic

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

This paper sketches out the idea of ‘legislative reconciliation’ – governments in Canada using their legislative powers to recognize and protect the inherent rights of Indigenous peoples. Legislative reconciliation is needed because the existing approaches to the implementation of inherent rights—negotiation and constitutional litigation—have been insufficient on their own to bring about a mutually respectful relationship between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples. Despite the entrenchment of s 35, state governments have not seen themselves as having a role in its implementation in the same way they do for Charter rights. In particular, Canadian governments have not felt compelled to legislate to …

Breathing Life Into Our Living Tree And Strengthening Our Constitutional Roots: The Promise Of The United Nations Declaration On The Rights Of Indigenous Peoples Act, Naiomi Metallic

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

In 2015, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (“TRC”) suggested that, despite over 30 years of interpretation in the courts, section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982, which “recognizes and affirms” the Aboriginal and treaty rights of the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, is not achieving meaningful reconciliation. The TRC defined reconciliation as being about “establishing and maintaining a mutually respectful relationship between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal peoples in this country.” According to the TRC, the “reconciliation vision that lies behind Section 35 should not be seen as a means to subjugate Aboriginal peoples to an absolute sovereign Crown,” implying this …

Inside The Black Box Of Prosecutor Discretion, Megan S. Wright, Shima Baradaran Baughman, Christopher Robertson

Faculty Scholarship

In their charging and bargaining decisions, prosecutors have unparalleled and nearly-unchecked discretion that leads to incarceration or freedom for millions of Americans each year. More than courts, legislators, or any other justice system player, in the aggregate prosecutors’ choices are the key drivers of outcomes, whether the rates of mass incarceration or the degree of racial disparities in justice. To date, there is precious little empirical research on how prosecutors exercise their breathtaking discretion. We do not know whether they consistently charge like cases alike or whether crime is in the eye of the beholder. We do not know what …

Drug Supervision, Jacob Schuman

Faculty Scholarship

Critics of harsh drug sentencing laws in the United States typically focus on long prison sentences. But the American criminal justice system also inflicts a significant volume of drug-related punishment through community supervision (probation, parole, and supervised release). Over one million people are under supervision due to a drug conviction, and drug activity is among the most common reasons for violations. In an age of “mass supervision,” community supervision is a major form of drug sentencing and drug policy.

In this Article, I analyze the federal system of supervised release as a form of drug policy. Congress created supervised release …

Animal Rights Activism And The Constitution: Are Ag-Gag Laws Justifiable Limits?, Jodi Lazare

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

Forthcoming in the Osgoode Hall Law Journal (2022).

It is a troubling time to be an animal rights activist in Canada. Recently, Alberta adopted legislation to create harsh penalties for trespassing onto private property, for obtaining permission to enter private property based on false pretences, and for interfering with vehicles on public highways. These laws relate to agricultural lands, to private property generally, and, where roads are concerned, to public property. Ontario, for its part, has adopted similar legislation aimed specifically at agricultural property. The legislation in both provinces purports to protect the security of farmers, their families, and rural …

Igniting Interest?: Female Perceptions Of Communication Effectiveness In Public Safety Recruitment Campaigns, Ashley Papagni

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Despite the potential for positive impacts resulting from a diverse workforce, fire departments across the country have struggled with the recruitment and hiring of minorities for decades, with women accounting for only 4.7% of its workforce (NFPA, 2020). Due in part to the limited diversity, the fire service tends to perpetuate the stereotypes of masculinity. There are three identified issues that are leading to the lack of female applicants in public safety positions, including the lack of diversity and inclusivity in Public Safety Organizations (PSOs), the absence of women in the role as firefighters, and the absence of recruitment strategies …

Remaking Public Defense In An Abolitionist Framework: Non-Reformist Reform And The Gideon Problem, Eli Salamon-Abrams

Fordham Urban Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The Regulatabilization Of Cannabis, Donald J. Kochan

Fordham Urban Law Journal

No abstract provided.