Digital Commons Network^™

Variation In Human Water Turnover Associated With Environmental And Lifestyle Factors, Yosuke Yamada, Xueying Zhang, Mary E T Henderson, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Herman Pontzer, Daiki Watanabe, Tsukasa Yoshida, Misaka Kimura, Philip N Ainslie, Lene F Andersen, Liam J Anderson, Lenore Arab, Issad Baddou, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Ellen E Blaak, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G Bonomi, Carlijn V C Bouten, Pascal Bovet, Maciej S Buchowski, Nancy F Butte, Stefan G Camps, Graeme L Close, Jamie A Cooper, Richard Cooper, Sai Krupa Das, Lara R Dugas, Simon Eaton, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W Fudge, Annelies H Goris, Michael Gurven, Lewis G Halsey, Catherine Hambly, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Marije B Hoos, Sumei Hu, Noorjehan Joonas, Annemiek M Joosen, Peter Katzmarzyk, Kitty P Kempen, William E Kraus, Wantanee Kriengsinyos, Robert F Kushner, Estelle V Lambert, William R Leonard, Nader Lessan, Corby K Martin, Anine C Medin, Erwin P Meijer, James C Morehen, James P Morton, Marian L Neuhouser, Theresa A Nicklas, Robert M Ojiambo, Kirsi H Pietiläinen, Yannis P Pitsiladis, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Guy Plasqui, Ross L Prentice, Roberto A Rabinovich, Susan B Racette, David A Raichlen, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M Redman, John J Reilly, Rebecca M Reynolds, Susan B Roberts, Albertine J Schuit, Luis B Sardinha, Analiza M Silva, Anders M Sjödin, Eric Stice, Samuel S Urlacher, Giulio Valenti, Ludo M Van Etten, Edgar A Van Mil, Jonathan C K Wells, George Wilson, Brian M Wood, Jack A Yanovski, Alexia J Murphy-Alford, Cornelia U Loechl, Amy H Luke, Jennifer Rood, Klaas R Westerterp, William W Wong, Motohiko Miyachi, Dale A Schoeller, John R Speakman

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Water is essential for survival, but one in three individuals worldwide (2.2 billion people) lack access to safe drinking water. Water intake requirements largely reflect water turnover (WT), the water used by the body each day. We investigated the determinants of human WT in 5,604 people from the ages of 8 days to 96 years from 26 countries using isotope tracking (2H) methods. Age, body size, and composition were significantly associated with WT as were physical activity, athletic status, pregnancy, socioeconomic status, and environmental characteristics (latitude, altitude, air temperature, and humidity). People in countries with low human development index (HDI) …

A Study Of Using E-Resources By Research Scholars In Selected Institutions Of Southern Tamilnadu: Research Methodology, Senthur Vel Murugan Librarian

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

ABSTRACT

Purpose:

In this paper, the philosophical position of the scientist is investigated which will explain the purposes behind the decision approach utilized in this examination. In this way, the principal motivation behind this paper is to exhibit the examination approach and techniques utilized in this investigation to respond to the exploration questions and to accomplish the examination objective.

Design / Methodology/ Approach

Research Design is a groundbreaking strategy indicating the strategies and methodology controlling the specialist to gather their information and investigation their exploration. The most widely recognized research structures that analysts consistently use are exploratory, expressive, and easygoing. …

The Effectiveness Of A Religious Counseling Program In Reducing Symptoms Of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Among Philadelphia University Students فاعلية برنامج إرشادي ديني في خفض أعراض الوسواس القهري لدى طلبة جامعة فيلادلفيا, Sanaa Nasser Khawaldeh

Jordanian Educational Journal

Abstract:

The study seeks to identify the effectiveness of a religious counseling program in reducing symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder among Philadelphia University students. The study population consisted of all students for the academic year 2018/2019, where the obsessive-compulsive measure was applied as a pre-test on students who have desire to participate in the program, they were (60).The sample was chosen from students who received moderate and high scores on the OCD scale were randomly divided into two groups (experimental and control)(20) students each group.To demonstrate the statistical differences significance between means (MANCOVA) was used, also (t) test was used …

Jordanian Efl Sixth-Grade Students’ Attitudes Towards Using Gamification In Reading Comprehension اتجاهات طلاب الصف السادس الأردنیین متعلمي اللغة الانجليزية لغة أجنبية نحو استخدام الألعاب التحفيزية في فهم المقروء, Rami Ali Abu Sa’Aleek, Abdallah Ahmad Bani Abdel Rahman

Jordanian Educational Journal

Abstract:

This study investigated the Jordanian EFL sixth-grade students ’attitudes towards using gamification in reading comprehension lessons. The participants of the study were 35 students from a public school in Jordan. They studied reading comprehension activities through gamification. A questionnaire with 31-items was designed to explore students’ attitudes towards using gamification in reading comprehension lessons. The results indicated that the sixth-grade students had positive attitudes towards the use of gamification in reading comprehensionlessons.

ملخص:

بحيث هذه الدراسة في اتجاهات طلاب الصف السادس الأردنیین متعلمي اللغة الانجليزية لغة أجنبية نحو استخدام الألعاب التحفيزية في دروس فهم المقروء. بلغ عدد المشاركين في …

The Effectiveness Of A Group Counseling Program Based On Feminist Therapy In Improving Self-Assertiveness Of Battered Women فاعلية برنامج إرشادي جمعي يستند إلى العلاج النسّوي في تحسين مستوى توكيد الذات لدى النساء المعنفات, Bara Asaa'd Khatatbeh, Manar Saeed Banimostafa

Jordanian Educational Journal

Abstract:

The current study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a group counseling program based on feminist therapy in improving the self-assertiveness of battered women. The program was applied to a group of women who attend the Islamic Society for Social Services Center, in the AL-Rammtha District, Jordan, and the study sample consisted of (30) battered women, and they were selected based on their low scores on the self-assertiveness scale, and they were randomly distributed into two groups: an experimental group It includes (15) abused women, and a control group includes (15) abused women. To achieve the objectives of the …

The Effect Of An Instructional Program Based On The Semiotic Theory On Improving Reading Comprehension Skills, Among Eleventh Grade Female Students In Jordan أثر برنامج تعليميّ قائم على النظريّة السيميائية في تحسين مهارات استيعاب النص القرائي لدى طالبات الصّف الأول الثانوي في الأردنّ, Asma’A Sulieman Attallah, Abdul Rahman Al Hashemi

Jordanian Educational Journal

Abstract:

This study aimed at investigating the impact of an instructional program based on the Semiotic theory on improving reading comprehension skills of eleventh grade female students in Jordan. The sample of the study consisted of 52 student at Om Katheer School. Students were randomly distributed into two groups. The researcher developed the instructional program and the reading comprehension test, which was validated by a group of experts. Reliability of the test was established via re-test. The experimental group were instructed using the developed instructional program, while the control group was instructed using the conventional method. To respond to the …

The Degree To With Secondary School Principals In Jerash Governorate Practice Methods For Resolving Student Conflict From The Teachers' Point Of View درجة ممارسة مديري المدارس الثانوية في محافظة جرش لأساليب حل النزاعات الطلابية من وجهة نظر المعلمين, Mirna Sami Zureikat, Adnan Badri Al-Ibrahim, Anis Saqr Al-Khasawneh

Jordanian Educational Journal

Abstract:

This study aimed to identify the degree of practicing high school principals in Jerash Governorate of students conflict resolution methods from teachers' point of view, The study used the descriptive methodolo in data collection. To achieve the objectives of this study, a questionnaire on conflict resolution methods consisting of (26) items was developed where its validity and reliability were assured, The sample of the study consisted of (421) teachers chosen by using stratified randomly sample method. The results of the study revealed that the degree of practicing high school principals in Jerash Governorate conflict resolution methods students from teachers' …

The Effectiveness Of Using Strategy Of Instructional Scaffolding In Teaching Mathematics To Improve Mathematical Power Among First Year Secondary Students In Jordan فاعلية توظيف إستراتيجية السقالات التعليمية في تدريس الرياضيات في تحسين القوة الرياضية لدى طلبة الصف الأول الثانوي في الأردن, Imad Awwad Barouq, Ali Mohammad Al Zoebi, Tareq Yousef Jawarneh

Jordanian Educational Journal

Abstract:

The aim of the study was to identify the effectiveness of employing the strategy of instructional scaffolding in teaching mathematics to improve mathematical power among secondary first grade students in Jordan. To achieve the goals of the study, the content of the "Functions" unit from the mathematics book for the first secondary class was analyzed to build a test in mathematical power with its three operations (Mathematical Communication, Mathematical Connection, Mathematical Reasoning). Its validity and reliability were verified. The sample of study consisted of (44) students, distributed equally among the experimental and control groups. The results of the study …

The Nature Of Parents’ Relationship With Their Gifted And Non-Gifed Sons And Some Variables Effect On That Relationship طبيعة علاقة الوالدين بأبنائهم المتميزين وغير المتميزين وأثر بعض المتغيرات على تلك العلاقة, Esra Mohammed Isam Asha, Muna Subhi Zaki Al Hadidi

Jordanian Educational Journal

Abstract:

This study aimed at finding out the level of the nature of the relationship of the parents with each of their gifted and non-gifted children from the point of view of parents and the impact of some variables on that relationship, The study sample reached (400) from the parents of the students from King Abdullah II schools for excellence from the lower, middle and higher levels, and a scale of the nature of the parents’ relationship with their children was applied, the two researchers used the descriptive approach, and the data was analyzed using appropriate statistical methods the results …

Constructing A Detection Scale For Dyslexia And Measuring Its Effectiveness In Detecting The Dyslexic Students In Jordan بناء مقياس العسر القرائي الكشفي وقياس فاعليته في الكشف عن الطلبة ذوي العسر القرائي في الاردن, Fatin Nabil Mahmoud Al-Mashaikh, Maiada Mohammad Al-Natour

Jordanian Educational Journal

Abstract:

This study aimed at constructing a detecting scale for dyslexia and measuring its effectiveness in detecting dyslexic students in Jordan. The study sample consisted of (40) dyslexic and (40) non-dyslexic male and female students attending private and public schools in Al-Karak governorate. To achieve the study objectives, the researchers used the analytical descriptive approach. The scale included six subtests; fluency in reading real words, fluency in reading non-words, orthographic choice, rapid naming, deleting phoneme and verbal fluency. The results showed that the scale had high validity and reliability. The results revealed that there were statistically significant differences at (α=0.05) …

Degree Of Arab School Principals’ Use Of Benchmarking And Continual Improvement Process And Their Relationship With Quality Of Education Within The Green Line درجة استخدام مديري المدارس العربية داخل الخط الأخضر للمقارنات المرجعية ومنهجية التحسين المدرسي المستمر وارتباطهما بجودة التعليم, Reabal Youssef Kabaha, Aref Toufeq Atari

Jordanian Educational Journal

Abstract:

The aim of the study was to identify the degree of use of Arab school principals within the Green Line of benchmarking and continual improvement process and their link to the quality of education. To achieve the aims of the study the descriptive, correlational methodology was used. The sample of the study consisted of (350) individuals, including (150) School Principals and (200) Subject Concentrators. They were chosen by the random stratified method from the northern region inside the Green Line. Questionnaires were used as data collection tools. The results showed that the degree of the use of Arab school …

The Effect Of Teaching An Advanced Unit From The Geograghy Textbook Based On Economic Values On Developing Consumer Awareness Among Basic Eighth Grade Students In Jordan أثر تدريس وحدة مطورة من كتاب الجغرافيا قائمة على القيم الاقتصادية في تنمية الوعي الاستهلاكي لدى طلاب الصف الثامن الأساسي في الأردن, Ali Khalaf Sweilem Al Murshid, Hamed A. Talafha

Jordanian Educational Journal

Abstract:

This study aimed at discovering the effect of developed unit from the geograghy textbook, based on economic values on developing consumer awareness among basic eighth grade students in Jordan.The sample of the study consisted of (66) students who were purposely selected from the Judge Eyas Basic School for Boys in the Directorate of Education in Sahab District, and were randomly divided into an experimental group of (33) students and a control group consisting of (33) students. The third unit, "Natural Resources" of the 8th grade geography textbook were developed in light of economic values system, and the consumer awareness …

The Level Of Vocational Training And Employment Services Offered To Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder From Teachers And Parents' Point Of View In Jordan مستوى خدمات التدريب المهني والتشغيل المقدمة للطلبة ذوي اضطراب طيف التوحد من وجهة نظر المعلمين وأولياء الأمور في الأردن, Odeh Mohammed Salman, Muna S. Al-Hadidi

Jordanian Educational Journal

Abstract:

This study aimed to find out the level of vocational training and employment services provided to students with autism spectrum disorder from the viewpoint of teachers and parents. The two researchers used descriptive survey methodology. A measure included (45) items was used.The sample was consisted of (190) teachers and parents of pupils with autism spectrum (14-18 years). The results indicated that the level of vocational training services provided to individuals with autism spectrum disorder was (high) from the viewpoint of teachers and parents, while the level of operating services provided to them was (medium). And there were statistically significant …

The Sources Of The Authority Of Academic Leaders In Jordanian Universities From The Viewpoint Of The Faculty Members Working With Them مصادر سلطة القادة الأكاديميين في الجامعات الأردنية من وجهة نظر أعضاء هيئة التدريس العاملين فيها, Meqbel M. Alkhazaleh, Saleh Naser Oleimat, Eid M. Kanan

Jordanian Educational Journal

Abstract:

The study aimed to identify the sources of the authority of academic leaders in Jordanian universities from the viewpoint of the faculty members working with them. A random stratified sample was chosen, consisting of (384) faculty members. The survey descriptive methodology was used, and a questionnaire consisting of (27) items, distributed in (6) fields, was used. Its validity and reliability were confirmed. The study reached the following results: the degree of appreciation of the exercise of the sources of the authority of academic leaders in Jordanian universities from the viewpoint of faculty members working with them was medium. The …

Vol.50 N.18 November 24th 2022, Voice Media Ventures

Black Voice News

No abstract provided.

Fhsu Student Tanner Callis Discusses The Power Of Scholarships, November 24, 2022, Tisa Mason Ed.D.

Heart of a Tiger Columns

No abstract provided.

Implementing Equal Access To Legal Capacity In Canada: Experience, Evidence, And Legal Imperative – Final Report, Faisal Bhabha, Ruby Dhanda, Kerri Joffe, Lana Kerzner, Brendon Pooran

Commissioned Reports, Studies and Public Policy Documents

Many Canadians with disabilities have long been discriminated against in the enjoyment and exercise of their legal capacity, especially people with developmental, cognitive, or psychosocial disabilities.

The United Nations (UN) Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) seeks to correct this pervasive discrimination. It recognizes the right to equality in the exercise of legal capacity without discrimination based on disability.

This study was motivated by two primary issues: 1) longstanding concerns in the disability rights community about this discrimination; and 2) the findings and recommendations made by the United Nations “Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities,” …

Wakeful Rest Benefits Recall, But Not Recognition, Of Incidentally Encoded Memory Stimuli In Younger And Older Adults, Peter R Millar, David A Balota

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Older adults exhibit deficits in episodic memory tasks, which have often been attributed to encoding or retrieval deficits, with little attention to consolidation mechanisms. More recently, researchers have attempted to measure consolidation in the context of a behavioral experiment using the wakeful rest paradigm (i.e., a brief, quiet period of minimal stimulation, which facilitates memory performance, compared to a distractor task). Critically, older adults might not produce this effect, given established age differences in other episodic memory processes and mind-wandering. In three experiments, we directly compared younger and older adults in modified versions of the wakeful rest paradigm. Critically, we …

Withdrawing Antipsychotics For Challenging Behaviours In Adults With Intellectual Disabilities: Experiences And Views Of Experts By Experience, Gerda De Kuijper, Joke De Haan, Shoumitro Deb, Rohit Shankar

Peninsula Medical School

People with intellectual disabilities (PwID) are frequently prescribed long-term antipsychotics for behaviours that challenge (BtC) despite the lack of proven effectiveness and the increased risks for side effects of these medications in this population. National and international good clinical practice guidelines recommend deprescribing antipsychotics for BtC, which is often not successful due to environmental and other factors. The involvement of all stakeholders, including PwID, is crucial for deprescribing. However, studies showed that PwID and/or their families are often not involved in decision-making regarding the (de)prescribing of antipsychotics despite their desire to get involved. Moreover, studies on the views of PwID …

Withdrawing Antipsychotics For Challenging Behaviours In Adults With Intellectual Disabilities: Experiences And Views Of Experts By Experience, G De Kuijper, J De Haan, S Deb, R Shankar

Peninsula Medical School

People with intellectual disabilities (PwID) are frequently prescribed long-term antipsychotics for behaviours that challenge (BtC) despite the lack of proven effectiveness and the increased risks for side effects of these medications in this population. National and international good clinical practice guidelines recommend deprescribing antipsychotics for BtC, which is often not successful due to environmental and other factors. The involvement of all stakeholders, including PwID, is crucial for deprescribing. However, studies showed that PwID and/or their families are often not involved in decision-making regarding the (de)prescribing of antipsychotics despite their desire to get involved. Moreover, studies on the views of PwID …

Links Between Risk Source Identification And Resilience Capability Building In Agri-Food Supply Chains: A Comprehensive Analysis, Guoqing Zhao, Femi Olan, Shaofeng Liu, Jorge Hernandez Hormazabal, Carmen Lopez, Nasiru Zubairu, Jinhua Zhang, Xiaoning Chen

Plymouth Business School

Agri-food supply chain (AFSC) resilience is receiving increasing attention as AFSC stakeholders perceive its benefits in recovering from unexpected disruptions. However, which resilience capabilities are more effective in mitigating AFSC risks remains unclear. To address this gap, this article presents a novel AFSC risk and resilience analysis based on a systematic literature review (SLR). In total, 95 journal articles on AFSC risk and resilience management published between 2004 and 2020 are analyzed to identify key risks and resilience capabilities in AFSCs, the relationships, correlations and causalities between them, and research gaps and future research directions in the field. Our SLR …

Expanding Workplace Inclusion Of Employees Who Are Parents Of Children With Disabilities Through Diversity Training, Lisa M. Stewart, Julie M. Rosenzweig, Anna M. Malsch Tamarkin, Eileen Brennan, Jessica Lukefahr

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

Employed parents raising children with disabilities manage exceptional care responsibilities along with their work careers. This study examines the effects of targeted diversity training on human resource (HR) professionals’ knowledge of the work–family experiences of these parents, and on their self-efficacy in providing workplace supports. Using computer-based training in field settings, 64 U.S. human resource professionals in an international company participated in two diversity training sessions. Data related to knowledge and efficacy of dependent and disability care were collected before the first training and immediately after the second. HR participants demonstrated significant increases from pretest to posttest on the trained …

Representations Of Depression And Schizophrenia In The Community: The Role Of Illness And Risk Perceptions On Help-Seeking Intentions, David Dias Neto, Maria João Figueiras, Rita Sebastião

All Works

Illness perceptions (IPs) are important in understanding human reactions to illnesses, including mental health disorders. They influence risk perceptions and several variables relevant to the adjustment to a disorder, treatment seeking, and health outcomes. This study sought to compare IP, risk perception, and help-seeking intention for depression and schizophrenia in a community sample and to assess the mediating role of risk perception in the relationship between IP and help-seeking intention. A total of 380 adults participated in this study and filled out self-report measures of IPs, risk perceptions, and help-seeking intention. The previous diagnosis of depression was used to control …

Analysis Of Antiquorum-Sensing And Antibiofilm Activity By Pomelo Peel Extract (Citrus Maxima) On Multidrug-Resistance Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, I Gede Krisna Arim Sadeva, Putri Ayu Wulandari, Aizar Vesa Prasetyo, Luh Putu Nike Wahyuntika, Putu Nindya Krisnadewi Rahadi, I Gede Aswin Parisya Sasmana, I Made Rhamandana Putra, Agus Eka Darwinata

BioMedicine

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is gram-negative bacteria with high adaptability by forming biofilms and quorum-sensing mechanisms to avoid immune responses and antimicrobial agents which tend to develop into Multidrug Resistance (MDR) related to Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI) with a prevalence of 3,8% in Indonesia and a mortality of up to 69%. Polyphenol compounds found in pomelo peels (Citrus maxima) have been shown to have antibiofilm and antiquorum-sensing effects but are less investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate those effects on MDR P. aeruginosa. In vitro study design is performed to evaluate the inhibition effect of ethanolic extract on bacterial …

The Image Of Nature And Human In Elia Abu Madi Poetry: The Woman And Homeland As A Model, Mokhled Al-Aied, Abdelhaleem Al-Hrout

Jerash for Research and Studies Journal مجلة جرش للبحوث والدراسات

The study deals with the image of nature and the human relationship with it in light of the knowledge of the relationship with women and the homeland. The study seeks to analyze the relationship between nature and man, in which the poet's vision was manifested. The study highlighted, through its topics related to women and the homeland, the depth of the connection between the poet and nature. The study confirms the importance of nature in Abu Madi's poetry as an idea that expresses the intellectual and psychological dimensions with which his poems were mixed and expressed. The current study shows …

The Degree To Which Secondary School Students In Jordan Possess Digital Citizenship Skills, Dareen Abdelhadi, Youssef Arouri

Jerash for Research and Studies Journal مجلة جرش للبحوث والدراسات

The purpose of this study was to identify the degree to which secondary school students in Jordan possess digital citizenship skills and to identify the extent of statistically significant differences attributed to variables: gender, family monthly income, education system. The researcher used the descriptive survey analysis approach to conduct the study; the study tool (A test) was prepared consisting of (52) items and they were classified according to the nine elements of digital citizenship as follows: digital literacy, digital etiquette, digital laws, digital health and wellness, digital access, digital communications, digital security, digital commerce, digital rights and responsibilities. After verifying …

The Level Of Occupational Stress Among Public School Teachers In Jordan, Khalid Al-Mahasnieh

Jerash for Research and Studies Journal مجلة جرش للبحوث والدراسات

The current study aimed to identify the level of occupational pressures that secondary school teachers are exposed to in Jerash Directorate of Education, and proposing some solutions to relieve such kind of pressures.

To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher adopted the descriptive analytical method, both quantitative and qualitative, the study tool was a questionnaire contains (30) paragraphs, and an open question to suggest some possible solutions. The tool was applied to a sample of (274) secondary school teachers in Jerash Directorate of Education.

A set of suggestions were also presented, which it is hoped will work to …

Psychological Stress And Its Relationship To Self-Esteem And Life Quality Among Battered Women At Kuwait, Fatima Al-Adwan, Abtesam Al-Rashedi

Jerash for Research and Studies Journal مجلة جرش للبحوث والدراسات

The aim of the study was to identify the level of psychological stress and its relationship to self-esteem and life quality among Battered Women at Kuwait. The study sample consisted of (68) violated womenat Kuwait. For the purposes of the current study, the researcher developed the measures of psychological stress, self-esteem, and life quality of Battered Women. The results of the study showed that the level of psychological stresswas high, self-esteem and life quality was low. The results also showed there is an inverse correlation between psychological stress and self-esteem and life quality. The study recommends that researchers and specialists …

The Level Of Psychological Anxiety Among A Sample Of Secondary School Students In Jordan In Light Of The Coronavirus Pandemic (Covid-19), Amani Bakkar

Jerash for Research and Studies Journal مجلة جرش للبحوث والدراسات

The current study aimed to identify the level of psychological anxiety among a sample of secondary school female students in Jordan in light of the Coronavirus pandemic (COVID -19) , the study sample consisted of (122) female students, a scale has been develpoed for the study, it is the Pyschological Anxiety Scale, also the psychometric properties of the scale have been verified.The results of the study revealed that there is an above-average level of psychological anxiety for secondary school female students in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in light of the Coronavirus pandemic (COVID -19) and there are statistically significant …

The Effectiveness Of A Counseling Program Based On Positive Psychology In Reducing Depression Among Orphan Students, Sahar Al-Menshawi

Jerash for Research and Studies Journal مجلة جرش للبحوث والدراسات

The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a counseling program based on positive psychology strategies in reducing depression among secondary school students. The sample consisted of (30) students who obtained the lowest marks in the study scale (depression). And distributing them randomly into two groups: a pilot on which the extension program was applied, and a control who was not exposed to the extension program As each group included (15), and the study also relied on the quasi-experimental approach.

To get acquainted with the effectiveness of the counseling program among the students of the study sample, the researcher used …